scholarly journals Adaptability Analysis of Service Facilities in Transfer Subway Stations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Yao ◽  
Lishan Sun ◽  
Wuhong Wang ◽  
Hui Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Service Capability ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Pedestrian Transportation ◽  
Planning And Construction ◽  
Facility Size ◽  
Operation Status

Service capability and matching degree of transfer facilities are directly related to the operational efficiency and safety of a subway station. Owing to differences in planning and construction, the transfer subway stations in developing countries have some defects in facility size and serviceability, which cause a decline in service performance, operation efficiency, and security level. In order to solve the problems, traffic investigations were conducted on the form, size, and operation status of several typical transfer subway facilities. The service facilities were classified within a subway station in this research by considering service objects, service forms, service functions, and several other features. In addition, pedestrian behavior and pedestrian flow characteristics in different service facilities were analyzed in detail. The research results are deemed meaningful for the optimization of service facilities in subway stations and for the development of urban pedestrian transportation systems.

scholarly journals Virus Transmission Risk in Urban Rail Systems: Microscopic Simulation-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Jiali Zhou ◽  
Haris N. Koutsopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
The Impact

The transmission risk of airborne diseases in public transportation systems is a concern. This paper proposes a modified Wells-Riley model for risk analysis in public transportation systems to capture the passenger flow characteristics, including spatial and temporal patterns, in the number of boarding and alighting passengers, and in number of infectors. The model is used to assess overall risk as a function of origin–destination flows, actual operations, and factors such as mask-wearing and ventilation. The model is integrated with a microscopic simulation model of subway operations (SimMETRO). Using actual data from a subway system, a case study explores the impact of different factors on transmission risk, including mask-wearing, ventilation rates, infectiousness levels of disease, and carrier rates. In general, mask-wearing and ventilation are effective under various demand levels, infectiousness levels, and carrier rates. Mask-wearing is more effective in mitigating risks. Impacts from operations and service frequency are also evaluated, emphasizing the importance of maintaining reliable, frequent operations in lowering transmission risks. Risk spatial patterns are also explored, highlighting locations of higher risk.

scholarly journals Characterization of Airborne Bacteria at an Underground Subway Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Dybwad ◽  
Per Einar Granum ◽  
Per Bruheim ◽  
Janet Martha Blatny
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Biological Detection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subway Stations

ABSTRACTThe reliable detection of airborne biological threat agents depends on several factors, including the performance criteria of the detector and its operational environment. One step in improving the detector's performance is to increase our knowledge of the biological aerosol background in potential operational environments. Subway stations are enclosed public environments, which may be regarded as potential targets for incidents involving biological threat agents. In this study, the airborne bacterial community at a subway station in Norway was characterized (concentration level, diversity, and virulence- and survival-associated properties). In addition, a SASS 3100 high-volume air sampler and a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry-based isolate screening procedure was used for these studies. The daytime level of airborne bacteria at the station was higher than the nighttime and outdoor levels, and the relative bacterial spore number was higher in outdoor air than at the station. The bacterial content, particle concentration, and size distribution were stable within each environment throughout the study (May to September 2010). The majority of the airborne bacteria belonged to the generaBacillus,Micrococcus, andStaphylococcus, but a total of 37 different genera were identified in the air. These results suggest that anthropogenic sources are major contributors to airborne bacteria at subway stations and that such airborne communities could harbor virulence- and survival-associated properties of potential relevance for biological detection and surveillance, as well as for public health. Our findings also contribute to the development of realistic testing and evaluation schemes for biological detection/surveillance systems by providing information that can be used to mimic real-life operational airborne environments in controlled aerosol test chambers.

Influence of Ground Structure on the Seismic Response of Underground Subway Station in Soft Site

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2769-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Long ◽  
Guo Xing Chen ◽  
Hai Yang Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Underground Subway Station ◽  
Subway Stations

This paper selected representative soft site along the subway lines and created two-dimensional overall finite element analysis model about nonlinear dynamic interaction among soil, underground subway station, and ground structure based on Nanjing underground subway station. It explored the seismic response influence of neighboring high-rise structure on the two-layer and three-span island-type underground subway stations. The results showed that the structure near the subway station had a significant constraint effect on the deformation of subway station which is oriented to the structure, and the influence of deformation of subway station which is backward to the structure is related to vibration characteristics of the soil-underground structure interaction system. The influence of neighboring ground structure on the strain stress response of subway station is useful in most part of important nodes. However, this influence is disadvantageous in the outer part of connections of side walls and plates and middle plate-interior column connections.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis and Control Factors Based on Excavation of a Large Underground Subway Station under Construction

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Zhien Zhang ◽  
Mingli Huang ◽  
Baohua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Underground Subway Station ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
And Control

Considering the convenience of pedestrian transfer, reasonable structural stress and beautiful shape design, most subway stations adopt symmetrical design. At present, the new subway station is developing in the direction of a multidimensional space, as well as a large scale, and complex structure. Tunnel construction also presents unpredictability, coupling amplification and high risks. For example, a subway extension project involves construction, which would affect the normal use of the subway or damage its structure. Based on excavation of the largest underground subway station under construction in China, the Erligou station extension project (line 16 of Beijing Metro), and using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, monitoring data, and other research methods, this paper quantitatively analyzes the risk of a large space station’s construction process on the adjacent existing station structure and track, as well as highlights key, high-risk sub-projects, or construction steps, combined with specific engineering measures to ensure safety during construction of a new station. The general rules concerning large space subway station construction are further summarized to provide reference for similar projects.

scholarly journals Soft Sensor with Deep Learning for Functional Region Detection in Urban Environments

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3348
Author(s):  
Yicao Ma ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Gang Xue ◽  
Daqing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Functional Region ◽  
Feature Map ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Subway Stations

The rapid development of urbanization has increased traffic pressure and made the identification of urban functional regions a popular research topic. Some studies have used point of interest (POI) data and smart card data (SCD) to conduct subway station classifications; however, the unity of both the model and the dataset limits the prediction results. This paper not only uses SCD and POI data, but also adds Online to Offline (OTO) e-commerce platform data, an application that provides customers with information about different businesses, like the location, the score, the comments, and so on. In this paper, these data are combined to and used to analyze each subway station, considering the diversity of data, and obtain a passenger flow feature map of different stations, the number of different types of POIs within 800 m, and the situation of surrounding OTO stores. This paper proposes a two-stage framework, to identify the functional region of subway stations. In the passenger flow stage, the SCD feature is extracted and converted to a feature map, and a ResNet model is used to get the output of stage 1. In the built environment stage, the POI and OTO features are extracted, and a deep neural network with stacked autoencoders (SAE–DNN) model is used to get the output of stage 2. Finally, the outputs of the two stages are connected and a SoftMax function is used to make the final identification of functional region. We performed experimental testing, and our experimental results show that the framework exhibits good performance and has a certain reference value in the planning of subway stations and their surroundings, contributing to the construction of smart cities.

scholarly journals Research on the Effects of Heterogeneity on Pedestrian Dynamics in Walkway of Subway Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoling Wu ◽  
Zhenzhou Yuan ◽  
Huixuan Li ◽  
Junfang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Positive Effect

The major objective of this paper is to study the effects of heterogeneity on pedestrian dynamics in walkway of subway station. We analyze the observed data of the selected facility and find that walking speed and occupied space were varied in the population. In reality, pedestrians are heterogeneous individuals with different attributes. However, the research on how the heterogeneity affects the pedestrian dynamics in facilities of subway stations is insufficient. The improved floor field model is therefore presented to explore the effects of heterogeneity. Pedestrians are classified into pedestrians walking in pairs, fast pedestrians, and ordinary pedestrians. For convenience, they are denoted asP-pedestrians,F-pedestrians, andO-pedestrians, respectively. The proposed model is validated under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Three pedestrian compositions are simulated to analyze the effects of heterogeneity on pedestrian dynamics. The results show thatP-pedestrians have negative effect andF-pedestrians have positive effect. All of the results in this paper indicate that the capacity of walkway is not a constant value. It changes with different component proportions of heterogeneous pedestrians. The heterogeneity of pedestrian has an important influence on the pedestrian dynamics in the walkway of the subway station.

Solutions for Extracting Air and Smoke in Underground Subway Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Chen ◽  
Lei Chong ◽  
Jian Ru Liang ◽  
Ming Lai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Underground Subway Station ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Underground Station ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Valve Control

Everyday there are about 7 million passengers commuting by subway in Shanghai, China. Although Shanghai has one of the largest subway networks in the world, yet this subway system is still full of passengers during the rush hours. Extracting air and smoke is important part of the station ventilation system which supplies enough fresh air in the crowded station. As we know, the underground subway stations are built in an enclosed space where needs air circulation far more than other type of station. This paper focuses on the designs of duct layout and valve control in an underground subway station. The authors give three solutions to return air and exhaust smoke in the underground station platform area and entrance area. The goal of this paper is to compare these three ventilation solutions in the normal time and in the fire accident. The result of analyzing and applying these solutions are concluded in the paper.

Damage Assessment of Subway Station Columns Subjected to Blast Loadings

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. S. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Column ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Blast Loadings

With the increasing threat of terrorism attack, the probability of explosion inside the subway is very large. Reinforced concrete columns are the main supporting members of subway stations. If the columns of a subway station were subjected to near-field explosions, their damages can affect the safety of the subway after explosion. By using the finite element method, this paper established a coupling “explosive-air-concrete” model and verified the feasibility of the model through experiments. This model can be used in the damage assessment of subway station columns in terms of the bearing capacity, by which the damage of a reinforced concrete column can be divided into different levels. Furthermore, the effect of different parameters on the damage and bearing capacity of the subway station is discussed. The results demonstrate that the stirrup reinforcement ratio of a reinforced concrete is the key factor in determining the column damage under blast loadings. The present study therefore provides a key reference for assessing the damage of subway structures after terrorist attack.

scholarly journals CFD model to assess parameters influencing piston wind in a subway tunnel and station

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
Loreline Faugier ◽  
Benoît G. Marinus ◽  
Walter Bosschaerts ◽  
Delphine Laboureur ◽  
Karim Limam
Keyword(s):  
Subway Station ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Subway Tunnel ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Dynamic Meshing ◽  
Double Track ◽  
Air Circulation

Abstract Quantifying the train-induced wind affecting the climate of subway stations can be applied to improve underground networks air quality. In this paper, numerical simulations of train-induced airflow in a subway station are performed, using a CFD model with dynamic meshing techniques. A preliminary study is done in a double-track tunnel with blockage ratios of 0.30, 0.37 and 0.46 with a train running at constant speed in the order of 10 m/s. The tunnel length necessary to obtain a stable flow around the train body is determined, and this upstream tunnel length is included in a subway station model. Two different architectures and three train speeds are simulated, and the effect of these configurations on the station airflow is evaluated through the air velocity and the mass flow rate at a location on the platform. The results evidence an increase in air circulation with blockage ratio and train speed.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Evacuation Risk Assessment of Subway Station under Large-Scale Sport Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyang Cheng ◽  
Jian Lu ◽  
Yi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Evacuation Risk

Pedestrian evacuation risk of subway stations is an important concern in city management, as it not only endangers public safety but also affects the efficiency of urban subway transportation. Determination of how to effectively evaluate the pedestrian evacuation risk of subway stations is of great significance to improve pedestrian safety. Previous studies about the pedestrian evacuation of subway station were primarily focused on pedestrian moving behaviors and the evacuation modeling, and the evacuation scenario is the regular subway operation. There is a dearth of studies to quantify the pedestrian evacuation risk in the evacuation process, especially the pedestrian evacuation risk quantitative characterization of subway station in large-scale sport activity. The current study develops a quantitative pedestrian evacuation risk assessment model that integrates pedestrian stampede probability and pedestrian casualty. Then several different simulation scenarios based on the social force model (SFM) are simulated to evaluate the pedestrian evacuation risk of the “Olympic Park Station” in Beijing, China. The results demonstrate that the pedestrian evacuation method, pedestrian stampede location, and distance from the stampede location to the ticket gate have a large impact on pedestrian evacuation risk. Then, the pedestrian evacuation scenarios with the lowest and highest risk for the “Olympic Park Station” in large-scale sport activity are determined. The findings have potential applications in pedestrian safety protection of subway station during large-scale sports activity.

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