scholarly journals Enhanced Antidepressant-Like Effects of Electroacupuncture Combined with Citalopram in a Rat Model of Depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yu Pei ◽  
Yan-Li Pan ◽  
Jun Jia ◽  
Chen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Antidepressant Efficacy ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Currently, antidepressants are the dominative treatment for depression, but they have limitations in efficacy and may even produce troublesome side effects. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to have therapeutic benefits in the treatment of depressive disorders. The present study was conducted to determine whether EA could enhance the antidepressant efficacy of a low dose of citalopram (an SSRI antidepressant) in the chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression model rats. Here, we show that a combined treatment with 2 Hz EA and 5 mg/kg citalopram for three weeks induces a significant improvement in depressive-like symptoms as detected by sucrose preference test, open field test, and forced swimming test, whereas these effects were not observed with either of the treatments alone. Further investigations revealed that 2 Hz EA plus 5 mg/kg citalopram produced a remarkably increased expression of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the hippocampus compared with those measured in the vehicle group. Our findings suggest that EA combined with a low dose of citalopram could produce greater therapeutic effects, thereby, predictive of a reduction in drug side effects.

scholarly journals Resveratrol and Depression in Animal Models: A Systematic Review of the Biological Mechanisms

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Moore ◽  
Joshua Beidler ◽  
Mee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test ◽  
Higher Doses

Depression is currently treated by pharmacotherapies that can elicit debilitating side effects for patients. Novel treatment options with limited side effects are currently being researched. Resveratrol is a polyphenol and phytoalexin found in the skins of grapes, red wine, Japanese knotweed, and peanuts. It has been studied extensively for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Resveratrol has also gained attention for its neuroprotective properties. The aim of the review was to examine the mechanisms by which resveratrol reduces depressive behaviors in animal models. In total, 22 studies met the established criteria for final review. Behavioral aspects of depression were investigated using validated measures such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and open field test. While many physical measures were taken, three main biological mechanisms were explored: Regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; decreased inflammation; and increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and neurogenesis. Based on these findings, resveratrol may be deemed an effective treatment for depression in animal models at doses between 10–80 mg/kg/day, although higher doses had the most significant effects. Future studies should examine the effects of resveratrol on depression in humans to determine the eligibility of resveratrol as a natural antidepressant with less severe side effects.

Lithium in Depression: A Review of the Antidepressant and Prophylactic Effects of Lithium

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antidepressant Response ◽  
Drug Of Choice

The therapeutic effects of lithium in depression are reviewed. The acute antidepressant effect of lithium alone is neither as impressive nor as predictable as its antimanic action, nor is it equivalent to that of tricyclic antidepressants. In patients who are ‘refractory’ to tricyclics or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, combined treatment with lithium may augment antidepressant response. Lithium is an effective prophylactic treatment in both unipolar and bipolar disorder and in the latter is the drug of choice. Aspects of monitoring, such as range of therapeutic plasma levels, dosage regimen and adverse effects, are discussed. Current evidence suggests that, in patients who fail to respond to lithium or are unable to tolerate side-effects, carbamazepine should be considered.

scholarly journals Efficiency and safety of transfer of type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled on metformin alone to combined therapy with metformin and diabeton MB

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeevich Ametov ◽  
Lyudmila Nikolaevna Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Metformin Monotherapy

Aim. To evaluate efficiency and tolerability of diabeton MB/metformin combination in patients failing to achieve optimal glycemic control when onmetformin monotherapy and prove advantages of this combination over combined low-dose therapy with glibenclamide and metformin. Materials and methods. The study included 464 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who poorly responded to metformin monotherapy. It was supplementedby diabeton MB. Efficiency and tolerability of combined treatment was evaluated from dynamics of glycemia and frequency of side-effects.40 patients were included in detailed comparative assessment (laboratory and instrumental, CGMS) of this monotherapy and fixed low-dose combinationof glibenclamide with metformin. Results. Results of comparison show that diabeton MB/metformin combination ensured most optimal glycemic control with a minimal risk of side effects. Conclusion. Diabeton MB/metformin combination is convenient, efficient and safe.

scholarly journals Explorative Analysis of Low-Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide and Methotrexate in a Cohort of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Breast Care ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavomir Krajnak ◽  
Marco Battista ◽  
Walburgis Brenner ◽  
Katrin Almstedt ◽  
Tania Elger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metronomic Chemotherapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Phase Ii Studies

Background: Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy (LDMC) is increasingly used in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this retrospective analysis, we examined the therapeutic effects and side effects of LDMC in a cohort of MBC patients. Methods: Patients with MBC were included when LDMC with oral cyclophosphamide (CTX) and methotrexate (MTX) was administered between 2009 and 2015. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (DCR) ≥ 24 weeks after the start of LDMC. Secondary endpoints were duration of progression-free survival (PFS), rates of discontinuation due to side effects, and DCR with regard to subgroups. Results: Retrospective data of 35 patients were available for this analysis. 31% patients achieved DCR. The median PFS was 12 weeks. 9% of patients discontinued LDMC due to adverse events. DCR was 37% in the first 2 lines and 25% in further lines of therapy. 22% of patients with multiple metastases and 35% with ≤2 different metastatic sites achieved DCR. DCR was achieved in 33% of hormone receptor(HR)-positive patients and 27% of HR-negative patients. Conclusion: The DCR of 31% is in line with the results of previous phase II studies. LDMC was well tolerated. Subgroup analysis was not able to identify a group in which LDMC was more efficient.

scholarly journals Zhile Capsule Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects through Upregulation of the BDNF Signaling Pathway and Neuroprotection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Wu ◽  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Luping Yu ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Major depressive disorder is now becoming a common disease in daily life, and most patients do not have satisfactory treatment outcomes. We herein evaluated the therapeutic effects of Zhile capsule and clarified the molecular mechanism. A rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression was established to assess the antidepressant-like effects of Zhile by using the sucrose preference test, open field test, forced swim test, tail suspension test and HPLC. Systems pharmacology was then performed to unravel the underlying mechanism which was confirmed by western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and qPCR. Zhile alleviated depression-like behaviors by upregulating the cAMP-CREB-BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) axis to exert neuroprotective effects. It may be beneficial to depressive patients in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Upregulation of FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 cells after single and combined treatments of resveratrol and ATRA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Abedi-Taleb ◽  
Zahra Vahabi ◽  
Ehsan Sekhavati-Moghadam ◽  
Leila Khedmat ◽  
Shima Jazayeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
C2c12 Cells ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii ◽  
Fibronectin Type Iii Domain

Abstract Background Irisin is a newly discovered myokine that secreted from skeletal muscle cells. Several studies showed that irisin involves in thermogenesis and increases the expression of browning markers such as uncoupling protein-1 that in turns induces the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown fat. Resveratrol (Res) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can also upregulate the expression of thermogenesis genes. In the present study, the effects of single and combined treatments of Res and ATRA on fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) gene expression was explored. Methods The mouse myoblasts, C2C12 cells, were seeded in 6-well plastic plates and cultured in DMEM media. After differentiation, in a pilot study, C2C12 myotubes were treated with different concentrations of Res and ATRA for 12 h. The best result was obtained by treatment of 1and 25 μM of Res and 1 μM of ATRA. Then the main study was continued by single and combined treatment of these compounds at chosen concentration. After treatments, total RNA was extracted from C2C12 cells. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was generated by the cDNA synthesis kit and FNDC5 mRNA expression was evaluated by the real-time PCR method. Results The FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 myotubes of alone-treated with 1 μM, 25 μM Res and 10 μM ATRA did not change compared to vehicle group. However, in combination-treated the expression of FNDC5 gene was significantly increased compared to vehicle group. Conclusion This is the first evidence that Res and ATRA can regulate FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 myotubes. More investigations are necessary to explore the therapeutic effects of these nutrients in obesity, diabetes, cardiac and neurovascular disease.

scholarly journals Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Noise Exposure Induced Oxidative Stress and Depressive- and Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Adult Male Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yavar Mahmoodzadeh ◽  
◽  
Javad Mahmoudi ◽  
Sattar Gorgani-firuzjaee ◽  
Naser Mohtavinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Sucrose Preference Test

Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric disorders that widely occur in industrial societies and severely affect individual's lives. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a mucolytic compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of NAC against chronic noise-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Methods: Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, noise90 dB, noise110 dB, noise 90+NAC, and noise 110+NAC groups. Animals in the noise groups were exposed to the 90 and 110 dB 2 h/day for 30 days. NAC groups received NAC (325 mg/kg P.O.) 20 min after being exposed to noise. To evaluate depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, mice were subjected to open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) tasks. At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were sacrificed and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the hippocampus (HIP) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Results: The results showed that exposure to noise would induce anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, being reversed by NAC administration. Moreover, chronic administration of NAC resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA levels) in the PFC and HIP of noise-exposed mice. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the administration of NAC would reduce the adverse effects of noise on the brain and would exert anti-depressant and anxiolytic effects.

scholarly journals The Combination of AHCC and ETAS Decreases Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells, and Reduces the Expression of LGR5 and Notch1 Genes in Cancer Stem Cells: A Novel Potential Approach for Integrative Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Francesca Paganelli ◽  
Francesca Chiarini ◽  
Annalisa Palmieri ◽  
Marcella Martinelli ◽  
Paola Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells

The AHCC standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, and the standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem, trademarked as ETAS, are well known supplements with immunomodulatory and anticancer potential. Several reports have described their therapeutic effects, including antioxidant and anticancer activity and improvement of immune response. In this study we aimed at investigating the effects of a combination of AHCC and ETAS on colorectal cancer cells and biopsies from healthy donors to assess the possible use in patients with colorectal cancer. Our results showed that the combination of AHCC and ETAS was synergistic in inducing a significant decrease in cancer cell growth, compared with single agents. Moreover, the combined treatment induced a significant increase in apoptosis, sparing colonocytes from healthy donors, and was able to induce a strong reduction in migration potential, accompanied by a significant modulation of proteins involved in invasiveness. Finally, combined treatment was able to significantly downregulate LGR5 and Notch1 in SW620 cancer stem cell (CSC) colonospheres. Overall, these findings support the potential therapeutic benefits of the AHCC and ETAS combinatorial treatment for patients with colorectal cancer.

COMBINATION OF POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL IN THE TREATMENT OF THYROTOXICOSIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Røkke ◽  
J. H. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potassium Perchlorate ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol

ABSTRACT A report is given on 95 thyrotoxic patients treated with a combination of 400 mg propylthiouracil and 400 mg of potassium perchlorate. Perchlorate was stopped when a marked remission of symptoms was obtained, on an average after less than 7 weeks. Euthyroidism was found on an average after 7.2 weeks. The basal metabolic rate, PBI, plasma total cholesterol and weight showed a fairly rapid normalization. Thirteen of the 95 patients were given radio-iodine therapy shortly before drug therapy was started. The remaining 82 cases were grouped together with the 23 cases previously reported. Of the total of 105 cases, 96 became euthyroid on combined therapy. For the frequency of side-effects, the thirteen cases mentioned above were included, giving a total of 118 cases. Eight cases showed an increase in goitre size and 15 cases had other side-effects, of which three were granulocytopenia due to propylthiouracil. The possibility of a higher frequency of mainly minor side-effects on combined therapy has to be balanced against the seemingly rapid and reliable therapeutic effect. Combined treatment, perhaps with even smaller doses than reported here, can be recommended in selected cases of thyrotoxicosis where a shortening of the thyrotoxic state seems of importance, or possibly where difficulties due to iodine exposure may be anticipated, provided adequate control measures are taken.

CONTRACEPTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S87-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wiese ◽  
M. Osler
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intrauterine Contraception ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Unreliable Method ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

ABSTRACT A retrospective investigation was made of contraception in diabetic women delivered in our department in 1969 and 1970. Seventy-nine (69 per cent) answered the questionnaires. About one third had found the contraceptive instruction insufficient. A shift from conventional to intrauterine contraception and sterilization was seen, but nearly 25% of the patients were still using conventional methods, mainly the condom. The patients consider this an unreliable method. Thirty-three patients were using intrauterine contraception. Although 10 of them had bleeding irregularities, all were satisfied with the method. Sterilization had been performed on 17 patients, all of whom were fully satisfied and had experienced no side effects. Four of 11 insulin-requiring diabetics, who have used combined oestrogen-progesterone medication have had difficulties in the regulation of the diabetes. Of 24 unwanted pregnancies 12 occurred since the hospitalization in 1969 and 1970. In diabetic women the contraceptive method should either be sterilization, intrauterine device or low dose progestagens, and only in a few cases conventional. A thorough contraceptive instruction as well as a close control of the diabetic women are of importance in order to avoid unplanned pregnancy. The best way to achieve this is by having an out-patient clinic in connection with the obstetrical department to supervise contraception in all diabetic women in the area.

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