scholarly journals Contribution of Yeast Models to Neurodegeneration Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Pereira ◽  
Cláudia Bessa ◽  
Joana Soares ◽  
Mariana Leão ◽  
Lucília Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Heterologous Proteins ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Engineered Yeast ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes

As a model organismSaccharomyces cerevisiaehas greatly contributed to our understanding of many fundamental aspects of cellular biology in higher eukaryotes. More recently, engineered yeast models developed to study endogenous or heterologous proteins that lay at the root of a given disease have become powerful tools for unraveling the molecular basis of complex human diseases like neurodegeneration. Additionally, with the possibility of performing target-directed large-scale screenings, yeast models have emerged as promising first-line approaches in the discovery process of novel therapeutic opportunities against these pathologies. In this paper, several yeast models that have contributed to the uncovering of the etiology and pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases are described, including the most common forms of neurodegeneration worldwide, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Moreover, the potential input of these cell systems in the development of more effective therapies in neurodegeneration, through the identification of genetic and chemical suppressors, is also addressed.

scholarly journals In Vivo Production of RNA Aptamers and Nanoparticles: Problems and Prospects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Ousama Al Shanaa ◽  
Andrey Rumyantsev ◽  
Elena Sambuk ◽  
Marina Padkina
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Model ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Rna Aptamers ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Near Future

RNA aptamers are becoming increasingly attractive due to their superior properties. This review discusses the early stages of aptamer research, the main developments in this area, and the latest technologies being developed. The review also highlights the advantages of RNA aptamers in comparison to antibodies, considering the great potential of RNA aptamers and their applications in the near future. In addition, it is shown how RNA aptamers can form endless 3-D structures, giving rise to various structural and functional possibilities. Special attention is paid to the Mango, Spinach and Broccoli fluorescent RNA aptamers, and the advantages of split RNA aptamers are discussed. The review focuses on the importance of creating a platform for the synthesis of RNA nanoparticles in vivo and examines yeast, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a potential model organism for the production of RNA nanoparticles on a large scale.

scholarly journals Meeting Highlights: Genome Sequencing and Biology 2001

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Jo Wixon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Organism

We bring you a report from the CSHL Genome Sequencing and Biology Meeting, which has a long and prestigious history. This year there were sessions on large-scale sequencing and analysis, polymorphisms (covering discovery and technologies and mapping and analysis), comparative genomics of mammalian and model organism genomes, functional genomics and bioinformatics.

Praktijkadvies rond de aanpak van anafylaxie bij (Covid-19-)vaccinatie bij kwetsbare ouderen (incl. e-learning)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DUYVER ◽  
T. VAN DE VELDE ◽  
D. RAZOOQI ◽  
K. VERSLUYS ◽  
M. PETROVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Treatment Education ◽  
First Line Treatment

Practical advice on the anaphylaxis policy for (COVID-19) vaccination in frail, older patients In view of the imminent start of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, a practical advice based on the available literature on anaphylaxis in older people was drawn up for use in frail, older patients. The present practical advice provides guidance with regard to the diagnosis of anaphylaxis, the first-line treatment, education and necessary material with the purpose of making nursing homes and vaccination centres well prepared for the large-scale COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmas and Their Antibiotic Resistance: The Problems and Prospects in Controlling Infections

Acta Naturae ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Chernova ◽  
E. S. Medvedeva ◽  
A. A. Mouzykantov ◽  
N. B. Baranova ◽  
V. M. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes

The present review discusses the problem of controlling mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes), the smallest of self-replicating prokaryotes, parasites of higher eukaryotes, and main contaminants of cell cultures and vaccines. Possible mechanisms for the rapid development of resistance to antimicrobial drugs in mycoplasmas have been analyzed. Omics technologies provide new opportunities for investigating the molecular basis of bacterial adaptation to stress factors and identifying resistomes, the total of all genes and their products contributing to antibiotic resistance in microbes. The data obtained using an integrated approach with post-genomics methods show that antibiotic resistance may be caused by more complex processes than has been believed heretofore. The development of antibiotic resistance in mycoplasmas is associated with essential changes in the genome, proteome, and secretome profiles, which involve many genes and proteins related to fundamental cellular processes and virulence.

scholarly journals Colony size measurement of the yeast gene deletion strains for functional genomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Memarian ◽  
Matthew Jessulat ◽  
Javad Alirezaie ◽  
Nadereh Mir-Rashed ◽  
Jianhua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Growth Differences

Background Numerous functional genomics approaches have been developed to study the model organism yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the aim of systematically understanding the biology of the cell. Some of these techniques are based on yeast growth differences under different conditions, such as those generated by gene mutations, chemicals or both. Manual inspection of the yeast colonies that are grown under different conditions is often used as a method to detect such growth differences. Results Here, we developed a computerized image analysis system called Growth Detector (GD), to automatically acquire quantitative and comparative information for yeast colony growth. GD offers great convenience and accuracy over the currently used manual growth measurement method. It distinguishes true yeast colonies in a digital image and provides an accurate coordinate oriented map of the colony areas. Some post-processing calculations are also conducted. Using GD, we successfully detected a genetic linkage between the molecular activity of the plant-derived antifungal compound berberine and gene expression components, among other cellular processes. A novel association for the yeast mek1 gene with DNA damage repair was also identified by GD and confirmed by a plasmid repair assay. The results demonstrate the usefulness of GD for yeast functional genomics research. Conclusion GD offers significant improvement over the manual inspection method to detect relative yeast colony size differences. The speed and accuracy associated with GD makes it an ideal choice for large-scale functional genomics investigations.

scholarly journals Use of Biologics in Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Refractory to First-Line Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Avee Naidoo ◽  
Cathryn Sibbald ◽  
Patrick J. Fleming ◽  
Vincent Piguet
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an uncommon, inflammatory, papulosquamous skin disease. Treatment of PRP is challenging as the disease is often refractory to conventional therapies, such as retinoids and methotrexate. There has been an increasing number of studies reporting the successful use of biologic therapy in patients with PRP; however, the data on the efficacy and safety are limited. Our objective was to evaluate the existing evidence for utilizing biologics, whether alone or in combination with established systemic therapies, in patients with treatment-resistant PRP. We systematically reviewed evidence within Medline and Pubmed databases between January 1, 2000, to March 31, 2019. Articles consisted of patients diagnosed with PRP who have failed to respond sufficiently to first-line systemic therapies, or who had comorbidities that precluded their use. In total, 363 unique articles were identified, 56 of which were considered relevant to the clinical question. Of the 56 articles highlighted, 35 met the inclusion criteria and were limited to case series and case studies. Therapy with biologics was found to be successful for both monotherapy (81.1% [27/33]) and when used in combination with existing systemic therapies (87.5% [14/16]). The existing evidence suggests that biologics may be regarded as a tool for PRP treatment alone or in combination therapy with existing treatments, although large-scale randomized clinical trials are necessary to better assess their efficacy and safety.

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is Better than Automated Peritoneal Dialysis as First-Line Treatment in Renal Replacement Therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Philip Kam-Tao Li ◽  
Kwok Yi Chung ◽  
Kai Ming Chow
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Health Care Economics ◽  
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
First Line ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

This article examines the roles of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) versus automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) as first-line renal replacement therapy. To date, no high-quality large-scale randomized controlled studies have compared CAPD with APD as first-line therapy. However, a discussion on this issue is important so that nephrologists can decide and patients can have a choice of modality on which to start dialysis, especially in the context of health care economics. We review the literature and present Hong Kong as the model of a “CAPD first” policy, an appealing, cost-effective approach for any country. An ideal renal replacement therapy should provide optimal survival, lowest possible risk for comorbidity, highest level of quality of life, and equally important, acceptable cost to society. When we consider this subject in the context that all patients should be started on one first-line modality, the data suggest that a “CAPD first” policy has all these advantages, with APD probably having the edge only with regard to patient preference. The present review highlights preservation of residual renal function, removal and balancing of sodium, incidence of peritonitis, peritoneal membrane transport status, patient rehabilitation, and financial issues in demonstrating that a “CAPD first” policy is the model that should be adopted.

Functional expression of heterologous proteins in yeast: insights into Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+-transporting ATPases

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. C580-C589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-Khue Ton ◽  
Rajini Rao
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Heterologous Proteins ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Culturing Conditions ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes

The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-developed, versatile, and widely used model organism. It offers a compact and fully sequenced genome, tractable genetics, simple and inexpensive culturing conditions, and, importantly, a conservation of basic cellular machinery and signal transducing pathways with higher eukaryotes. In this review, we describe recent technical advances in the heterologous expression of proteins in yeast and illustrate their application to the study of the Ca2+ homeostasis machinery, with particular emphasis on Ca2+-transporting ATPases. Putative Ca2+-ATPases in the newly sequenced genomes of organisms such as parasites, plants, and vertebrates have been investigated by functional complementation of an engineered yeast strain lacking endogenous Ca2+ pumps. High-throughput screens of mutant phenotypes to identify side chains critical for ion transport and selectivity have facilitated structure-function analysis, and genomewide approaches may be used to dissect cellular pathways involved in Ca2+ transport and trafficking. The utility of the yeast system is demonstrated by rapid advances in the study of the emerging family of Golgi/secretory pathway Ca2+,Mn2+-ATPases (SPCA). Functional expression of human SPCA1 in yeast has provided insight into the physiology, novel biochemical characteristics, and subcellular localization of this pump. Haploinsufficiency of SPCA1 leads to Hailey-Hailey disease (HDD), a debilitating blistering disorder of the skin. Missense mutations, identified in patients with HHD, may be conveniently assessed in yeast for loss-of-function phenotypes associated with the disease.

scholarly journals Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Generic Dolutegravir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens Among South Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy ◽  
Sandeep Prabhu ◽  
Ezhilarasi Chandrasekaran ◽  
Selvamuthu Poongulali ◽  
Amrose Pradeep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Line ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractIn this first study of generic dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens in a low-resource setting, we assessed safety, tolerability, and efficacy within a prospective cohort of 564 patients with at least 6 months of clinical follow-up. We provide support for a large-scale transition to DTG as part of first-line regimens.

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