scholarly journals Research on the Effects of Heterogeneity on Pedestrian Dynamics in Walkway of Subway Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoling Wu ◽  
Zhenzhou Yuan ◽  
Huixuan Li ◽  
Junfang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Subway Stations ◽  
Positive Effect

The major objective of this paper is to study the effects of heterogeneity on pedestrian dynamics in walkway of subway station. We analyze the observed data of the selected facility and find that walking speed and occupied space were varied in the population. In reality, pedestrians are heterogeneous individuals with different attributes. However, the research on how the heterogeneity affects the pedestrian dynamics in facilities of subway stations is insufficient. The improved floor field model is therefore presented to explore the effects of heterogeneity. Pedestrians are classified into pedestrians walking in pairs, fast pedestrians, and ordinary pedestrians. For convenience, they are denoted asP-pedestrians,F-pedestrians, andO-pedestrians, respectively. The proposed model is validated under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Three pedestrian compositions are simulated to analyze the effects of heterogeneity on pedestrian dynamics. The results show thatP-pedestrians have negative effect andF-pedestrians have positive effect. All of the results in this paper indicate that the capacity of walkway is not a constant value. It changes with different component proportions of heterogeneous pedestrians. The heterogeneity of pedestrian has an important influence on the pedestrian dynamics in the walkway of the subway station.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous cellular automata subway station personnel evacuation model based on cooperative behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Jie Zhuang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Yongjiang He ◽  
Runze Song
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Formation Time ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Subway Stations

In order to study the influence of cooperative behavior in the evacuation process of subway station personnel, and considering the heterogeneity of evacuees, the heterogeneous cellular automata method is adopted to establish a human evacuation model of subway station under cooperative behavior based on the floor field model. In the research process, the evacuated persons are divided into two types, which are seeking cooperation and accepting cooperation. Then, the effects of different cooperative behavior probability ratios of seeking cooperative personnel on evacuation efficiency, evacuation process, and evacuation bottleneck are analyzed through simulation. The result shows that cooperative behavior can effectively improve evacuation efficiency of the subway station, but it is limited by cooperative probability and the proportion of people seeking cooperation; Cooperative behavior plays a role in the whole evacuation process, which is mainly reflected in the later stage of evacuation and will promote the gathering of evacuees. The higher the probability of cooperation, the shorter the evacuation bottleneck formation time, the duration, and overall evacuation time, which will help improve the emergency safety of subway stations.

PEDESTRIAN DYNAMICS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL COMPLEX SCENARIO USING A LOCAL VIEW FLOOR FIELD MODEL

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 775-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIA-BEI ZENG ◽  
BIAO LENG ◽  
ZHANG XIONG ◽  
ZHENG QIN
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Convex Polygon ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Global View ◽  
Local View ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Complex Scenario

In this paper, an extended FF model (floor field model) to simulate pedestrian dynamics in complex scenarios is proposed. Considering that pedestrians are unaware of the global view of traffic path, we introduce pedestrians' local views and propose a framework to change a pedestrian's static floor field each time they enter a new convex area. A pedestrian's view is limited to a convex polygon. When they travel from one convex area to another, they make decisions about the next goal according to the distances between them and the candidate goals, as well as densities of capacity and herding behaviors. Meanwhile, after making an initial decision about the next goal, a pedestrian can estimate the travel time to reach each visible goal and change their path adaptively within the convex area. Simulations in two scenarios are conducted and the results show that pedestrians under local views behave more practically than those under global views in complex scenarios. Parameter settings are also discussed along with suggestions that can be given to designers for improving traffic management.

scholarly journals A Modified Floor Field Model Combined with Risk Field for Pedestrian Simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
C Language ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation ◽  
Extended Dynamic ◽  
Repulsion Effect

Microscopic evacuation models are of great value in both scientific research and practical applications. The floor field (FF) model is one of the most widely used models in previous research. However, the repulsion effect of hazard and the interaction between evacuees are not considered simultaneously. This paper proposes a modified floor field model combined with risk field and extended dynamic field to depict these features. The whole evacuation process is validated through a series of numerical simulations which are realized by C++ language. In addition, two different renewal mechanisms, namely, synchronous and asynchronous renewal mechanisms, are compared to validate the model parameters. Results show that the proposed model is able to partly reveal the typical pedestrian behaviors and the impacts of hazard on evacuation process.

A New Floor Field Model for Pedestrian Evacuation Considering Local Density

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1172-1178
Author(s):  
Sheng Nan Li ◽  
Xin Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Potential Field ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Pedestrian Evacuation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Floor Field ◽  
Simulation Results

The behavior of pedestrians around the corner of a room or a corridor is one of the most important features in pedestrian evacuating dynamics. In order to study this in detail, an existing potential field model is modified to capture the pedestrian dynamic around corner by introducing a local density parameter. The local density parameter of a cell is defined as the pedestrian occupancy of the surrounding eight neighbors. Simulations are carried out to study pedestrian evacuation in rooms with corners formed by internal obstacles and walls. The simulation results show that the new model can reproduce the empirical pedestrian dynamics around corner. Pedestrians prefer to walk to lower pedestrian density area although the route may be a little longer. It is also shown that the total evacuation time could be reduced for the evacuation corridor is fully utilized.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

Estimasi Pengaruh Faktor Internal Bank dan Stabilitas Makroekonomi terhadap Profitabilitas dengan Mediasi Rasio Pembiayaan Bermasalah di PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Annisa Siti Fathonah ◽  
Dadang Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Operating Income ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

This study aims to determine and analyze how much influence the bank's internal factors such as Equity, Operational Costs per Operating Income (BOPO), Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF) as a mediator and external or macroeconomic factors namely inflation and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on profitability represented by Return on Assets (ROA) at Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the period 2008-2018. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained from the publication of quarterly financial statements from 2008 to quarter 2 of 2018. The method that used in this research is path analysis with SPSS 20.0 as the analytical tool. The results of the study partially test the hypothesis (t-test), in substructure I shows that the capital variable has a significant negative effect on NPF, BOPO and inflation has a significant positive effect on NPF, FDR and GDP do not significantly influence NPF at Bank Muamalat Indonesia. In substructure II partially, Capital, BOPO, significant negative effect on ROA, FDR and NPF has a significant positive effect on ROA, Inflation and GDP does not significantly influence ROA while simultaneously significantly influencing ROA. Based on the sobel test, capital has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, BOPO has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, FDR has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, Inflation has a significant effect on ROA through NPF, while GDP has no significant effect on ROA through NPF.

Employee Engagement Dan Stress Kerja Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dan Turnover Intention di Aman Villas Nusa Dua – Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-79
Author(s):  
Wayan Arya Paramarta ◽  
Ni Putu Kurnia Darmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The aims of this study was to explain the effect of employee engagement and work stress on job satisfaction and turnover intention at Aman Villas Nusa Dua-Bali. The type of data used in this study is qualitative and quantitative data, with data sources namely primary and secondary data. Data collection method is interview, distributing questionnaires to respondents and library research, while the data analysis technique used Smart PLS 3.2.8. The results of this study showed that employee engagement had a positive effect and significant on job satisfaction, work stress had a negative effect but not significant on job satisfaction, employee engagement had a negative effect and significant on turnover intention, work stress had a positive effect and significant on turnover intention, job satisfaction had a negative effect but not significant on turnover intention, employee engagement had a positive effect but not significant on turnover intention trough job satisfaction, work stress had a positive effect but not significant on turnover intention trough job satisfaction at Aman Villas Nusa Dua-Bali.

The Factors Influencing Tourist Visitations Number in Curug Silawe

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
Novian Hangga Prakosa ◽  
Fafurida Fafurida
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Positive Effect

The purposes of this research are to identify the influence of travel cost, income, distance, access, facilities, natural beautiness, and age on the number of individual visits to Curug Silawe and to estimate the economic value of Curug Silawe through individual travel cost method. The population in this study are tourists that visited Curug Silawe with sample of 98 respondents taken by the quota accidental sampling technique. The data collection method used are literature study and questionnaire. The analysis tool used are OLS linear regression and economic value estimation. The results showed the variables that influence the number of individual visits to Curug Silawe are income, distance and age. Income and age has a positive effect. While distance has a negative effect. The economic value of Curug Silawe reached IDR 1,109,930,140.48 per year. This value is obtained from consumer surplus obtained per individual per year of IDR 308,656.88. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh biaya perjalanan, pendapatan, jarak, akses, fasilitas, keindahan alam, dan usia pada jumlah kunjungan individu ke Curug Silawe dan untuk memperkirakan nilai ekonomi Curug Silawe melalui metode biaya perjalanan individu . Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Curug Silawe dengan sampel 98 responden yang diambil dengan teknik quota accidental sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan kuesioner. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear OLS dan estimasi nilai ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang mempengaruhi jumlah kunjungan individu ke Curug Silawe adalah pendapatan, jarak dan usia. Penghasilan dan usia memiliki efek positif. Sedangkan jarak memiliki efek negatif. Nilai ekonomi Curug Silawe mencapai Rp1.109.930.140,48 per tahun. Nilai ini diperoleh dari surplus konsumen yang diperoleh per individu per tahun sebesar Rp308.656,88.

The depressing (negative) effect of oestradiol benzoate on the in vitro secretion of LH and FSH by the pituitary gland of the LRH-pretreated long-term ovariectomized rat changes into the augmentative (positive) effect after discontinuation of the LRH-pretreatment

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schuiling ◽  
H. Moes ◽  
T. R. Koiter
Keyword(s):  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Perifusion System

Abstract. The effect of pretreatment in vivo with oestradiol benzoate on in vitro secretion of LH and FSH was studied in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats both at the end of a 5-day continuous in vivo pretreatment with LRH and 4-days after cessation of such LRH pretreatment. Rats were on day 0 sc implanted with osmotic minipumps which released LRH at the rate of 250 ng/h. Control rats were implanted with a piece of silicone elastomer with the dimensions of a minipump. On days 2 and 4 the rats were injected with either 3 μg EB or with oil. On day 5 part of the rats were decapitated and the in vitro autonomous (i.e. non-LRH-stimulated) and 'supra-maximally' LRHstimulated release of LH and FSH was studied using a perifusion system. From other rats the minipumps were removed on day 5 and perifusion was performed on day 9. On the 5th day of the in vivo LRH pretreatment the pituitary LH/FSH stores were partially depleted; the pituitaries of the EB-treated rats more so than those of the oil-injected rats. EB alone had no significant effect on the content of the pituitary LH- and FSH stores. On day 9, i.e. 4 days after removal of the minipumps, the pituitary LH and FSH contents had increased in both the oil- and the EB injected rats, but had not yet recovered to control values. In rats not subjected to the 5-days pretreatment with LRH EB had a positive effect on the supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. EB had no effect on the non-stimulated secretion of FSH. After 5 days of in vivo pretreatment with LRH only, the in vitro non-stimulated and supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of both LH and FSH were strongly impaired, the effect correlating well with the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH/FSH stores. In such LRH-pretreated rats EB had on day 5 a negative effect on the (already depressed) LRH-stimulated secretion of LH (not on that of FSH). EB had no effect on the non-stimulated LH/FSH secretion. It could be demonstrated that the negative effect of the combined LRH/EB pretreatment was mainly due to the depressing effect of this treatment on the pituitary LH and FSH stores: the effect of oestradiol on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness (release as related to pituitary gonadotrophin content) remained positive. In LRH-pretreated rats, however, this positive effect of EB was smaller than in rats not pretreated with LRH. Four days after removal of the minipumps there was again a positive effect of EB on the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. The positive effect of EB on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness was as strong as in rats which had not been exposed to exogenous LRH. The non-stimulated secretion of FSH was again not affected by EB. The results demonstrate that the effect of EB on the oestrogen-sensitive components of gonadotrophin secretion consists of two components: an effect on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness proper, and an effect on the pituitary LH/FSH stores. The magnitude of the effect of EB on the LRH-responsiveness is LRH dependent: it is very weak (almost zero) in LRH-pretreated rats, but strong in rats not exposed to LRH as well as in rats of which the LRH-pretreatment was stopped 4 days previously. Similarly, the effect of EB on the pituitary LH and FSH stores is LRH-dependent: in the absence of LRH, EB has no influence on the contents of these stores, but EB can potentiate the depleting effect of LRH on the LH/FSH-stores. Also this effect disappear after cessation of the LRH-pretreatment.

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