scholarly journals Effect of ISPAD Anaerobic Digestion on Ammonia Volatilization from Soil Applied Swine Manure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan King ◽  
Michael Schwalb ◽  
David Giard ◽  
Joann Whalen ◽  
Suzelle Barrington
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Tunnel Monitoring

Swine manure subjected to in-storage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion (ISPAD) undergoes proteins degradation but limited NH3volatilization, producing an effluent rich in plant-available nitrogen. Accordingly, ISPAD effluent can offer a higher fertilizer value during land application, as compared to manure of similar age stored in an open tank. However, this additional nitrogen can also be lost by volatilization during land application. The objective of this study was therefore to measure NH3volatilization from both ISPAD and open tank swine manures when applied to 5 different soils, namely, washed sand, a Ste Rosalie clay, an Upland sandy loam, a St Bernard loam, and an Ormstown loam. This research was conducted using laboratory wind tunnels simulating land application. The five experimental soils offered similar pH values but different water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, cation saturation, and organic matter. After 47 h of wind tunnel monitoring, the % of total available nitrogen (TAN orNH4 +and NH3) volatilized varied with both manure and soil type. For all soil types, the ISPAD manure consistently lost less NH3as compared to the open tank manure, averaging 53% less. Lower volatile solids content improving manure infiltration into the soil and a more complex ionic solution explain the effect of the ISPAD manure advantages. This was reinforced by the St Bernard sandy loam losing the same nitrogen mass for both manures, because of its higher pH and buffer pH coupled with an intermediate CEC resulting in more soil solution NH3. Within each manure type, % TAN volatilized was highest for washed sand and lowest for the clay soil. As a result, ISPAD manure can offer up to 21% more plant-available nitrogen fertilizer especially when the manure is not incorporated into the soil following its application.

An assessment of the guidelines in Victoria, Australia, for land application of biosolids based on plant-available nitrogen

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Al-Dhumri ◽  
Firew H. Beshah ◽  
Nichola A. Porter ◽  
Barry Meehan ◽  
Roger Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen

In the application of biosolids to land for agricultural purposes, the supply of plant-available nitrogen (PAN) should match the crop requirements. This ensures that the crop yield is maximised while minimising the environmental risk from over-application. In Victoria, the amount to be applied is usually calculated according to the State EPA guidelines using the nitrogen limited biosolids application rates (NLBAR). These guidelines specify the mineralisation rates to be used in the NLBAR calculation for different types of biosolids. However, these rates have not been validated for Victorian soils and agricultural production systems. To test the veracity of these rates, this study quantified the amount of PAN for two different biosolids (anaerobically digested biosolids, ANDB; and aerobically digested biosolids, ADB) added to two types of soils, a sandy loam at Lara and a clay loam at the Melton Recycled Water Plant, Surbiton Park, Melton. The PAN was calculated by determining the N fertiliser equivalence of the biosolids. To achieve this, two field calibration plots were prepared, one for the biosolids and one for urea as the N fertiliser. Biosolids were applied based on total N at six rates (0, 68, 136, 204, 340 and 510 kg N ha–1); urea was applied at six rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 280 kg N ha–1). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was planted 1 day after the application of biosolids and harvested after 120 days. The calculated amount of mineralisable organic N in ANDB was estimated to be 41% and 39% when applied to the clay loam and sandy loam soils, respectively; for ADB, it was 12% and 9%, respectively. These values indicate that the organic N mineralisation rates provided in the EPA Victoria guidelines (15% for ANDB and 25% for ADB) might not always be applicable. Also of note is that the values obtained for the each of the biosolids appear to be independent of the soil type.

The two phase anaerobic digestion process: sludge stabilization and pathogens reduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Huyard ◽  
B. Ferran ◽  
J.-M. Audic
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Solids Content

Regulations for land application of wastewater sludges require the performing of treatment with a high efficiency on pathogens reduction. a reduction of 61% of the Volatile Solids content of the sludge, a reduction of fecal coliform, polio virus and Ascaris egg of 5.5, 4.0 and 2.6 respectively are achieved with a thermmophilic/mesophilic Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion process. According to the EPA 40 CFR 503 regulation, the process produces Class A biosolids and could be recommended as a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Application of Phosphorus-Saturated Gypsum on Soil Phosphorus in a Laboratory Incubation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Grubb ◽  
Joshua M. McGrath ◽  
Chad J. Penn ◽  
Ray B. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Laboratory Incubation ◽  
Agricultural Drainage Ditches ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Filter Structures

Agricultural drainage ditches can deliver high loads of phosphorus (P) to surface water. Installation of filter structures containing P sorbing materials (PSMs), including gypsum, is an emerging practice that has shown promise to reduce these P loads. The objective of this study was to evaluate what effect soil amendment with gypsum would have on soil P concentrations and forms in a laboratory incubation experiment. Gypsum was saturated at two levels with P, and applied to a silt loam and a sandy loam at two rates. The treated soils were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C, and samples were collected on eight dates between 0 and 183 days after amendment. Spent gypsum application did not significantly increase soil water-extractable or Mehlich 3 P when applied at typical agronomic rates. This appears to be a viable strategy to remove P from agricultural drainage waters but does not appear to provide any additional P fertilizer value.

Biosolids recycling: Nitrogen management and soil ecology

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Cogger ◽  
T A Forge ◽  
G H Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Soil Ecology ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen

Biosolids are municipal wastewater treatment solids that meet regulatory standards for land application. Most biosolids are a rich source of N, P, and micronutrients. Although the use of biosolids on food crops remains controversial in the public eye, decades of research have led to the development of regulations for the safe and beneficial use of biosolids in agriculture. Emerging areas of research include biosolids in commercial and home horticulture, the fate of pathogens and organics in biosolids, the use of biosolids in the remediation of contaminated sites, and biosolids effects on soil ecology. Nutrient management remains the most critical day-to-day issue for land application of biosolids. Recent research on plant-available nitrogen (PAN) in biosolids has found that N availability is similar over a range of biosolids processing types, and that growing-season climate is a key factor affecting available N. Regionally based predictions of PAN have been developed for the United States, and could be extended into Canada. Relatively little is known about the effects of biosolids applications on soil ecology, but soil nematodes offer an opportunity to evaluate the structure and function of the soil ecosystem following biosolids applications. We have studied responses of nematode communities to application of municipal biosolids and composts, in forage production systems and orchards. Both types of amendments increased the abundance of enrichment opportunists, for up to 3 yr after single applications. These data on the persistence of increased enrichment opportunists have provided insight into the longevity of amendment-induced enhancement of biological activity and nutrient cycling. Cumulative biosolids applications of 90 Mg ha-1 have caused reductions in abundance of pollutant-sensitive Dorylaimida. The extent to which this change is the result of metal or nutrient loading is unclear and deserves more detailed study. Key words: Biosolids, plant-available nitrogen, soil ecology, nematodes

Comparison of three simple field methods for ammonia volatilization from manure

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Smith ◽  
R. Gordon ◽  
C. Bourque ◽  
A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Field Methods

Land application of swine manure can result in a loss of nitrogen (N) through ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Accurate NH3 loss assessments are essential to support the development of regional and global emission factors and identify best management strategies for reducing losses. The objectives of this study were to simultaneously assess the reliability and applicability of three simple NH3 flux measurement techniques and their effectiveness and usefulness for the measurement of emissions from surface-applied swine manure. Ammonia losses from two chamber systems were compared: (i) static and (ii) wind tunnel chamber, as well as the (iii) micrometeorological theoretical profile shape (TPS) method. A series of field tests was performed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Farm in Harrington, Prince Edward Island (PE) on a sandy loam, stubble field that was surface applied with 100 kg NH4-N ha-1 of liquid swine manure. After application the three NH3 emission techniques were established and measurements were performed over a 5-d period. Ammonia losses from the wind tunnels were comparable with those from the TPS method. The static chambers were found to underestimate NH3 emissions (by ~95–99%), compared with both the wind tunnel and TPS methods. It is therefore recommended that either the TPS or wind tunnel approaches be used to more accurately quantify NH3 losses for field systems. Key words: Ammonia volatilization, flux measurements, swine manure, micrometeorology, static chambers, wind tunnel

Plant-available nitrogen supply from granulated biosolids: implications for land application guidelines

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Eldridge ◽  
K. Y. Chan ◽  
Z. H. Xu ◽  
C. R. Chen ◽  
I. Barchia
Keyword(s):  
Land Application ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Field Incubation ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen

Current State government guidelines attempt to ensure that the supply of plant available nitrogen (PAN) from land-applied biosolids does not exceed the crop’s requirement for mineral nitrogen (N), in order to minimise the risk of excess nitrate contaminating surface and groundwater. In estimating a suitable application rate, current guideline methodology assumes a fixed proportion of the organic N in the biosolids will be mineralised in the first year following the application for all situations. Our study included a field trial and a field incubation study to assess N mineralisation for both a granulated biosolid and a dewatered biosolid product, together with an additional laboratory incubation study for the granulated biosolid product. The application rates were 12, 24, and 48 dry t/ha for the granulated biosolids and 22 dry t/ha for the dewatered biosolids. Our results showed that the guideline procedure underestimated the supply of mineral N from the biosolid-treated soils, with more than 3 times the predicted amount being supplied by the biosolids at all application rates. The excess supply of mineral N was due to a much larger proportion of the biosolid organic N being mineralised than the assumed 25%, as well as a significant contribution of mineral N from the soil itself (which is ignored in the estimation calculation). The proportion of biosolid organic N mineralised in the 12-month field incubation study for the 3 granulated biosolid treatments (12, 24, and 48 dry t/ha) and the dewatered biosolid treatment (22 dry t/ha) were estimated to be 54%, 48%, 45%, and 53%, respectively, in our field incubation study. Both the laboratory and field incubation studies found that most of the biosolid mineralisable organic N was mineralised rapidly during the early stages of the incubation. In the field incubation, the 24 dry t/ha granulated biosolid treatment had 35% of its organic N mineralised within the first 2 months following application, while all granulated biosolid treatments in the laboratory incubations had by, day 29, supplied >50% of the mineral N they would supply for the whole 216-day incubation. This release pattern for the supply of PAN from biosolid organic N should be factored into fertiliser application strategies. Our study reveals some of the shortcomings of the currently recommended ‘one size fits all’ approach for estimating the PAN supply from land-applied biosolids. Further research on the development of an effective rapid assessment for the mineralisable N content in organic wastes and soils, in combination with modelling, may improve our capacity to predict PAN supply from land-applied organic wastes in the future.

scholarly journals Improving the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure through an Optimized Ammonia Treatment: Process Performance, Digestate and Techno-Economic Aspects

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Anna Lymperatou ◽  
Niels B. Rasmussen ◽  
Hariklia N. Gavala ◽  
Ioannis V. Skiadas
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia Soaking ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure fibers has been proposed for overcoming these limitations. In this study, continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure mixed with optimally AAS-treated manure fibers was compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated manure fibers. Due to lab-scale pumping restrictions, the ratio of AAS-optimally treated manure fibers to manure was only 1/3 on a total solids (TS) basis. However, the biogas productivity and methane yield were improved by 17% and 38%, respectively, also confirming the predictions from a simplified 1st order hydrolysis model based on batch experiments. Furthermore, an improved reduction efficiency of major organic components was observed for the digester processing AAS-treated manure fibers compared to the non-treated one (e.g., 42% increased reduction for cellulose fraction). A preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed process showed that mixing raw manure with AAS manure fibers in large-scale digesters could result in a 72% increase of revenue compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated fibers and 135% increase compared to that of solely manure.

scholarly journals Potential mechanisms involving the immobilization of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Nan Guo ◽  
Li-Xia Wang ◽  
Hong-Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Initial Carbon ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aims to investigate the relationship between key physicochemical parameters related to composting process and bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting through regulating different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agent types (straw, green waste). Results showed that higher initial C/N ratio of 20:1 or 25:1 and straw as bulking agent were optimal to reduce the bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr (62.4%, 20.6% and 32.2% reduction, respectively). Redundancy analysis implied that the bioavailability of Cd was significantly associated with total phosphorus and total nitrogen, deducing the formation of phosphate precipitation and biosorption might participated in the reaction process, while that of As and Cr were mainly influenced by organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and OM, CEC, electric conductivity, respectively. A total of 48.5%, 64.6% and 62.2% of Cd, As and Cr redistribution information could be explained by the above parameters. Further correlation analysis revealed that bioavailable As and Cr were negatively correlated with humic acid to fulvic acid ratio. In summary, this study confirms that the mechanisms of phosphate precipitation, biosorption and humification played critical role in reducing Cd, As and Cr bioavailability during swine manure composting.

scholarly journals Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Judith González ◽  
José G. Rosas ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

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