scholarly journals Evaluation of Mammary Cancer in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Wister Rats by Asymmetrical Temperature Distribution Analysis Using Thermography: A Comparison with Serum CEA Levels and Histopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Angeline Kirubha ◽  
M. Anburajan ◽  
B. Venkataraman ◽  
R. Akila ◽  
D. Sharath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Flank Region ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Region Temperature

Animal surface temperature profile captured using infrared camera is helpful for the assessment of physiological responses associated with the regulation of body temperature. Diagnosing breast cancer in early stage itself has a greater effect on the prognosis. In this work, asymmetrical temperature distribution analysis of chemical carcinogen 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced in the lower right flank region of Wistar rats (n=6) was carried out to test the potential of thermography in diagnosing mammary cancer and tumor growth over a period of nine weeks in comparison with histopathology results as standard. Temperature difference between the tumor induced lower right and left side of flank region was significant (withPvalue<0.001), whereas in the abdomen and shoulder there was no significant difference in temperature between right and left sides. Percentage of asymmetrical temperature difference in the tumor induced lower flank region was 0.5 to 2%, whereas in the other regions it was<0.5%. Green pixel distribution in RGB color histogram was asymmetrical in the tumor induced lower flank region. Temperature reduction was observed in the tumor induced region after the seventh day of carcinogen induction. Asymmetrical thermogram analysis is the best method of diagnosing mammary cancer and for studying tumor development.

scholarly journals Fatigue Limit Evaluation of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Based on Temperature Distribution Analysis

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Shaofei Guo ◽  
Xuesong Liu ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
Zhifeng Yan ◽  
Hongyuan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Az31b Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Thermal Indicator ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Thermal Indicators

In this paper, the fatigue limit of AZ31B magnesium alloy is evaluated according to the surface temperature of the specimen during the test. Considering the influence of external heating, a special data-processing method is used to filter the raw temperature data obtained by the infrared camera. A thermal indicator based on the analysis of superficial temperature distribution is described and proposed. In contrast, most existing thermal indicators are calculated based on temperature evolution. Three existing algorithms were used to evaluate the fatigue limit of AZ31B magnesium alloy based on the newly proposed thermal indicator. In addition, the results of the test were used to compare with the results of traditional methods. It has been proved that the fatigue limit of AZ31B magnesium alloy can be assessed by using the new thermal indicator based on temperature distribution.

The Temperature Distribution Analysis of the Large LNG-FSRU

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Wang ◽  
Hongde Qin ◽  
Jing Shen ◽  
Xiuzi Hao
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Hull Structure ◽  
The Mathematical Model

LNG-FSRU (Liquefied Natural Gas-Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) can adopt the structure of double-row cargo tanks. Meanwhile, its heat maintenance system has the characteristics of the special structure, the large temperature difference between inside and outside and the complicated heat transfer process. Aiming at this particular structural form and considering the hull structure and some effect of convection in cavity, this paper establishes the mathematical model and utilizes the finite element method to conduct the deep analysis of ultra-low temperature field in order to obtain its temperature distribution in the ultra-low temperature field. Moreover, the results indicate that the temperature distribution of the double-row-tank structure is linear from the inside out with the relatively uniform overall distribution; the temperature difference above and below the waterline has affects the temperature distribution of the inner shells; the temperature of the middle longitudinal cofferdam zone is relatively lower than that of other areas.

Relapse After Early-Stage, Favorable Hodgkin Lymphoma: Disease Characteristics and Outcomes With Conventional or High-Dose Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Paul J. Bröckelmann ◽  
Horst Müller ◽  
Teresa Guhl ◽  
Karolin Behringer ◽  
Michael Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Second Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Diagnosis

PURPOSE We evaluated disease and treatment characteristics of patients with relapse after risk-adapted first-line treatment of early-stage, favorable, classic Hodgkin lymphoma (ES-HL). We compared second-line therapy with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or conventional chemotherapy (CTx). METHODS We analyzed patients with relapse after ES-HL treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD10+HD13 trials. We compared, by Cox proportional hazards regression, progression-free survival (PFS) after relapse (second PFS) treated with either ASCT or CTx and performed sensitivity analyses with overall survival (OS) from relapse and Kaplan-Meier statistics. RESULTS A total of 174 patients’ disease relapsed after treatment in the HD10 (n = 53) and HD13 (n = 121) trials. Relapse mostly occurred > 12 months after first diagnosis, predominantly with stage I-II disease. Of 172 patients with known second-line therapy, 85 received CTx (49%); 70, ASCT (41%); 11, radiotherapy only (6%); and 4, palliative single agent therapies (2%). CTx was predominantly bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP [68%]), followed by the combination regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (19%), or other regimens (13%). Patients aged > 60 years at relapse had shorter second PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.0; P = .0029) and were mostly treated with CTx (n = 33 of 49; 67%) and rarely with ASCT (n = 8; 16%). After adjustment for age and a disadvantage of ASCT after the more historic HD10 trial, we did not observe a significant difference in the efficacy of CTx versus ASCT for second PFS (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.6; P = .39). In patients in the HD13 trial who were aged ≤ 60 years, the 2-year, second PFS rate was 94.0% with CTx (95% CI, 85.7% to 100%) versus 83.3% with ASCT (95% CI, 71.8% to 94.8%). Additional sensitivity analyses including OS confirmed these observations. CONCLUSION After contemporary treatment of ES-HL, relapse mostly occurred > 12 months after first diagnosis. Polychemotherapy regimens such as BEACOPP are frequently administered and may constitute a reasonable treatment option for selected patients with relapse after ES-HL.

scholarly journals The effect of metabolism on the course of labor and the postpartum period in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00256
Author(s):  
Murat Baimishev ◽  
Sergey Eremin ◽  
Kirill Plemyashov ◽  
Hamidulla Baimishev ◽  
Igor Konopeltsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

The purpose of the research is to determine the etiopathogenesis of reproductive dysfunction in highly productive cows. For this, one group of cows was formed on the principle of paranalogs in the amount of 37 animals inseminated in the first sexual hunt after calving, followed by taking blood samples from them using the Monovet system, considering the duration of pregnancy. During the start-up period, blood was taken 1–4 days before calving and on the first day after calving. A total of 253 blood samples were examined. Subsequently, depending on the effectiveness of insemination, animals were divided into two groups. The first group included inseminated cows after the first insemination (20 animals), the second group included 17 unfertilized cows after the first insemination. Subsequently, blood was taken from animals considering the course of childbirth and the postpartum period. Blood counts were studied according to generally accepted methods using certified equipment. The study found that at an early stage of pregnancy, cows have a significant difference in lipid metabolism and in their peroxidation, in the state of antioxidant systems compared to unstable animals. In the process of pregnancy development in cows, there is a decrease in the level of total lipids and their class, and the accumulation of products of transoxidation of lipids is reduced. In animals with retention of the placenta, a low lipid metabolism and a higher level of peroxidation were established already in the dry period. After calving, this difference increases. The obtained data can be used to develop an algorithm for the prevention of postpartum complications in cows by using substances with antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Age-Related Biology of Early-Stage Operable Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417
Author(s):  
Binafsha M. Syed ◽  
Andrew R. Green ◽  
Emad A. Rakha ◽  
David A.L. Morgan ◽  
Ian O. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

As age advances, breast cancer (BC) tends to change its biological characteristics. This study aimed to explore the natural progression of such changes. The study included 2383 women with clinically T0-2N0-1M0 BC, managed by primary surgery and optimal adjuvant therapy in a dedicated BC facility. Tissue micro-arrays were constructed from their surgical specimens and indirect immunohistochemistry was used for analysis of a large panel (n = 16) of relevant biomarkers. There were significant changes in the pattern of expression of biomarkers related to luminal (oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2), E-cadherin, MUC1, bcl2 CK7/8, CK18 and bcl2) and basal (CK5/6, CK14, p53 and Ki67) phenotypes, lymph node stage, histological grade and pathological size when decade-wise comparison was made (p < 0.05). The ages of 40 years and 70 years appeared to be the milestones marking a change of the pattern. There were significantly higher metastasis free and breast cancer specific survival rates among older women with ER positive tumours while there was no significant difference in the ER negative group according to age. Biological characteristics of BC show a pattern of change with advancing age, where 40 years and 70 years appear as important milestones. The pattern suggests <40 years as the phase with aggressive phenotypes, >70 years as the less aggressive phase and 40–70 years being the transitional phase.

Current measures of distress may not account for what's most important in existential care interventions: Results of the outlook trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-657
Author(s):  
Karen E. Steinhauser ◽  
Karen M. Stechuchak ◽  
Katherine Ramos ◽  
Joseph Winger ◽  
James A. Tulsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Screening For Distress ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

AbstractObjectiveCompare the efficacy of two interventions addressing emotional and existential well-being in early life-limiting illness.MethodPrimary trial analysis (n = 135) included patients with advanced cancer, congestive heart failure, or end-stage renal disease; Arm 1 received the Outlook intervention, addressing issues of life completion and preparation, and Arm 2 received relaxation meditation (RM). Primary outcomes at five weeks (primary endpoint) and seven weeks (secondary): completion and preparation (QUAL-E); secondary outcomes: anxiety (POMS) quality of life (FACT-G) and spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp) subscales of faith, meaning, and peace.ResultsAverage age was 62; 56% were post-high school-educated, 54% were married, 52% white, 44% female, and 70% had a cancer diagnosis. At baseline, participants demonstrated low levels of anxiety (<5 on POMS subscale) and depression (<10 on CESD) relative to population norms. Results of the primary analysis revealed no significant differences in mean Preparation by treatment arm at five weeks (14.4 Outlook vs. 14.8 RM; between-group difference −0.4 [95% CI, −1.6, 0.8], p = 0.49) or seven weeks (15.2 vs.15.4; between-group difference −0.2 [95% CI, −1.5, 1.0], p = 0.73). There were also no significant differences in mean Life Completion by treatment arm between five weeks (26.6 Outlook vs. 26.3 RM; between-group difference 0.2 [95% CI, −1.2, 1.7], p = 0.76) or seven weeks (26.5 vs. 27.5; between-group difference −1.0 [95% CI, −2.7, 0.7], p = 0.23). Compared to RM, Outlook participants did not have significant differences over time in the secondary outcomes of overall quality of life, anxiety, depression, FACT-G subscales, and FACIT-Sp subscales.DiscussionIn early-stage life-limiting illness, Outlook did not demonstrate a significant difference in primary or secondary outcomes relative to RM. Results underscore the importance of pre-screening for distress. Qualitatively, Outlook participants were able to express suppressed emotions, place illness context, reflect on adaptations, and strengthen identity. Screening for distress and identifying specified measures of distress, beyond anxiety and depression, is essential in our ability to adequately assess the multi-dimensional mechanisms that decrease existential suffering.

scholarly journals Organ motion in linac-based SBRT for glottic cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarita Perillo ◽  
Valeria Landoni ◽  
Alessia Farneti ◽  
Giuseppe Sanguineti
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Glottic Cancer ◽  
Organ Motion ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate inter- and intra-fraction organ motion as well as to quantify clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins to be adopted in the stereotactic treatment of early stage glottic cancer. Methods and materials Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to 36 Gy in 3 fractions was administered to 23 patients with early glottic cancer T1N0M0. Patients were irradiated with a volumetric intensity modulated arc technique delivered with 6 MV FFF energy. Each patient underwent a pre-treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to correct the setup based on the thyroid cartilage position. Imaging was repeated if displacement exceeded 2 mm in any direction. CBCT imaging was also performed after each treatment arc as well as at the end of the delivery. Swallowing was allowed only during the beam-off time between arcs. CBCT images were reviewed to evaluate inter- and intra-fraction organ motion. The relationships between selected treatment characteristics, both beam-on and delivery times as well as organ motion were investigated. Results For the population systematic (Ʃ) and random (σ) inter-fraction errors were 0.9, 1.3 and 0.6 mm and 1.1, 1.3 and 0.7 mm in the left-right (X), cranio-caudal (Y) and antero-posterior (Z) directions, respectively. From the analysis of CBCT images acquired after treatment, systematic (Ʃ) and random (σ) intra-fraction errors resulted 0.7, 1.6 and 0.7 mm and 1.0, 1.5 and 0.6 mm in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. Margins calculated from the intra-fraction errors were 2.4, 5.1 and 2.2 mm in the X, Y and Z directions respectively. A statistically significant difference was found for the displacement in the Z direction between patients irradiated with > 2 arcs versus ≤ 2 arcs, (MW test, p = 0.038). When analyzing mean data from CBCT images for the whole treatment, a significant correlation was found between the time of delivery and the three dimensional displacement vector (r = 0.489, p = 0.055), the displacement in the Y direction (r = 0.553, p = 0.026) and the subsequent margins to be adopted (r = 0.626, p = 0.009). Finally, displacements and the subsequent margins to be adopted in Y direction were significantly greater for treatments with more than 2 arcs (MW test p = 0.037 and p = 0.019, respectively). Conclusions In the setting of controlled swallowing during treatment delivery, intra-fraction motion still needs to be taken into account when planning with estimated CTV to PTV margins of 3, 5 and 3 mm in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. Selected treatments may require additional margins.

scholarly journals Early Detection and Dynamic Changes of Circulating Tumor Cells in Transgenic NeuN Transgenic (NTTg) Mice with Spontaneous Breast Tumor Development

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3294
Author(s):  
Wen-Sy Tsai ◽  
Tsung-Fu Hung ◽  
Jia-Yang Chen ◽  
Shu-Huan Huang ◽  
Ying-Chih Chang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Development Methods

Background: This study used NeuN transgenic (NTTg) mice with spontaneous breast tumor development to evaluate the dynamic changes of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) prior to and during tumor development. Methods: In this longitudinal, clinically uninterrupted study, we collected 75 μL of peripheral blood at the age of 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks in the first group of five mice, and at the age of 32 weeks, the time of tumor palpability, and one week after tumor palpability in the second group of four mice. Diluted blood samples were run through a modified mouse-CMx chip to isolate the CTCs. Results: The CTC counts of the first group of mice were low (1 ± 1.6) initially. The average CTC counts were 16 ± 9.5, 29.0 ± 18.2, and 70.0 ± 30.3 cells per 75 μL blood at the age of 32 weeks, the time of tumor palpability, and one week after tumor palpability, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between an increase in CTC levels and tumor vascular density (p-value < 0.01). This correlation was stronger than that between CTC levels and tumor size (p-value = 0.076). The captured CTCs were implanted into a non-tumor-bearing NTTg mouse for xenografting, confirming their viability and tumorigenesis. Conclusion: Serial CTCs during an early stage of tumor progression were quantified and found to be positively correlated with the later tumor vascular density and size. Furthermore, the successful generation of CTC-derived xenografts indicates the tumorigenicity of this early onset CTC population.

scholarly journals POS0140 URATE-LOWERING THERAPY REDUCES NON-EPISODIC FOOT PAIN IN PATIENTS WHO FAIL TO MEET ACR/EULAR 2015 GOUT CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA: AN EFFECT PREDICTED BY ULTRASOUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 282.1-282
Author(s):  
R. Flood ◽  
C. Kirby ◽  
Y. Alammari ◽  
D. Kane ◽  
R. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Background:Emerging evidence that the joints of asymptomatic hyperuricaemic individuals contain monosodium urate (MSU) deposits and that alternative presentations of foot pain occur in hyperuricaemia suggests that preclinical phases may occur prior to a first episodic gout attack. (1) This case–control study evaluates urate deposition in hyperuricaemic individuals not fulfilling the current gout classification criteria, as well as a potential therapeutic role for urate lowering therapy (ULT).Objectives:To investigate whether ULT reduces non-episodic foot pain in patients who fail to meet ACR/EULAR 2015 gout classification criteria.Methods:Following informed consent, hyperuricaemic individuals with persistent, non-episodic foot pain (n=53) not fulfilling ACR/EULAR 2015 gout classification criteria, were compared with asymptomatic hyperuricaemic controls (n=18). Ultrasound (US) of bilateral first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints and features of MSU deposition including double contour (DC) sign, tophus and juxta-articular erosion were recorded. Cases only were treated with febuxostat or allopurinol daily for 6 months. Serum urate, 24-hour and 7-day visual analogue score (VAS) 0–100 mm pain scales and the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) were recorded before treatment and after 3 and 6 months. MTP Ultrasound was repeated after a minimum of 6 months on treatment.Results:53 hyperuricaemic individuals with persistent, non-episodic foot pain not meeting the ACR/EULAR 2015 gout classification criteria were recruited. At baseline MTP US DC sign, erosion and tophus occurred in 62.5%, 20.8% and 49% of cases, respectively. No US features of gout occurred in controls. No significant difference was seen in baseline serum urate between cases (481±14 mg/dL) versus controls (437±14; p=NS). Serum urate in cases fell at 3 months (325±25; p<0.01) and 6 months (248±19; p<0.01). For cases, baseline 24-hour pain VAS (46±3.9) reduced at 3 months (32±4.1; p<0.05) and 6 months (21±5.2; p<0.05) of ULT. The 7-day pain VAS (59±3.9) decreased at 3 months (35±4.5; p<0.05) and 6 months (30±5.3; P<0.05). MFPDI (17±1.4) decreased at 3 month (13±1.8; p=<0.05) and 6 months (11±2.2; p=<0.05). When cases were grouped according to the presence (N=33) or absence (N=18) of DC sign on baseline US, no differences were observed for baseline pain scores. Following ULT however, 24-hour pain VAS were significantly lower in DC positive patients at 3 months (22±4.48 DC positive vs 42±6.14 DC negative; p<0.05) and 6 months (12.±5.4 vs 33±8.4; p<0.05). The 7-day pain VAS were significantly lower in DC positive patients at 3 months (23±4.6 vs 47±6.6; p<0.05) and MFDPI were significantly lower in DC positive patients at 3 months (10±1.9 DC positive vs 19±2.9 DC negative; p<0.05).Conclusion:These findings indicate that persistent, non-episodic foot pain in hyperuricaemia is both associated with US features of MSU deposition and is responsive to ULT. Symptomatic hyperuricaemia occurring prior to episodic gout therefore represents an earlier or alternative disease presentation. Changes to the ACR/ EULAR classification criteria to include non-episodic foot pain in the presence of US features of gout may increase the sensitivity of disease classification at an early stage, leading to improved future treatment strategies and long-term outcomes.References:[1]Stewart S, Dalbeth N, Vandal AC, Rome K. Characteristics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in gout and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: A cross-sectional observational study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2015;8(1):1–8.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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