scholarly journals Pathophysiological Implications of Different Bicuspid Aortic Valve Configurations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Kari ◽  
F. Beyersdorf ◽  
M. Siepe
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Aortic Media ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
The One

There are numerous types of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) configurations. Recent findings suggest that various BAV types represent different pathophysiological substrates on the aortic media level. Data imply that the BAV type is probably not related to location and extent of the aneurysm. However, BAV type is likely linked to the severity of aortic media disease. Some BAVs with raphe seem more aggressive than BAV without a raphe. Cusp fusion pattern, altered hemodynamics, and the qualitative severity of the disease in the aortic media might on the one hand share the same substrate. On the other hand, the aortopathy's longitudinal extent and location may represent a different pathophysiological substrate, probably dictated by the heritable aspects of BAV disease. The exact nature of the relation between BAV type and the aneurysm's location and extent as well as to the risk of aortic complications remains unclear. This paper reviews results of recent human and experimental studies on the significance of BAV types for local aortic media disease and location and extent of the aortopathy. We describe the known and hypothesized hemodynamic and hereditary factors that may result in aortic aneurysm formation in BAV patients.

COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF A LOW-EMISSION BURNER FOR A PERSPECTIVE TURBOJET ENGINE WITH THE COMPRESSION RATIO EXCEEDING 40

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Danilov ◽  
◽  
M. V. Drobysh ◽  
A. N. Dubovitsky ◽  
F. G. Markov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Turbojet Engine ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
The One

Restrictions of emissions for civil aircraft engines, on the one hand, and the need in increasing the engine efficiency, on the other hand, cause difficulties during development of low-emission combustors for such engines.

XXVII.—The Inheritance of Long and Short Wings in the Weevil, Sitona hispidula, with a Discussion of Wing Reduction among Beetles

1928 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Reduction ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Evolutionary Point

It is well known that in many orders of typically winged insects species occur which in the adult stage are apterous or have the wings so reduced in size that flight is impossible. Sometimes the reduction of wings affects one sex only, as in the case of the females of certain moths, but in the majority of cases it is exhibited by both sexes. In many instances wing dimorphism occurs irrespective of sex, one form of the species having fully developed wings and the other greatly reduced wings. In some species the wings are polymorphic. The problem of the origin of reduced wings and of other functionless organs is one of great interest from the evolutionary point of view. Various theories have been advanced in explanation, but in the majority of cases the various aspects of the subject are too little known to warrant discussion. More experimental work is required to show how far environmental conditions on the one hand, and hereditary factors on the other, are responsible for this phenomenon. Those species which exhibit alary dimorphism afford material for the study of the inheritance of the two types of wings, but only in a few cases has this method of research been utilized.

What is the Nature of the Crime of the Delinquent Daughter in Deuteronomy 22:13-21? A Rejoinder to J. Fleishman's Suggestion

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-459
Author(s):  
Meir Malul
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The One

AbstractThe exact nature of the girl's crime in the law of the delinquent daughter in Deut 22:13-21 is examined, starting by a detailed critique of J. Fleishman's previous suggestion in this journal (vol. 58, pp. 191-210) to construe it in the light of the law of cursing the parents in Exod 21:17 and understand it as an innovation and restriction of the latter law. In his view, the girl's sin is tantamount to cursing her parents, which, like the sin of the glatton and drunkard son according to Deut 21: 18-21, meant the undermining of the parents' authority and status, for which both boy and girl deserved the death penalty. In the following critique, it is underlined that the girl's sin is, first, not one of omission but of commission, and, second, it is not against her parents but against her husband, who is also the one to initiate the legal proceedings. A new interpretation is suggested, according to which the girl's crime, defined in v. 21 as an act of and a deed of, consisted not only in concealing her previous loss of virginity from her husband, thus deceiving him and her parents, but also in duping her husband into committing a sin comparable to that of lying with a menstruating, and thus desolate, woman. Being deprived of virginity, and thus of the socially recognized status of a virgin, she became, like Tamar (2 Sam 13:20), “desolate, forlorn”, an unenviable state from which only her seducer/ravisher could redeem her (thus are the sense and goal of the laws of the seduced virgin in Exod 22:15-16 and Deut 22:28-29). Trying to dupe her husband into steping in and performing what custom and law dictated the other man—the seducer/ravisher—should have done, and thus to arrogate to herself a social status she did not deserve, was then tantamount to undermining social structure and striking at the fibers that constituted the essence and integrity of the social community (cf. Prov 30:21-23).

scholarly journals Causal Relationship of Transverse Left Ventricular Band and Bicuspid Aortic Valve

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Dubey ◽  
Avinash Mani ◽  
Vineeta Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Transverse Band ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Relationship Of

Objectives: Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital lesion found in adults. It is can be seen in combination with a transverse left ventricular (LV) band. We aimed to find an essential relationship between the presence of transverse ventricular band and bicuspid aortic valve. Methods: 13 patients with transverse left ventricular band were investigated during a 6 month period from January 2019 to July 2019. LV band thickness and gradients at the site of the LV band were evaluated as part of its effect on LV hemodynamics. Morphology of aortic valve and LV outflow tract gradients were assessed. We aimed to establish the presence of robust LV band as a surrogate marker for bicuspid aortic valve and evaluate the effect of LV band on LV hemodynamics. Results: Mean age of study population was 41yrs. Majority had bicuspid aortic valve(n=11). Average thickness of transverse band was 6.2mm and average mean aortic gradient was4mmHg. Sequestration of blood was noted at the level of transverse band in all the patients with 2 separate jets at LVOT. Anterolateral jet was deflected from transverse band and showed higher velocity in comparison to the other jet, causing turbulence at the bicuspid aortic valve. No co-relation was found between the thickness of transverse band and aortic valve gradient. Conclusion: Presence of a robust transverse LV band can serve as a surrogate marker for bicuspid aortic valve. Keywords: Bicuspid aortic valve ; aortic stenosis

Grice on Irony and Metaphor: Discredited by the Experimental Evidence?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Recent experimental studies appear to discredit Gricean accounts of irony and metaphor. I argue that appearances are decidedly misleading here and that Gricean accounts of these figures of speech are actually confirmed by the studies in question. However, my primary aim is not so much to defend Gricean accounts of irony and metaphor as it is to motivate two related points: one substantive and one methodological. The substantive point concerns something Grice suggests in his brief remarks on irony: that the interpretation of an ironical (vs. metaphorical) utterance requires two distinct applications of second-order theory of mind (ToM). I argue that such a view has considerable explanatory power. It can explain an intuitive contrast between irony and metaphor, some interesting data on the ToM abilities of patients with schizophrenia, and some intuitive similarities between irony on the one hand and hyperbole and meiosis on the other. The methodological point concerns the relationship between the empirical psychologist’s (or experimental philosopher’s) experimental studies and the armchair philosopher’s thought-experiments. I suggest that the credibility of an experimentally supported claim is enhanced when it captures the reflective judgments captured in the armchair philosopher’s thought-experiments.

scholarly journals Parliamentary Voting Procedures: Agenda Control, Manipulation, and Uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 133-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bredereck ◽  
Jiehua Chen ◽  
Rolf Niedermeier ◽  
Toby Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Agenda Control ◽  
Voting Procedures ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
The One ◽  
Amendment Procedure ◽  
Multiple Stages

We study computational problems for two popular parliamentary voting procedures: the amendment procedure and the successive procedure. They work in multiple stages where the result of each stage may influence the result of the next stage. Both procedures proceed according to a given linear order of the alternatives, an agenda. We obtain the following results for both voting procedures: On the one hand, deciding whether one can make a specific alternative win by reporting insincere preferences by the fewest number of voters, the Manipulation problem, or whether there is a suitable ordering of the agenda, the Agenda Control problem, takes polynomial time. On the other hand, our experimental studies with real-world data indicate that most preference profiles cannot be manipulated by only few voters and a successful agenda control is typically impossible. If the voters' preferences are incomplete, then deciding whether an alternative can possibly win is NP-hard for both procedures. Whilst deciding whether an alternative necessarily wins is coNP-hard for the amendment procedure, it is polynomial-time solvable for the successive procedure.

Perceptual opposites and the modulation of contrast in irony

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Canestrari ◽  
Ivana Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intermediate Region ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper proposes a new way of analyzing the contrast between an ironic comment and the referent context by focusing on the structure of the dimension which the contrast belongs to. This new approach was stimulated by previous experimental studies demonstrating that dimensions are perceptually made up of two opposite poles and an intermediate region consisting either of point or range properties. Applying this schema it became clear that, on the one hand what previous evidence-based literature mostly focuses on is the idea that for an ironic meaning to be detected there must be a contrast between two poles or within a pole; on the other hand, that there is room for new investigations concerning whether it is possible to make ironic comments containing poles to refer to intermediate situations (i.e. situations perceived as neither one pole nor the other) or, vice versa, to make ironic comments containing intermediates to refer to polarized situations.

scholarly journals Contributing Factor of Proximal Arch Dilation in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve—Wall Shear Stress or Upward Extension of Ascending Aorta Dilation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. E435-E440
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
En Qiao ◽  
Gang Yin ◽  
Ru-Jiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Bicuspid Aortic Valve ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
The One

Purpose: The dilation of proximal arch (PArc) was suspected to develop as a result of valve-related hemodynamics or in consequence to the upward extension of the ascending aorta (AAo) dilation. We aimed to investigate the one that could be the possible contributing factor in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Methods: All enrolled BAV patients underwent four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging. Contour-averaged circumferential wall shear stress (WSScirc,avg) and the diameter of the middle of AAo (mid-AAo) were compared between the patients with and without PArc dilation. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between WSScirc,avg and aortic diameter at PArc section, as well as the correlation between the diameter of mid-AAo and that of PArc. Results: No significant difference was observed in WSScirc,avg at PArc section between the patients with and without PArc dilation (P = .621). However, the diameter of mid-AAo in the patients who suffered PArc dilation was higher than those without it (P = .007). In addition, the aortic diameter did not correlate with the WSScirc,avg at PArc level (R = -0.068, P = .701). The correlation was observed between PArc diameter and mid-AAo diameter (R = 0.521, P = .002). Conclusion: Hemodynamics may not contribute to the development of PArc dilation. PArc diameter correlated with mid-AAo diameter, indicating PArc dilation may be secondary to the upward extension of AAo dilation. The influence of AAo dilation extending upward could be treated by AAo replacement; hence, a selective approach to transverse PArc replacement might be appropriate.

scholarly journals Encompassing the Horse: Analogy, Category, and Scale in the Yijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-61
Author(s):  
William Matthews
Keyword(s):  
British Journal ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Symbolic Manipulation ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
The One

The canonised Yijing had a decisive influence over the development of so-called “correlative cosmology” in China’s early imperial period, presenting the cosmos as knowable through sixty-four hexagrams and classifiable according to eight trigrams. The exact nature of these correlative categories continues to inspire debate. On the one hand, they appear to be defined relationally, but on the other they purport to describe everything in the cosmos in terms of fixed principles. These apparently discordant properties can be reconciled by paying due attention to the role of scale. This is revealed through a focus on the hexagram images as two distinct but interrelated forms of analogy, as human constructs for symbolic manipulation and as empirical descriptors of cosmic circumstances. Adopting perspectives from cognitive linguistics and anthropology, this symbolic manipulation allows unknown situations to be understood metaphorically via the hexagrams, and then metonymically incorporated into a natural category of cosmic circumstances. This transition between metaphoric and metonymic relations is a function of scale, and is reflected in the Yijing’s correlative categories. These correspond to perceived absolute natural kinds, but maintain a relational character dependant on the salience of metaphorical and metonymic relations at different scales. At time of publication, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.

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