scholarly journals Growth Factors Released from Gelatin Hydrogel Microspheres Increase New Neurons in the Adult Mouse Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Nakaguchi ◽  
Hideo Jinnou ◽  
Naoko Kaneko ◽  
Masato Sawada ◽  
Takao Hikita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Gelatin Hydrogel ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Hydrogel Microspheres ◽  
Brain Tissues

Recent studies have shown that new neurons are continuously generated by endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. Some of these new neurons migrate to injured brain tissues and differentiate into mature neurons, suggesting that such new neurons may be able to replace neurons lost to degenerative disease or injury and improve or repair neurological deficits. Here, we tested whether delivering growth factors via gelatin hydrogel microspheres would support neurogenesis in the SVZ. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-containing microspheres increased the number of new neurons in the SVZ. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-containing microspheres increased the number of new neurons migrating from the SVZ towards the injured striatum in a stroke model in mouse. These results suggest that the strategy of using gelatin hydrogel microspheres to achieve the sustained release of growth factors holds promise for the clinical regeneration of damaged brain tissues from endogenous neural stem cells in the adult SVZ.

scholarly journals Strategies for Regenerating Striatal Neurons in the Adult Brain by Using Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Nakaguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Masuda ◽  
Naoko Kaneko ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Currently, there is no effective treatment for the marked neuronal loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) or ischemic stroke. However, recent studies have shown that new neurons are continuously generated by endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain, including the human brain. Because some of these new neurons migrate to the injured striatum and differentiate into mature neurons, such new neurons may be able to replace degenerated neurons and improve or repair neurological deficits. To establish a neuroregenerative therapy using this endogenous system, endogenous regulatory mechanisms that can be co-opted for efficient regenerative interventions must be understood, along with any potential drawbacks. Here, we review current knowledge on the generation of new neurons in the adult brain and discuss their potential for use in replacing striatal neurons lost to neurodegenerative diseases, including HD, and to ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Cross Talk between Notch and Growth Factor/Cytokine Signaling Pathways in Neural Stem Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 3982-3994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoshi Nagao ◽  
Michiya Sugimori ◽  
Masato Nakafuku
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Self Renewal

ABSTRACT Precise control of proliferation and differentiation of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial for proper development of the nervous system. Although signaling through the cell surface receptor Notch has been implicated in many aspects of neural development, its role in NSCs remains elusive. Here we examined how the Notch pathway cross talks with signaling for growth factors and cytokines in controlling the self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs. Both Notch and growth factors were required for active proliferation of NSCs, but each of these signals was sufficient and independent of the other to inhibit differentiation of neurons and glia. Moreover, Notch signals could support the clonal self-renewing growth of NSCs in the absence of growth factors. This growth factor-independent action of Notch involved the regulation of the cell cycle and cell-cell interactions. During differentiation of NSCs, Notch signals promoted the generation of astrocytes in collaboration with ciliary neurotrophic factor and growth factors. Their cooperative actions were likely through synergistic phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 on tyrosine at position 705 and serine at position 727. Our data suggest that distinct intracellular signaling pathways operate downstream of Notch for the self-renewal of NSCs and stimulation of astrogenesis.

scholarly journals Rat Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Modulation Using PDGF, VEGF, PDGF/VEGF, and BDNF

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Gomila Pelegri ◽  
Catherine A. Gorrie ◽  
Jerran Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Neural stem cells have become the focus of many studies as they have the potential to differentiate into all three neural lineages. This may be utilised to develop new and novel ways to treat neurological conditions such as spinal cord and brain injuries, especially if the stem cells can be modulated in vivo without additional invasive surgical procedures. This research is aimed at investigating the effects of the growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor on hippocampal-derived neural stem cells. Cell growth and differentiation were assessed using immunohistochemistry and glutaminase enzyme assay. Cells were cultured for 14 days and treated with different growth factors at two different concentrations 20 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. At 2 weeks, cells were fixed, and immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine cellular differentiation using antibodies against GFAP, nestin, OSP, and NF200. The cell medium supernatant was also collected during treatment to determine glutaminase levels secreted by the cells as an indicator of neural differentiation. VEGF/PDGF at 100 ng/mL had the greatest influence on cellular proliferation of HNSC, which also stained positively for nestin, OSP, and NF200. In comparison, HNSC in other treatments had poorer cell health and adhesion. HNSC in all treatment groups displayed some differentiation markers and morphology, but this is most significant in the 100 ng/ml VEGF/PDGF treatment. VEGF/PDGF combination produced the optimal effect on the HNSCs inducing the differentiation pathway exhibiting oligodendrocytic and neuronal markers. This is a promising finding that should be further investigated in the brain and spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals In Vivo Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Rodent Brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Mei Zhong ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xue-Hua Wen ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Probe ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Intraventricular Administration ◽  
In Vivo Monitoring ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain have a significant level of neurogenesis plasticity. In vivo monitoring of adult endogenous NSCs would be of great benefit to the understanding of the neurogenesis plasticity under normal and pathological conditions. Here we show the feasibility of in vivo targeted MR imaging of endogenous NSCs in adult mouse brain by intraventricular delivery of monoclonal anti-CD15 antibody conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. After intraventricular administration of these nanoparticles, the subpopulation of NSCs in the anterior subventricular zone and the beginning of the rostral migratory stream could be in situ labeled and were in vivo visualized with 7.0-T MR imaging during a period from 1 day to 7 days after the injection. Histology confirmed that the injected targeted nanoparticles were specifically bound to CD15 positive cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Our results suggest that in vivo targeted MR imaging of endogenous neural stem cells in adult rodent brain could be achieved by using anti-CD15-SPIONs as the molecular probe; and this targeting imaging strategy has the advantage of a rapid in vivo monitoring of the subpopulation of endogenous NSCs in adult brains.

Growth factors, stem cells, and stroke

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. E14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haviryaji S. G. Kalluri ◽  
Robert J. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
And Migration

✓ Postischemic neurogenesis has been identified as a compensatory mechanism to repair the damaged brain after stroke. Several factors are released by the ischemic tissue that are responsible for proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural stem cells. An understanding of their roles may allow future therapies based on treatment with such factors. Although damaged cells release a variety of factors, some of them are stimulatory whereas some are inhibitory for neurogenesis. It is interesting to note that factors like insulin-like growth factor–I can induce proliferation in the presence of fibroblast growth factor–2 (FGF-2), and promote differentiation in the absence of FGF-2. Meanwhile, factors like transforming growth factor–β can induce the differentiation of neurons while inhibiting the proliferation of neural stem cells. Therefore, understanding the role of each factor in the process of neurogenesis will help physicians to enhance the endogenous response and improve the clinical outcome after stroke. In this article the authors discuss the role of growth factors and stem cells following stroke.

scholarly journals Endogenous neural stem cells modulate microglia and protect against demyelination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Brousse ◽  
Océane Mercier ◽  
Karine Magalon ◽  
Fabrice Daian ◽  
Pascale Durbec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document