scholarly journals Extensive Introgression among Ancestral mtDNA Lineages: Phylogenetic Relationships of the Utaka within the Lake Malawi Cichlid Flock

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Anseeuw ◽  
Bruno Nevado ◽  
Paul Busselen ◽  
Jos Snoeks ◽  
Erik Verheyen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Lake Malawi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Mtdna Lineages ◽  
Hybridisation Event

We present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Utaka, an informal taxonomic group of cichlid species from Lake Malawi. We analyse both nuclear and mtDNA data from five Utaka species representing two (Copadichromis and Mchenga) of the three genera within Utaka. Within three of the five analysed species we find two very divergent mtDNA lineages. These lineages are widespread and occur sympatrically in conspecific individuals in different areas throughout the lake. In a broader taxonomic context including representatives of the main groups within the Lake Malawi cichlid fauna, we find that one of these lineages clusters within the non-Mbuna mtDNA clade, while the other forms a separate clade stemming from the base of the Malawian cichlid radiation. This second mtDNA lineage was only found in Utaka individuals, mostly within Copadichromis sp. “virginalis kajose” specimens. The nuclear genes analysed, on the other hand, did not show traces of divergence within each species. We suggest that the discrepancy between the mtDNA and the nuclear DNA signatures is best explained by a past hybridisation event by which the mtDNA of another species introgressed into the ancestral Copadichromis sp. “virginalis kajose” gene pool.

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

The problematic phylogenetic analysis of interlocus heteropolymer isozyme characters: a case study from sea snakes and cobras

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2628-2633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Sea Snakes

Multiple cases of parallel advancement (isozyme silencing) of L-lactate dehydrogenase heterotetramer isozymes are encountered when the observed isozyme patterns are superimposed on a well-corroborated cladogram depicting the phylogenetic relationships of some sea snakes, cobras, and coral snakes. This finding may be common among similar data sets because of parallel evolution and the inability to discern transformation sequences. Thus, the utility of this isozyme character in phylogenetic investigations may be severely limited, depending on the taxonomic group or level of universality being investigated.

The genus Nactus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae): a phylogenetic analysis and description of two new species from the Papuan Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1061 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRED KRAUS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Character ◽  
Two New Species

Two new geckos from islands off the southeastern tip of New Guinea are not readily assignable to any currently defined genus but appear closely related to Nactus. The defining features of Nactus, however, have been uncertain because of variation among species assigned to this group, character convergence with other genera, and varying character emphases of different researchers. Moreover, relationships of Nactus to other gekkonine genera are uncertain because of homoplasy among the few characters used to infer higher-level relationships within Gekkoninae. I performed an analysis of phylogenetic relationships of my two new species to members of Nactus using a variety of other gekkonine and diplodactyline genera as outgroups. The results indicate the two new species are derived members of the genus Nactus that have undergone evolutionary reversal of some of the characters previously used to distinguish this genus. A further result of my analyses is that Nactus as currently conceived may prove paraphyletic or polyphyletic because its two most morphologically divergent species fail to cluster with the remaining members of this genus in all analyses. The two new species are herein described as Nactus sphaerodactylodes sp. nov. and Nactus acutus sp. nov. and may readily be distinguished from the other members of the genus by a variety of scalational features.

The first molecular phylogeny of the weevil subfamily Lixinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) casts doubts on the monophyly of its tribes

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5026 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-220
Author(s):  
SEMYON V. VOLOVNIK ◽  
BAZARTSEREN BOLDGIV ◽  
BADAMNYAMBUU IDERZORIG ◽  
LARISA TS. KHOBRAKOVA ◽  
SERGEY V. KOLOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Short Summary

This paper targets the nearly cosmopolitan weevil subfamily Lixinae. A phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA fragments obtained from 87 Lixinae and 49 outgroup terminals strongly supports the monophyly of the subfamily. The molytine tribe Mecysolobini is the likeliest sister group of Lixinae; adults of both taxa share the likely synapomorphic condition of the greatly shortened labial palpi. Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily are poorly resolved. None of three Lixinae tribes is recovered as monophyletic. The subfamily’s oldest dichotomy is formed by a clade of two genera Rhabdorrhynchus plus Pachycerus sister to the rest of the subfamily. The genera Chromonotus, Larinus, Lixus, and Stephanocleonus are recovered as non-monophyletic. The genera Asproparthenis, Chromonotus, and Maximus form a strongly supported clade. The genus Eumecops is the likeliest sister to the clade formed by the genera Stephanocleonus plus Coniocleonus. The cleonine genus Scaphomorphus is a sister to a subset of externally most similar species of the genus Lixus; the same clade likely includes the genus Lixoglyptus not represented in the analysis. As an aside we provide a short summary of active flight in adult Cleonini.  

Molecular Evolution and the Phylogenetic Relationships of the African Toad, Bufo danielae PERRET, 1977 (Salientia : Bufonidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Konrad ◽  
H. Hemmer ◽  
L.R. Maxson ◽  
K. Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation ◽  
Cellogel Electrophoresis ◽  
Toad Bufo

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of the African toad Bufo danielae are investigated using a variety of biochemical approaches. Nuclear DNA content was assayed and compared to representatives of three species groups of African Bufo. Cellogel electrophoresis of plasma proteins was performed and patterns of B. danielae compared with those of representatives of the African B. regularis species complex. Finally microcomplement fixation analyses of albumin relationships of B. danielae and African Bufo were carried out. The strengths of the varied approaches for phylogenetic analysis are discussed. B. danielae appears most closely related to B. maculatus and B. pusillus, it being some 5-6 million years since these species last shared a common gene pool.

A New Species of Physeterostemon (Melastomataceae) from Bahia, Brazil, with Notes on the Phylogeny of the Genus

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
André M. Amorim ◽  
Renato Goldenberg ◽  
Fabián A. Michelangeli
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
A New Species

Physeterostemon thomasii is described from the southern Bahian Atlantic forest of Brazil. It differs from the other two species of the genus by the paleaceous trichomes on young stems and petioles, and by the strongly bullate/foveolate leaves. A phylogenetic analysis with all three species, based on rbcL and ndhF DNA sequence data, showed that Physeterostemon forms a monophyletic group, sister to Eriocnema fulva, and this clade is placed in a polytomy at the base of the tribe Miconieae sensu stricto. However, there is no resolution within Physeterostemon, thus the phylogenetic relationships of the three species cannot be established.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of 'Polyalthia' in Fiji

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Bine Xue ◽  
Yanwen Chen ◽  
Richard M. K. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Changes

The genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) has undergone dramatic taxonomic changes in recent years. Nine Polyalthia species have historically been recognized in Fiji, all of which have subsequently been transferred to three different genera, viz. Goniothalamus, Huberantha and Meiogyne. The transfer of six of these species has received strong molecular phylogenetic support, although the other three species, Polyalthia amoena, P. capillata and P. loriformis [all transferred to Huberantha], have never previously been sampled in a phylogenetic study. We address this shortfall by sampling available herbarium specimens of all three species and integrating the data in a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The resultant phylogeny provides strong support for the transfer of these species to Huberantha. The taxonomic realignment of all nine Fijian species formerly classified in Polyalthia is also clearly demonstrated and supported by the resultant phylogeny. The updated taxonomic treatments of the nine species, a key to the three genera and a key to the Fijian Huberantha species are provided.

Morphological variation and phylogenetic relationships within Eucalyptus series Subulatae (Myrtaceae) of southern Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nicolle ◽  
M. A. Whalen ◽  
D. A. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Morphological variation within Eucalyptus series Subulatae, a group of mallee and woodland tree taxa distributed across southern Australia, was assessed by adult and seedling characteristics. A phenetic study included a total of 51 adult morphological characters and 37 seedling characters, which were assessed for 564 individuals representing 163 populations, covering the broad geographical distribution of the series. All taxa included in the series by either Johnson and Hill (1999) or Brooker (2000) were included together with E. angustissima, E. cooperiana, E. falcata and E. salmonophloia, all of which have been at times included in, or considered closely related to, E. ser. Subulatae. The phenetic analyses indicate that the four subseries of Brooker (2000) are morphologically distinct, although their distinctiveness is only evident from seedling characters. The two subseries that Johnson and Hill (1999) recognise (subser. Flocktonianosae and Transcontinentalosae) corresponding to Brooker’s (2000) subser. Decurrentes, are more weakly defined. Southern populations of E. dolichocera are not considered here to belong to this species but rather to belong to a different subseries based on seedling morphology. A phylogenetic analysis of 44 morphological characters and 23 species of E. ser. Subulatae and 24 species from variously related taxa suggest that E. ser. Subulatae may not be monophyletic. Eucalyptus brockwayi and E. salmonophloia are basal to E. ser. Subulatae and all of the other taxa included in the analysis. Within E. ser. Subulatae, subsers Oleaginae and Spirales are both monophyletic. Both the phylogenetic and phenetic analyses strongly suggest that E. brockwayi is unique in several characters, including some not previously recognised, and is best placed in a monotypic series. The position of E. aspersa remains unresolved, but is probably best retained in E. subser. Decussatae. A key to the subseries of E. ser. Subulatae is presented and putative intersubserial, interserial and intersectional hybrids involving the series are cited.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Aplousobranchia (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane R. Moreno ◽  
Rosana M. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Body Wall Muscles ◽  
Character Matrix

The phylogenetic relationships of genera and families of Aplousobranchia Lahille (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) is reconstructed based on morphological characters - the first comprehensive morphology-based phylogenetic analysis for the Aplousobranchia. Monophyly of Aplousobranchia and its families were tested with samples of 14 families. The final character matrix comprised 47 characters and 41 genera as terminal taxa. Nine equally most parsimonious trees (length 161, CI = 0.5031, RI = 0.7922) were found. Characters describing replication, colony system formation, and branchial walls were the more important in phylogenetic reconstruction. These characters were more useful than others more traditionally used in ascidian taxonomy, such as: body division, position of the heart, gonads and epicardium. Characters not frequently used in phylogenetic analysis, such as body wall muscles, muscles associated with transversal blood vessels and arrangement of the larval papillae, also have phylogenetic information. Results supported monophyly of the Aplousobranchia sensu Lahille, 1887 including only Polycitoridae, Polyclinidae, and Didemnidae. On the other hand, Aplousobranchia including also Cionidae and Diazonidae is not monophyletic since Perophora and Ecteinascidia were included as ingroups in the cladogram, Ciona (now closer to Ascidia) was no longer included in Aplousobranchia and the position of Rhopalaea and Diazona is not resolved. We propose a revised classification based on this phylogenetic analysis, in which Aplousobranchia, with three new families and an indeterminate taxon, now has 15 families.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document