scholarly journals Strategies for Regenerating Striatal Neurons in the Adult Brain by Using Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Nakaguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Masuda ◽  
Naoko Kaneko ◽  
Kazunobu Sawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Currently, there is no effective treatment for the marked neuronal loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) or ischemic stroke. However, recent studies have shown that new neurons are continuously generated by endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain, including the human brain. Because some of these new neurons migrate to the injured striatum and differentiate into mature neurons, such new neurons may be able to replace degenerated neurons and improve or repair neurological deficits. To establish a neuroregenerative therapy using this endogenous system, endogenous regulatory mechanisms that can be co-opted for efficient regenerative interventions must be understood, along with any potential drawbacks. Here, we review current knowledge on the generation of new neurons in the adult brain and discuss their potential for use in replacing striatal neurons lost to neurodegenerative diseases, including HD, and to ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Growth Factors Released from Gelatin Hydrogel Microspheres Increase New Neurons in the Adult Mouse Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Nakaguchi ◽  
Hideo Jinnou ◽  
Naoko Kaneko ◽  
Masato Sawada ◽  
Takao Hikita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Gelatin Hydrogel ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Hydrogel Microspheres ◽  
Brain Tissues

Recent studies have shown that new neurons are continuously generated by endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. Some of these new neurons migrate to injured brain tissues and differentiate into mature neurons, suggesting that such new neurons may be able to replace neurons lost to degenerative disease or injury and improve or repair neurological deficits. Here, we tested whether delivering growth factors via gelatin hydrogel microspheres would support neurogenesis in the SVZ. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-containing microspheres increased the number of new neurons in the SVZ. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-containing microspheres increased the number of new neurons migrating from the SVZ towards the injured striatum in a stroke model in mouse. These results suggest that the strategy of using gelatin hydrogel microspheres to achieve the sustained release of growth factors holds promise for the clinical regeneration of damaged brain tissues from endogenous neural stem cells in the adult SVZ.

scholarly journals In Vivo Targeted MR Imaging of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke

Molecules ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Duan ◽  
Liejing Lu ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaomei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde: Parallels Between Neural Stem Cells and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bakhshinyan ◽  
Neil Savage ◽  
Sabra Khalid Salim ◽  
Chitra Venugopal ◽  
Sheila K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Multipotent Differentiation ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Divergent Behavior ◽  
Genetic Profiles

During embryonic development, radial glial precursor cells give rise to neural lineages, and a small proportion persist in the adult mammalian brain to contribute to long-term neuroplasticity. Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic niches of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). NSCs in the SVZ are endowed with the defining stem cell properties of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, which are maintained by intrinsic cellular programs, and extrinsic cellular and niche-specific interactions. In glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer, a subpopulation of cells termed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit similar stem-like properties. While there is an extensive overlap between NSCs and GSCs in function, distinct genetic profiles, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior. This review highlights the similarities and differences between GSCs and SVZ NSCs in terms of their gene expression, regulatory molecular pathways, niche organization, metabolic programs, and current therapies designed to exploit these differences.

Cellular Niches for Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jordan ◽  
Dengke Ma ◽  
Guo-li Ming ◽  
Hongjun Song
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Monocyte depletion early after stroke promotes neurogenesis from endogenous neural stem cells in adult brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Laterza ◽  
Somsak Wattananit ◽  
Naomi Uoshima ◽  
Ruimin Ge ◽  
Roy Pekny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid Is a Mediator of Fate-Decision of Adult Neural Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lo Van ◽  
Mayssa Hachem ◽  
Michel Lagarde ◽  
Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
The Brain

The mammalian brain is enriched with lipids that serve as energy catalyzers or secondary messengers of essential signaling pathways. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid synthesized de novo at low levels in humans, an endogenous supply from its precursors, and is mainly incorporated from nutrition, an exogeneous supply. Decreased levels of DHA have been reported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Preventing this decrease or supplementing the brain with DHA has been considered as a therapy for the DHA brain deficiency that could be linked with neuronal death or neurodegeneration. The mammalian brain has, however, a mechanism of compensation for loss of neurons in the brain: neurogenesis, the birth of neurons from neural stem cells. In adulthood, neurogenesis is still present, although at a slower rate and with low efficiency, where most of the newly born neurons die. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been shown to require lipids for proper metabolism for proliferation maintenance and neurogenesis induction. Recent studies have focused on the effects of these essential lipids on the neurobiology of NSPCs. This review aimed to introduce the possible use of DHA to impact NSPC fate-decision as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.

Life-Long Neural Stem Cells Are Fate-Specified at an Early Developmental Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 6415-6425
Author(s):  
Aoi Tanaka ◽  
Shohei Ishida ◽  
Takahiro Fuchigami ◽  
Yoshitaka Hayashi ◽  
Anri Kuroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Integration Site ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Cell Cycle Time ◽  
Early Embryonic Stage ◽  
Early Developmental

Abstract The origin and life-long fate of quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain remain largely unknown. A few neural precursor cells in the embryonic brain elongate their cell cycle time and subsequently become quiescent postnatally, suggesting the possibility that life-long NSCs are selected at an early embryonic stage. Here, we utilized a GFP-expressing lentivirus to investigate the fate of progeny from individual lentivirus-infected NSCs by identifying the lentiviral integration site. Our data suggest that NSCs become specified to two or more lineages prior to embryonic day 13.5 in mice: one NSC lineage produces cells only for the cortex and another provides neurons to the olfactory bulb. The majority of neurosphere-forming NSCs in the adult brain are relatively dormant and generate very few cells, if any, in the olfactory bulb or cortex, and this NSC population could serve as a reservoir that is occasionally reactivated later in life.

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