scholarly journals The In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Malaysian Isolates ofBurkholderia pseudomallei

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazah Ahmad ◽  
Rohaidah Hashim ◽  
Azura Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Acute melioidosis may present as localised or septicaemic infections and can be fatal if left untreated.Burkholderia pseudomalleiresistant to antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis had been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiisolated in Malaysia to a panel of antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis and also to potential alternative antibiotics such as tigecycline, ampicillin/sulbactam, and piperacillin/tazobactam. A total of 170Burkholderia pseudomalleiisolates were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration determination usingE-test method to eleven antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. For ceftazidime, imipenem, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and doxycycline resistance was observed in 1 isolate (0.6%) for each of the antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance was observed in 17 (10%) isolates. For other antibiotics, ampicillin/sulbactam, chloramphenicol, tigecycline, and ciprofloxacin resistance were observed in 1 (0.6%), 6 (3.5%), 60 (35.3%) and 98 (57.7%) isolates respectively. One isolate B170/06 exhibited resistance to 4 antibiotics, namely, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline. In conclusion, the Malaysian isolates were highly susceptible to the current antibiotics used in the treatment of melioidosis in Malaysia. Multiple resistances to the antibiotics used in the maintenance therapy are the cause for a concern.

scholarly journals Association between Existence of Integrons and Multi-Drug Resistance in Acinetobacter Isolated from Patients in Southern Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA JAPONI ◽  
AZIZ JAPONI ◽  
SHOREH FARSHAD ◽  
AHYA ABDI ALI ◽  
MARZIEH JAMALIDOUST
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Nosocomial infections caused by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter pose a serious problem in many countries. This study aimed at determining the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and prevalence of different classes of integrons in isolated Acinetobacter. In addition, the association between production of specific bands in PCR assay and magnitude of multi-drug resistance was investigated. In total, 88 Acinetobacter strains were isolated from patients from October 2008 through September 2009. The Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12 antibiotics conventionally used in clinics against the isolates, was determined by E-test method. The existence of integron classes was investigated by PCR assay through the amplification of integrase genes. The most effective antibiotic against Acinetobacter was colistin with 97.7% activity, followed by imipenem (77.3%) and meropenem (72.7%). The presence ofintegron classes 1 and 2 in 47 (53.4%) isolates was confirme, However, no class 3 was detected. The proportion of class 1, compared with class 2, was high (47.7% vs. 3.4%). The association between multi-drug resistance to norfloxacin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefepime and amikacin and the presence of integrons was statistically significant. However, the association was not remarkable in many of the isolates which exhibited resistance to the rest of antibiotics. This may imply that in addition to integrons, other resistance determinants such as transposon and plasmid may also contribute to resistance. To reduce the pressure on sensitive isolates, comprehensive control measures should be implemented. Furthermore, wise application of effective antibiotics could help alleviate the situation. Colistin is the most effective antibiotic in vitro against Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals Pediatric fever in neutropenia with bacteremia—Pathogen distribution and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns over time in a retrospective single-center cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246654
Author(s):  
Melina Stergiotis ◽  
Roland A. Ammann ◽  
Sara Droz ◽  
Christa Koenig ◽  
Philipp Kwame Abayie Agyeman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Pediatric Cancer Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Background Fever in neutropenia (FN) is a potentially life-threatening complication of chemotherapy in pediatric cancer patients. The current standard of care at most institutions is emergency hospitalization and empirical initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Methods We analyzed in retrospect FN episodes with bacteremia in pediatric cancer patients in a single center cohort from 1993 to 2012. We assessed the distribution of pathogens, the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and their trends over time. Results From a total of 703 FN episodes reported, we assessed 134 FN episodes with bacteremia with 195 pathogens isolated in 102 patients. Gram-positive pathogens (124, 64%) were more common than Gram-negative (71, 36%). This proportion did not change over time (p = 0.26). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (64, 32%), viridans group streptococci (42, 22%), Escherichia coli (33, 17%), Klebsiella spp. (10, 5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (nine, 5%) were the most common pathogens. Comparing the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns, the antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone plus amikacin (64%; 95%CI: 56%-72%), cefepime (64%; 95%CI 56%-72%), meropenem (64%; 95%CI 56%-72), and piperacillin/tazobactam (62%; 95%CI 54%-70%), respectively, did not differ significantly. The addition of vancomycin to those regimens would have increased significantly in vitro activity to 99% for ceftriaxone plus amikacin, cefepime, meropenem, and 96% for piperacillin/tazobactam (p < 0.001). Conclusions Over two decades, we detected a relative stable pathogen distribution and found no relevant trend in the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Different recommended antibiotic regimens showed comparable in vitro antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains from Different Decades

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Eva M. Kulik ◽  
Thomas Thurnheer ◽  
Lamprini Karygianni ◽  
Clemens Walter ◽  
Anton Sculean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 57 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and 56 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains isolated from subgingival biofilm samples of periodontitis patients in Switzerland from 1980 to 2017. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the most commonly used antibiotics in periodontal therapy (amoxicillin, metronidazole, azithromycin, and doxycycline) or in severe body infections (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, ertapenem, and moxifloxacin) were determined. Furthermore, all the strains were screened for beta-lactamase activity and the presence of selected resistance genes (cfxA, ermF, and tetQ). Overall, there was no significant increase in MIC values over the 37‑year period. Two of the most recent P. gingivalis isolates yielded the highest MIC values. The first isolate was ermF-positive with MIC values >8 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 0.25 µg/mL for clindamycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The second isolate showed a high MIC value of 4 µg/mL for moxifloxacin, which was associated with a confirmed single-point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene. Although there was no significant increase in the antibiotic resistance among the oral bacterial isolates tested, the detection of resistant P. gingivalis isolates underlines the need to optimize the antibiotic therapeutic protocols in dentistry.

In vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Commercial Chickens in Argentina#

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Gornatti Churria ◽  
Panayiotis Loukopoulo ◽  
German B. Vigo ◽  
Pablo Sansalone ◽  
Mariana A. Machuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale ◽  
Commercial Chickens

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ofStreptococcus pneumoniae in China and Comparison of MICs by Agar Dilution and E-Test Methods

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2633-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Robin Huebner ◽  
Minjun Chen ◽  
Keith Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT Beta-lactam resistance by Streptococcus pneumoniae is becoming a significant threat to public health worldwide. However, data concerning antibiotic susceptibility patterns in China have not been published. In this study, a total of 79 clinical isolates and 244 nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae were recovered between June and November 1997 in Beijing. The agreement between the MICs (±1 log2 dilution) of penicillin and ceftriaxone obtained by the agar dilution and E-test methods for the 79 clinical strains was very good (97.5 and 93.7%, respectively). Of these 79 strains, 9 (11.4%) were intermediate and 2 (2.5%) were resistant to penicillin. Of the 244 nasopharyngeal strains, 32 (13.1%) were intermediate and 3 (1.2%) were resistant to penicillin. The total of 277 penicillin-susceptible clinical and nasopharyngeal isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. In the 35 penicillin-intermediate and -resistant nasopharyngeal strains, elevated MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime were seen for ≤4 isolates. Of 244 nasopharyngeal isolates, the overall percentages of tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance were 87.6, 74.0, 47.8, 3.7 and 63.3, respectively. Vancomycin and rifampin resistance were not detected. These findings demonstrate that the rate of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is relatively low in China compared to those of other Asian countries. Resistance to non-beta-lactams was much higher than to beta-lactams. The E-test and agar dilution methods appeared to be comparable in identifying resistant strains.

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