scholarly journals Selected Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicines: Their Effect on NF-κB, PPARαand PPARγand the Respective Bioactive Compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rozema ◽  
A. G. Atanasov ◽  
N. Fakhrudin ◽  
J. Singhuber ◽  
U. Namduang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Albizia Julibrissin ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Chinese herbal medicinal (CHM) extracts from fourteen plants were investigated in cell-basedin vitroassays for their effect on nuclear factorκB (NF-κB), a key regulator of inflammation, as well as on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) being key regulators of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. 43% of the investigated CHMs showed NF-κB inhibitory and 50% PPARαand PPARγactivating effects. Apolar extracts from cortex and flos ofAlbizia julibrissinDurazz. and processed rhizomes ofArisaemasp. andPinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit. that effectively inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and dose-dependently activated PPARαand PPARγwere further investigated. Bioassay-guided fractionation and analysis by GC-MS led to the identification of fatty acids as PPAR agonists, including linoleic and palmitic acid.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) as Potential Inducers of Antineoplastic Effects in CNS Tumors

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Tatenhorst ◽  
Eric Hahnen ◽  
Michael T. Heneka
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors which belong to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. In recent years it turned out that natural as well as synthetic PPAR agonists exhibit profound antineoplastic as well as redifferentiation effects in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The molecular understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still emerging, with partially controverse findings reported by a number of studies dealing with the influence of PPARs on treatment of tumor cells in vitro. Remarkably, studies examining the effects of these drugs in vivo are just beginning to emerge. However, the agonists of PPARs, in particular the thiazolidinediones, seem to be promising candidates for new approaches in human CNS tumor therapy.

New trends in the pharmacological intervention of PPARs in obesity: Role of natural and synthetic compounds_

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nabavi ◽  
Kasi Pandima Devi ◽  
Sethuraman Sathya ◽  
Ana Sanches-Silva ◽  
Listos Joanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

: Obesity is a major health concern for a growing fraction of the population, with the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic disorders not being fully understood. Over the last decade, many attempts have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms at the basis of this condition, in which the accumulation of fat occurring in adipose tissue, leads to the pathogenesis of obesity related disorders. Among the most recent studies, those on Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPARs) revealed that these nuclear receptor proteins acting as transcription factors, among others, regulate the expression of genes involved in energy, lipid, and glucose metabolisms, and chronic inflammation. The three different isotypes of PPARs, with different tissue expression and ligand binding specificity, exert similar or overlapping functions directly or indirectly linked to obesity. In this study, we reviewed the available scientific reports concerning the PPARs structure and functions, especially in obesity, considering both natural and synthetic ligands and their role in the therapy of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. In the whole, the collected data show that there are both natural and synthetic compounds that show beneficial promising activity as PPAR agonists in chronic diseases related to obesity.

Emerging Role of Chinese Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of Pancreatic Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 709-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Qingkai Zhang ◽  
Fangyue Guo ◽  
Mengying Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pancreatic Fibrosis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Pathologic Characteristic ◽  
Prevention And Cure

Pancreatic fibrosis is the main pathologic characteristic in chronic pancreatitis (CP), a common disease that arises from surgery. Pancreatitis is caused by various etiologies, but the mechanism of fibrosis is not completely understood. Existing clinical approaches mainly focus on mitigating the symptoms and therefore do not cure the phenomena. In recent years, there has been a heightened interest in the use of Chinese herbal medicine (CHMs) in the prevention and cure of CP as expressed by increasing numbers of clinical and experimental research. Despite early cell culture and animal models, CHMs are able to interact with plenty of molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic fibrosis mostly via the TGF-[Formula: see text]/Smads pathway; however, integrated and up-to-date communication in this domain is unavailable. This review focuses on the research progress of CHMs against pancreatic fibrosis due to CP in vitro and in vivo and summarizes the potential mechanisms. We also outlined the toxicology of some CHMs for fibrosis treatment in order to provide a fuller understanding of drug safety. This review may provide reference for further innovative drug research and the future development of treatments for CP with pancreatic fibrosis.

scholarly journals The Renoprotective Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Agonists in Diabetes

PPAR Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Thomas ◽  
K. A. Jandeleit-Dahm ◽  
C. Tikellis
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
In The Diabetic Kidney

Pharmaceutical agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes, chiefly as lipid-lowering agents and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Although most of the focus has been placed on their cardiovascular effects, both positive and negative, these agents also have significant renoprotective actions in the diabetic kidney. Over and above action on metabolic control and effects on blood pressure, PPAR agonists also appear to have independent effects on a number of critical pathways that are implicated in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, including oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertrophy, and podocyte function. This review will examine these direct and indirect actions of PPAR agonists in the diabetic kidney and explore recent findings of clinical trials of PPAR agonists in patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals PPARδActivity in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Potential Pharmacological Target

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Tesse ◽  
Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina ◽  
Thierry Ragot
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Pharmacological Target ◽  
Cardiovascular Cells ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and particularly of PPARαand PPARγ, using selective agonists, is currently used in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PPARαand PPARγanti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties in cardiovascular cells were extensively clarified in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. In contrast, the role of PPARδin cardiovascular system is poorly understood. Prostacyclin, the predominant prostanoid released by vascular cells, is a putative endogenous agonist for PPARδ, but only recently PPARδselective synthetic agonists were found, improving studies about the physiological and pathophysiological roles of PPARδactivation. Recent reports suggest that the PPARδactivation may play a pivotal role to regulate inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, suggesting that this transcriptional factor could become an interesting pharmacological target to regulate cardiovascular cell apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, and metabolism.

Immunologic enhancement of compound Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients and their efficacy comparison with compound Chinese herbal medicines

Vaccine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2343-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ling Sun ◽  
Yuan-liang Hu ◽  
De-yun Wang ◽  
Bao-kang Zhang ◽  
Jia-guo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

scholarly journals Improved Insulin Resistance and Lipid Metabolism by Cinnamon Extract through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Sheng ◽  
Yuebo Zhang ◽  
Zhenwei Gong ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Ying Qin Zang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
High Caloric Diet

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Cinnamon, a widely used spice in food preparation and traditional antidiabetic remedy, is found to activate PPARγandα, resulting in improved insulin resistance, reduced fasted glucose, FFA, LDL-c, and AST levels in high-caloric diet-induced obesity (DIO) anddb/dbmice in its water extract form. In vitro studies demonstrate that cinnamon increases the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorsγandα(PPARγ/α) and their target genes such as LPL, CD36, GLUT4, and ACO in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. The transactivities of both full length and ligand-binding domain (LBD) of PPARγand PPARαare activated by cinnamon as evidenced by reporter gene assays. These data suggest that cinnamon in its water extract form can act as a dual activator of PPARγandα, and may be an alternative to PPARγactivator in managing obesity-related diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

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