scholarly journals Laboratory Rearing ofLaricobius nigrinus(Coleoptera: Derodontidae): A Predator of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Salom ◽  
L. T. Kok ◽  
A. B. Lamb ◽  
C. Jubb
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Invasive Pests ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus ◽  
Large Numbers

Coleopteran species are biological control agents of numerous invasive pests.Laricobius nigrinus(Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predaceous, univoltine species, spends the summer aestivating but is active for the rest of the year.Laricobius nigrinuspossesses many essential attributes for effective biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The predator must be reared in large numbers for field releases. We describe some of the studies that led to the successful procedures currently used for mass rearingL. nigrinus.

scholarly journals Temporal Asynchrony of Adult Emergence Between Leucopis argenticollis and Leucopis piniperda (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Predators of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), with Implications for Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Alex N Neidermeier ◽  
Darrell W Ross ◽  
Nathan P Havill ◽  
Kimberly F Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Pacific

Abstract Two species of silver fly, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and Leucopis piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), from the Pacific Northwest region of North America have been identified as potential biological control agents of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) in eastern North America. The two predators are collectively synchronized with A. tsugae development. To determine whether adult emergence of the two species of silver fly are also synchronized with one another, we collected adult Leucopis which emerged from A. tsugae-infested western hemlock [Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] from four sites in the Pacific Northwest over a 29-d period. Specimens were collected twice daily in the laboratory and identified to species using DNA barcoding. The study found that more adult Leucopis were collected in the evening than the morning. Additionally, the daily emergences of adults over the 29-d sampling period exhibited sinusoidal-like fluctuations of peak abundance of each species, lending evidence to a pattern of temporal partitioning. This pattern could have logistical implications for their use as biological control agents in eastern North America, namely the need to release both species for maximum efficacy in decreasing A. tsugae populations.

Paralysis and parasitisation potential of Bracon hebetor on various Lepidopteran hosts

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Muslim ◽  
M. Shafiq Ansari ◽  
Fazil Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Corcyra Cephalonica ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Bracon Hebetor

Bracon hebetor is a Lepidopteran parasitoid which is used in IPM program as biological control agents. Corcyra cephalonica is fictitious host for mass rearing of B. hebetor in laboratory, rest hosts reared on their respective hosts i.e. Corcyra cephalonica, Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia kuehniella were reared on wheat flour, Galleria mellonella on its artificial diet, Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea pods, Earias vitella on okra fruits, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera littoralis on castor leaves. The results of this study showed that the paralysis and parasitisation potential of B. hebetor were found higher on C. cephalonica followed by G. mellonella, E. kuehniella, P. interpunctella while it was shortest on S. litura and S. littoralis.

scholarly journals Mosquito mass rearing: who’s eating the eggs?

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanano Yamada ◽  
Carina Kraupa ◽  
Charles Lienhard ◽  
Andrew Gordon Parker ◽  
Hamidou Maiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Numbers

For the sterile insect technique, and other related biological control methods where large numbers of the target mosquito are reared artificially, production efficiency is key for the economic viability of the technique. Rearing success begins with high quality eggs. Excess eggs are often stockpiled and stored for longer periods of time. Any pests that prey on these eggs are detrimental to stockpiles and need to be avoided. Psocids of the genus Liposcelis (Psocoptera, Liposcelididae) are common scavengers consuming various types of organic material that are distributed globally and thrive in warm damp environments, making insectaries ideal habitats. In this short report, we investigated the species that has been found scavenging stored mosquito eggs in our insectary and identified it to be Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, 1931. Additional observations were made to determine whether these predators indeed feed on mosquito eggs, and to suggest simple, effective ways of avoiding infestation.

Density-dependent dispersal in biological control agents: a reflexion on the side-effects of mass-rearing conditions

BioControl ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Zboralski ◽  
Marine Vilarelle ◽  
Etty Colombel ◽  
Elisabeth Tabone ◽  
Elodie Vercken
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

Morphology of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M.G. Zilahi-Balogh ◽  
L.M. Humble ◽  
L.T. Kok ◽  
S.M. Salom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Life History ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus

AbstractLaricobius nigrinus Fender, native to western North America, was first released in 2003 for the biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the eastern United States. Members of the genus Laricobius are known to feed on adelgids, but there is a lack of detailed taxonomic and ecological information on this group of insects. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of various life stages of L. nigrinus are presented in this study, accompanied by notes on its life history to facilitate its recognition.

scholarly journals Establishment and Distribution of Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a Predator of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Within the Urban Environment in Two Localities in Southwest Virginia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah R Foley ◽  
Thomas J McAvoy ◽  
Seth Dorman ◽  
Kyle Bekelja ◽  
Timothy J Kring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus ◽  
Additional Level

Abstract Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, is a highly destructive non-native pest lethal to eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, and Carolina hemlock, T. caroliniana Engelmann. Fifty years following the first observation of HWA in eastern North America, a predatory beetle, Laricobius nigrinus Fender, was evaluated, approved, and released as a biological control agent. Efforts were made to mass rear L. nigrinus with the goal of redistributing the beetles on public lands, typically in forest ecosystems, as a secondary option to silvicultural and chemical controls. The majority of L. nigrinus releases has occurred on public lands. Herein, we report the observation of L. nigrinus within the urban environment outside of known release locations. Two towns, Blacksburg and Radford, were divided into 0.40 km2 grids. A total of 27 and 19 grids were randomly selected from each town, respectively. Hemlocks were present in 44 and 42% of the grids surveyed in Blacksburg and Radford, respectively. In Blacksburg and Radford, 86 and 100% of the grids with hemlocks were infested with HWA, and of those infested hemlocks, Laricobius spp. was present in 100 and 75% of grids, respectively. A total of 154 Laricobius spp. (98% L. nigrinus and 2% Laricobius rubidus) adults were collected between each town. While it is unclear the level of control L. nigrinus has on reducing HWA's impact, the establishment of this biological control agent in the urban environment is an additional level of predation, that would otherwise not be present, for homeowners with HWA-infested trees.

Coexistence of three specialist predators of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Pacific Northwest USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Rose ◽  
Darrell W. Ross ◽  
Nathan P. Havill ◽  
Kyle Motley ◽  
Kimberly F. Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Tsugae ◽  
Laricobius Nigrinus ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Specialist Predators

AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae: Adelges tsugae Annand) is an invasive insect, introduced from Japan to eastern North America, where it causes decline and death of hemlock trees. There is a closely related lineage of A. tsugae native to western North America. To inform classical biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, the density and phenology of three native western adelgid specialist predators, Leucopis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), Le. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), and Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), were quantified in the Pacific Northwest. Infested branches were collected from western hemlock (Pinaceae: Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) at four sites around the Puget Sound, Washington and three sites in Oregon. Immature Leucopis were identified to species using DNA barcodes. Leucopis argenticollis was roughly twice as abundant as Le. piniperda. Laricobius nigrinus larvae were more abundant than the two species of Leucopis during the egg stage of the first adelgid generation, but Leucopis were present as feeding larvae during the second adelgid generation when La. nigrinus was aestivating in the soil, resulting in Leucopis being more abundant than La. nigrinus across the entire sampling period. Adelges tsugae and La. nigrinus densities were not correlated, while A. tsugae and Leucopis spp. densities were positively correlated. Leucopis spp. and La. nigrinus densities were negatively correlated. These results support the complementary use of La. nigrinus and the two Leucopis species for biological control of A. tsugae in the eastern USA, and point to the need for further investigation of spatial and temporal niche partitioning among the three predator species.

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