scholarly journals Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Generic Dolutegravir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens Among South Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy ◽  
Sandeep Prabhu ◽  
Ezhilarasi Chandrasekaran ◽  
Selvamuthu Poongulali ◽  
Amrose Pradeep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
First Line ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractIn this first study of generic dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens in a low-resource setting, we assessed safety, tolerability, and efficacy within a prospective cohort of 564 patients with at least 6 months of clinical follow-up. We provide support for a large-scale transition to DTG as part of first-line regimens.

scholarly journals Association of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and Antihepatitis B Core Antibody With Liver Fibrosis Evolution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus Coinfected Patients During Treatment With Tenofovir

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Cruchet ◽  
Lorenza N C Dezanet ◽  
Sarah Maylin ◽  
Audrey Gabassi ◽  
Hayette Rougier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Advanced Fibrosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Fibrosis Regression

Abstract Background Quantitative hepatitis B core-related antigen (qHBcrAg) or antihepatitis B core antibody (qAnti-HBc) could be useful in monitoring liver fibrosis evolution during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, yet it has not been assessed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HBV-coinfected patients undergoing treatment with tenofovir (TDF). Methods One hundred fifty-four HIV-HBV-infected patients initiating a TDF-containing antiretroviral regimen were prospectively followed. The qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc and liver fibrosis assessment were collected every 6–12 months during TDF. Hazard ratios (HRs) assessing the association between qHBcrAg/qAnti-HBc and transitions from none/mild/significant fibrosis to advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (progression) and from advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis to none/mild/significant fibrosis (regression) were estimated using a time-homogeneous Markov model. Results At baseline, advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was observed in 40 (26%) patients. During a median follow-up of 48 months (interquartile range, 31–90), 38 transitions of progression (IR = 7/100 person-years) and 34 transitions of regression (IR = 6/100 person-years) were observed. Baseline levels of qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc were not associated with liver fibrosis progression (adjusted-HR per log10 U/mL = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93–1.24; adjusted-HR per log10 Paul-Ehrlich-Institute [PEI] U/mL = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70–1.04, respectively) or regression (adjusted-HR per log10 U/mL = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95–1.46; adjusted-HR per log10 PEI U/mL = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.78–1.22, respectively) after adjusting for age, gender, duration of antiretroviral therapy, protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Nevertheless, changes from the previous visit of qAnti-HBc levels were associated with liver fibrosis regression (adjusted-HR per log10 PEIU/mL change = 5.46, 95% CI = 1.56–19.16). Conclusions Baseline qHBcrAg and qAnti-HBc levels are not associated with liver fibrosis evolution in TDF-treated HIV-HBV coinfected patients. The link between changes in qAnti-HBc levels during follow-up and liver fibrosis regression merits further study.

scholarly journals Viremia, Resuppression, and Time to Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Subtype C during First‐Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1928-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Hoffmann ◽  
Salome Charalambous ◽  
John Sim ◽  
Joanna Ledwaba ◽  
Graham Schwikkard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
First Line ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals 951. Weight Gain Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S508-S508
Author(s):  
Yesha Patel ◽  
Sheila Okere ◽  
Mark Lustberg ◽  
Carlos Malvestutto
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Obesity is a global public health crisis with a growing prevalence in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) population. In this study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with weight gain in the PWH population. Methods This was a single-centered, retrospective cohort study of our clinic patient population from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2019. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were identified from the electronic health record and a randomized sample of 300 patients who had at least two follow up appointments, were on antiretroviral therapy, and had viral loads less than 200 were evaluated. The primary outcome was weight change over follow up. Cox Proportional Hazards models were used, taking a weight gain > 3 kg as the outcome, and the time on therapy between visits as the time to event. Robust linear regression was used to model mean changes in weight, accounting for influential observations. All analysis were performed in STATA 16.0. Table 1 Results At baseline, 87% were male, 63% were white, and 65% were overweight/obese. 30% were on a protease inhibitor, 46% were on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and 37% were on an integrase inhibitor. 64% were on Tenofovir disoproxil (TDF), 8% were on Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and 19% were on Abacavir. Mean weight change over follow up was significantly increased at 1.31 kg (95% CI = 0.58 – 2.04 kg, p= 0.0004). TAF use and male gender were significantly associated with risk of weight gain > 3 kg in univariate analysis [respectively, OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.30 – 4.92, p = 0.006; OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.05 – 6.45, p = 0.04]. In multivariate analysis, TAF use was significantly associated with weight gain > 3 kg, while male gender was of borderline significance [respectively, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.17 – 4.47, p = 0.01; OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 0.96 – 5.97, p=0.060]. Significant factors associated with weight change are noted in Table 1. Conclusion As PWH are living longer on effective ARV therapy, monitoring for weight gain is required as obesity contributes to morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases. Key factors for weight gain in our clinic population include male gender, baseline diagnosis of hypertension, use of TAF, bictegravir use, and rilpivirine use. Disclosures Carlos Malvestutto, MD, Gilead Sciences (Advisor or Review Panel member)ViiV Healthcare (Advisor or Review Panel member)

scholarly journals Analysis of viral load change in Case of HIV/AIDS Patients under ART Follow-up in Arba Minch General Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markos Erango ◽  
Kabtamu Gergiso ◽  
Sultan Hebo
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Adherence Level ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Monitoring human immunodeficiency virus plasma viral load over time is critical to identify virologic treatment failure in patients taking antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to determine whether the overtime viral load changes depends on patient characteristic measured at baseline of human immunodeficiency virus patients at Arba Minch General Hospital.Methods: This prospective follow up study was conducted using data obtained from medical records, patient interviews, and laboratory workup for six months. The study was employed among 152 adult patients that were selected by systematic random sampling. Longitudinal data analysis that accounts for the correlated nature of the data handled through linear mixed effect models were used to fit the data set in this study.Result: The mean viral load declines over time for each of the adherence level groups. The estimates of linear (p = 0.0006) and quadratic visit time (p=0.0256) effects and the baseline characteristics sex, age, adherence level, and Isoniazid preventive therapy had significant effects on change of viral load of patients over time. Conclusion: In order to improve the status of the patient’s viral load over time, considering the patients’ differences in adherence to antiretroviral therapy, sex, age, and Isoniazid preventive therapy are important.

Routine Screening of Anal Cytology in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Impact on Invasive Anal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Revollo ◽  
Sebastián Videla ◽  
Josep M Llibre ◽  
Roger Paredes ◽  
Marta Piñol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background The efficacy of screening programs to prevent anal cancer in persons with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is unclear. Methods To examine the impact of a screening program to detect anal cancer precursors on the incidence of cases of invasive anal squamous-cell carcinoma (IASCC) in persons with HIV-1, we performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of outpatients with HIV-1 attending a reference HIV unit from January 2005 onward. All participants were invited to participate in a continued structured screening program for anal cancer prevention. We estimated the incidence of IASCC and performed a comparative analysis between subjects enrolled in the screening program (screening group) and those who declined to participate (nonscreening group). To reduce any selection bias, a propensity score analysis was applied. Results We included 3111 persons with HIV-1 (1596 men-who-have-sex-with-men [MSM], 888 men-who-have-sex-with-women [MSW], 627 women; mean age, 41 years), with a median follow-up of 4.7 years (14 595 patient-years of follow-up); 1691 (54%) participated in the screening program. Ten patients were diagnosed with IASCC: 2 (MSM) in the screening group and 8 (4 MSM, 2 MSW, and 2 women) in the nonscreening group. The incidence rates of IASCC were 21.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–70.3) and 107.0 (95% CI, 46.2–202.0) per 100 000 person-years, respectively. After a propensity score adjustment, the difference was significant in favor of the screening group (hazard ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, .03–.86). Conclusions The number of cases of IASCC was significantly lower in persons with HIV engaged in an anal cytology screening program. These results should be validated in a randomized clinical trial.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gregson ◽  
S Y Rhee ◽  
R Datir ◽  
D Pillay ◽  
C F Perno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Replication Capacity ◽  
Compensatory Mutation ◽  
First Line ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Abstract Background M184V/I cause high-level lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) resistance and increased tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) susceptibility. Nonetheless, 3TC and FTC (collectively referred to as XTC) appear to retain modest activity against human immunodeficiency virus-1 with these mutations possibly as a result of reduced replication capacity. In this study, we determined how M184V/I impacts virus load (VL) in patients failing therapy on a TDF/XTC plus nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimen. Methods We compared VL in the absence and presence of M184V/I across studies using random effects meta-analysis. The effect of mutations on virus reverse-transcriptase activity and infectiousness was analyzed in vitro. Results M184I/V was present in 817 (56.5%) of 1445 individuals with virologic failure (VF). Virus load was similar in individuals with or without M184I/V (difference in log10 VL, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, .05–.31). CD4 count was lower both at initiation of antiretroviral therapy and at VF in participants who went on to develop M184V/I. L74I was present in 10.2% of persons with M184V/I but absent in persons without M184V/I (P < .0001). In vitro, L74I compensated for defective replication of M184V-mutated virus. Conclusions Virus loads were similar in persons with and without M184V/I during VF on a TDF/XTC/NNRTI-containing regimen. Therefore, we did not find evidence for a benefit of XTC in the context of first-line failure on this combination.

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