scholarly journals The Molecular Biology of Brain Metastasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazanfar Rahmathulla ◽  
Steven A. Toms ◽  
Robert J. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Location

Metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic cancers. Various crucial interactions between the brain environment and tumor cells take place during the development of the cancer at its new location. The rapid expansion in molecular biology and genetics has advanced our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms involved, from invasion to final colonization of new organ tissues. Understanding the various events occurring at each stage should enable targeted drug delivery and individualized treatments for patients, with better outcomes and fewer side effects. This paper summarizes the principal molecular and genetic mechanisms that underlie the development of brain metastasis (BrM).

scholarly journals Nanotherapeutics in Neuropathologies: Obstacles, Challenges and Recent Advancements in CNS Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Patel ◽  
Vishal Chavda ◽  
Jigar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

: Neurology and associated nanotherapeutics is a complex field in terms of therapeutics and neurological disorder complexity. Brain is an intricate appendage and requires more precise embattled treatment for the particular diseases and hence it’s a broad scale for developing more targeted drug deliveries. The brain is one of the most inaccessible tissues of the body due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus delivery of drugs inside the brain is a striking dare and it is also tricky to treat central nervous system (CNS) complications pharmacologically. The therapeutic aspiration is to accomplish a lowest drug meditation in the brain tissues so as to gain favoured therapeutic results. To devastate this obstacle, nanotechnology is engaged in the field of targeted brain drug delivery and neuropathology targeting. These carriers hold myriad ability as they may augment the drug delivery into the brain by shielding them from degradation and prolonging their transmission in the blood, as well as promoting their transport through the BBB. Nanopharmaceuticals are quickly sprouting as new avenue that is engaged with the drug-loaded nanocarriers to demonstrate unique physicochemical properties and tiny size range for penetrating into the central nervous system. The enchantment behind their therapeutic achievement is the condensed drug dose and inferior toxicity, whereby restricting the therapeutic compound to the specific site. Therefore, in this article we have tried to recapitulate the advances the novel scopes for the brain targeted drug delivery for complex neurological disorders.

Recent Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches using Lipidic and Polymeric Nanocarriers for the management of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhara Lakdawala ◽  
Md Abdur Rashid ◽  
Farhan Jalees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

: Drug delivery to the brain has remained a significant challenge in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which primarily obstructs the access of drugs and biomolecules into the brain. Several methods to overcome the blood-brain barrier have been employed, such as chemical disruption, surgical intervention, focused ultrasound, intranasal delivery and using nanocarriers. Nanocarrier systems remain the method of choice and have shown promising results over the past decade to achieve better drug targeting. Polymeric nanocarriers and lipidic nanoparticles act as a carrier system providing better encapsulation of drugs, site-specific delivery, increased bioavailability and sustained release of drugs. The surface modifications and functionalization of these nanocarrier systems have greatly facilitated targeted drug delivery. The safety and efficacy of these nanocarrier systems have been ascertained by several in vitro and in vivo models. In the present review, we have elaborated on recent developments of nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for Alzheimer's disease, explicitly focusing on polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Macrophages with cellular backpacks for targeted drug delivery to the brain

Biomaterials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia L. Klyachko ◽  
Roberta Polak ◽  
Matthew J. Haney ◽  
Yuling Zhao ◽  
Reginaldo J. Gomes Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Targeted drug delivery to the brain using magnetic nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1145-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louiza Bohn Thomsen ◽  
Maj Schneider Thomsen ◽  
Torben Moos
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Microglia: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Sepsis-Associated Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Lu Yin ◽  
Zhongmin Fan ◽  
Binxiao Su ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Neurological dysfunction, one of the severe manifestations of sepsis in patients, is closely related to increased mortality and long-term complications in intensive care units, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms of these sepsis-induced neurological dysfunctions are elusive. However, it has been well established that microglia, the dominant resident immune cell in the central nervous system, play essential roles in the initiation and development of SAE and chronic pain. Microglia can be activated by inflammatory mediators, adjacent cells and neurotransmitters in the acute phase of sepsis and then induce neuronal dysfunction in the brain. With the spotlight focused on the relationship between microglia and sepsis, a deeper understanding of microglia in SAE and chronic pain can be achieved. More importantly, clarifying the mechanisms of sepsis-associated signaling pathways in microglia would shed new light on treatment strategies for SAE and chronic pain.

scholarly journals Technical Principles and Clinical Workflow of Transcranial MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ying Meng ◽  
Ryan M. Jones ◽  
Benjamin Davidson ◽  
Yuexi Huang ◽  
Christopher B. Pople ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
And Function ◽  
Technical Principles ◽  
The Brain

Transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a rapidly developing technology in neuroscience for manipulating brain structure and function without open surgery. The effectiveness of transcranial MRgFUS for thermoablation is well established, and the technique is actively employed worldwide for movement disorders including essential tremor. A growing number of centers are also investigating the potential of microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound-induced opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for targeted drug delivery to the brain. Here, we provide a technical overview of the principles, clinical workflow, and operator considerations of transcranial MRgFUS procedures for both thermoablation and BBB opening.

Current Nanoparticle Approaches in Nose to Brain Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Ansari ◽  
Ill-Min Chung ◽  
Govindasamy Rajakumar ◽  
Mohammad A. Alzohairy ◽  
Mohammad N. Alomary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

: Nanoparticles (NPs) are unique may be organic or inorganic, play a vital role in the development of drug delivery targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal drug delivery has shown to be an efficient strategy with attractive application for drug delivery to the CNS related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer 's disease and brain solid tumors. Blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers are natural protective hindrances for entry of drug molecules into the CNS. Nanoparticles exhibit excellent intruding capacity for therapeutic agents and overcome protective barriers. By using nanotechnology based NPs targeted, drug delivery can be improved across BBB with discharge drugs in a controlled manner. NPs confer safe from degradation phenomenon. Several kinds of NPs are used for nose to the brain (N2B) enroute, such as lipidemic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic NPs, solid lipid NPs, dendrimers. Among them, popular lipidemic and polymeric NPs are discussed, and their participation in anti-cancer activity has also been highlighted in this review.

Nanotechnology Approaches for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery in the Management of Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi R ◽  
Krishnakumar N Menon ◽  
Sreeja C Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Cns Drug Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder mainly affecting the central nervous system, presented with auditory and visual hallucinations, delusion and withdrawal from society. Abnormal dopamine levels mainly characterise the disease; various theories of neurotransmitters explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The current therapeutic approach deals with the systemic administration of drugs other than the enteral route, altering the neurotransmitter levels within the brain and providing symptomatic relief. Fluid biomarkers help in the early detection of the disease, which would improve the therapeutic efficacy. However, the major challenge faced in CNS drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier. Nanotherapeutic approaches may overcome these limitations, which will improve safety, efficacy, and targeted drug delivery. This review article addresses the main challenges faced in CNS drug delivery and the significance of current therapeutic strategies and nanotherapeutic approaches for a better understanding and enhanced drug delivery to the brain, which improve the quality of life of schizophrenia patients.

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