scholarly journals Cytotoxic and Antifungal Activities of 5-Hydroxyramulosin, a Compound Produced by an Endophytic Fungus Isolated fromCinnamomum mollisimum

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Santiago ◽  
Chris Fitchett ◽  
Murray H. G. Munro ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Jacinta Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Extract Fraction

An endophytic fungus isolated from the plantCinnamomum mollissimumwas investigated for the bioactivity of its metabolites. The fungus, similar to aPhomasp., was cultured in potato dextrose broth for two weeks, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The crude extract obtained was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Both crude extract and fractions were assayed for cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemic cells and inhibition of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The bioactive extract fraction was purified further and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral and X-ray crystallography analysis. A polyketide compound, 5-hydroxyramulosin, was identified as the constituent of the bioactive fungal extract fraction. This compound inhibited the fungal pathogenAspergillus niger(IC501.56 μg/mL) and was cytotoxic against murine leukemia cells (IC502.10 μg/mL). 5-Hydroxyramulosin was the major compound produced by the endophytic fungus. This research suggests that fungal endophytes are a good source of bioactive metabolites which have potential applications in medicine.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Kaushik ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Hemraj Chhipa ◽  
L. Fernando Julio ◽  
M. Fe Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Linoleate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Botanical and fungal biopesticides, including endophytes, are in high demand given the current restrictive legislations on the use of chemical pesticides. As part of an ongoing search for new biopesticides, a series of fungal endophytes have been isolated from selected medicinal plants including Lauraceae species. In the current study, an extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), with positive results against M. persicae. The chemical study of the neutral fraction of the active hexane extract resulted in the isolation of a triglyceride mixture (m1), eburicol (2), β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in the acid fraction of the extract and in m1 (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic) showed strong dose-dependent antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (potato dextrose broth, PDB and Sabouraud Broth, SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae, with sorghum being the most active. Corn media increased the methyl linoleate content of the extract, pearl millet media increased the oleic acid and sorghum media increased the oleic and linoleic acids compared to rice. The antifeedant effects of these extracts correlated with their content in methyl linoleate and linoleic acid. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against ryegrass, Lolium perenne, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, varied with culture media, with sorghum being non- toxic.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Potential of Crude Extract of Curvularia lunata, an Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Cymbopogon caesius

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Avinash ◽  
H. S. Ashwini ◽  
H. N. Ramesh Babu ◽  
Y. L. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Highly Active

Cymbopogon caesius grass is an aromatic tall grass species which grows in waste field and along the edges of crop fields in Karnataka. From this grass fungal endophytes were isolated on PDA medium and identified as Curvularia lunata. The fungus was cultured on Potato Dextrose broth for production of fungal metabolites. Ethyl acetate extract of the C. lunata was obtained by liquid-liquid partition of broth of endophyte and evaporation. Dried crude extract was tested for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. The extract showed antimicrobial nature against all the test pathogens. Crude extract of C. lunata is highly active against Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition percentage of 92 and Candida albicans with 81 percent inhibition.

scholarly journals Effect of the Histone Methyltransferase Specific Probe BRD4770 on Metabolic Profiling of the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe longicolla

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Hind Nishad ◽  
Arti Singh ◽  
Rajnish Bharti ◽  
Priyanka Prajapati ◽  
Vijay Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Shigella Boydii

The endophytic fungus Diaporthe longicolla was isolated from the stem of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Willd., commonly known as Ashok plant in India and Sri Lanka. Since no reports are available regarding epigenetic modulations by BRD4770 in microbial entities, D. longicolla was treated with different concentrations of BRD4770 for this purpose and evaluated for its antioxidant and antibacterial potential against five human pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Shigella boydii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. The crude extract obtained from cultures treated with 100 nM concentration of BRD4770 showed increased antioxidant activity and inhibition zone against S. aureus and MRSA, compared to the non-treated control. The composition of the non-treated and treated crude extract was analyzed, and induced compounds were identified with the help of Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and LC-ESI-MS/MS. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that berberine (antibacterial)-, caffeine-, and theobromine (antioxidant)-like compounds were induced in the BRD4770-treated crude extract. The presence of particular absorbance at a wavelength of 346.5 nm for berberine, 259.4 nm for caffeine, and 278.4 nm for theobromine in the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of both BRD4770-treated crude metabolites and standard solution of the above compounds strongly supported the increased antibacterial and antioxidant activities that may be due to inducing the alterations in bioactivities of the BRD4770-treated culture.

scholarly journals HPTLC-Based Chemical Profiling: An Approach to Monitor Plant Metabolic Expansion Caused by Fungal Endophytes

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Luis F. Salomé-Abarca ◽  
Cees A. M. J. J. van den Hondel ◽  
Özlem Erol ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer ◽  
Hye Kyong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Colony Size ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Fungal endophytes isolated from two latex bearing species were chosen as models to show their potential to expand their host plant chemical diversity. Thirty-three strains were isolated from Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) and Euphorbia myrsinites (Euphorbiaceae). High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to metabolically profile samples. The selected strains were well clustered in three major groups by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the HPTLC data, and the chemical profiles were strongly correlated with the strains’ colony size. This correlation was confirmed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) modeling using colony size as “Y” variable. Based on the multivariate data analysis of the HPTLC data, the fastest growing strains of each cluster were selected and used for subsequent experiments: co-culturing to investigate interactions between endophytes-phytopathogens, and biotransformation of plant metabolites by endophytes. The strains exhibited a high capacity to fight against fungal pathogens. Moreover, there was an increase in the antifungal activity after being fed with host-plant metabolites. These results suggest that endophytes play a role in plant defense mechanisms either directly or by biotransformation/induction of metabolites. Regarding HPTLC-based metabolomics, it has proved to be a robust approach to monitor the interactions among fungal endophytes, the host plant and potential phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Elena Trujillo ◽  
Sonia A. Olmeda ◽  
Felix Valcarcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1–3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A was not detected under the fermentation conditions used in this work. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal extracts rich in mellein.

Bioactive metabolites from the desert plant-associated endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum (Chaetomiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 112701
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiang-Mei Tan ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Bing-Da Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Desert Plant

scholarly journals Isolation of a Novel Polyketide from Neodidymelliopsis sp.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3235
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Cadelis ◽  
Hugo Gordon ◽  
Alex Grey ◽  
Soeren Geese ◽  
Daniel R. Mulholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products

Fungi have become an invaluable source of bioactive natural products, with more than 5 million species of fungi spanning the globe. Fractionation of crude extract of Neodidymelliopsis sp., led to the isolation of a novel polyketide, (2Z)-cillifuranone (1) and five previously reported natural products, (2E)-cillifuranone (2), taiwapyrone (3), xylariolide D (4), pachybasin (5), and N-(5-hydroxypentyl)acetamide (6). It was discovered that (2Z)-cillifuranone (1) was particularly sensitive to ambient temperature and light resulting in isomerisation to (2E)-cillifuranone (2). Structure elucidation of all the natural products were conducted by NMR spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activity of 2, 3, and 5 were evaluated against a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens. A sodium [1-13C] acetate labelling study was conducted on Neodidymelliopsis sp. and confirmed that pachybasin is biosynthesised through the acetate polyketide pathway.

A Substance Isolated from Cornus officinalis Enhances the Motility of Human Sperm

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen Jeng ◽  
Chao Mei Wu ◽  
Shuen-Jiing Su ◽  
Wen-Chang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Cornus Officinalis ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The effects of a Chinese herb, Cornus officinalis, on the motility of human sperm was studied. An aqueous extract was prepared from the dried fruits of the herb and used in this study. The crude extract at a final concentration of 0.5 μg/μl in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) increased sperm motility from 25.8 ± 7.7% to 42.8 ± 10.3% (i.e. 68% increase, n = 7), as determined by the computer-aided-sperm-analysis (CASA) method. The crude extract was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into four fractions: Cl , C2, C3 and C4. Their effects on sperm motility were further studied by CASA. Only the C4 fraction showed substantial stimulatory effects on sperm motility. At a concentration of 5 ng/μl, C4 increased the sperm motility from 15.7 ± 3.8% to 34.5 ± 6.4% (i.e. 120% increase, n = 6) by CASA and from 14.9 ± 4.3 to 28.5 ± 8.1 (i.e. 91% increase, n = 8) by transmembrane migration ratio (TMMR) method. This result suggests that C4 is the active component in Cornus officinalis that enhances sperm motility.

Optimization of cultural conditions affecting improved bioactive metabolite production by endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2187-2192
Author(s):  
Rashid Rahim Hateet ◽  
Zainab Alag Hassan ◽  
Abdulameer Abdullah Al-Mussawi ◽  
Shaima Rabeea Banoon
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Cultural Conditions

The present study aimed to optimize cultural conditions for optimum bioactive metabolite production by endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum, isolated by surface sterilization method from the leaf of the eucalyptus plant. The fungus was identified based on morphological characterization. Fungal metabolites were carried out by ethyl acetate solvent. The antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571). Various carbon, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature, incubation period, and NaCl on the antibacterial metabolite production were studied. Bioactive metabolite production of T. harzianum exhibits a broad spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity against two strains of bacteria. For the optimum production of bioactive metabolites, Dextrose and Glucose were found to be the best sources of carbon and the best sources of Nitrogen Yeast extract (YE) and (NH4)2SO. The maximum production of bioactive metabolites occurs at pH 7 and 25°C.; the NaCl showed a positive influence on bioactive metabolites.

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