scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Elena Trujillo ◽  
Sonia A. Olmeda ◽  
Felix Valcarcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1–3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A was not detected under the fermentation conditions used in this work. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal extracts rich in mellein.

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viridiana Morales-Sánchez ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Elena Trujillo ◽  
Rubén Muñoz ◽  
A. Sonia Olmeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Endemic Plant

In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus ochraceus SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica) and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1-3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. Additional molecular ions compatible with pyrazynes that were detected during the exponential phase included flavacol, and aspergilliamide while ochramide A was mostly detected during the stationary phase of the fermentation. Moreover, polyketids were also detected during the sationaty phase of the fermentation curve (dihydroaspyrone, aspyrone, asperlactone) and the alkaloid circumdatin H. Ochratoxin A was not detected. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal mellein.

scholarly journals Aphid Antifeedant Fatty Acids from an Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI671

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Kaushik ◽  
Carmen E. Diaz ◽  
Hemraj Chhipa ◽  
L. Fernando Julio ◽  
Maria Fe Andres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Solid Media

Increasing pesticide resistance in plant pathogens is major concern in agriculture production. Research on ecofriendly alternatives of chemical pesticides are more in demand in pesticide industry. In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica). The bioactive components have been characterized following a bioassay-guided isolation against M. persicae. The chemical study of this bioactive extract resulted in the isolation of 1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol (1), eburicol (2), (24R)-stigmast-4-ene-3-one or β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in compound 1 (oleic, linoleic and palmitic) showed strong dose-dependent aphid antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (PDB, and SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae with sorghum being the most active. Corn increased the content in linolenic, pearl millet the oleic and stearic and sorghum oleic and linolenic acids compared to rice. Their antifeedant effects correlated with linoleic /oleic acids. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against Lolium perenne and Lactuca sativa varied with culture media, with sorghum being the least toxic.

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. 16-5B

Marine Drugs ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 3091-3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayue Liu ◽  
Senhua Chen ◽  
Zhaoming Liu ◽  
Yongjun Lu ◽  
Guoping Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Mangrove Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

scholarly journals Cichorin A: a benzo-isochromene from Nypa fruticans endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp.

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon O. Alade ◽  
Jones O. Moody ◽  
Olanrewaju R. Awotona ◽  
Daowan Lai ◽  
Saburi A. Adesanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Isolated Compound ◽  
First Time

Summary Introduction: Similar bioactive metabolites are obtainable from host plants as well as the endophytic fungi residing in them. Objective: The aim of the study is to isolate the major compound(s) from the endophytic fungus residing in Nypa fruticans Wurmb, Arecaceae family. Methods: Purification of the ethyl acetate extract of the isolated endophytic fungus was performed by employing different chromatographic techniques and structural elucidation of the isolated compound was carried out using UV and NMR spectroscopic methods. Results: Cichorin A was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the solid rice cultures of Pestalotiopsis sp., isolated from N. fruticans, collected in Nigeria. Conclusions: This compound is being isolated for the first time from a fungus; it is commonly isolated from the plant Cichorium intybus L. (Compositae).

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Aspergillus Terreus MP15, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Swietenia Macrophylla Leaf

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Olivia Chan Jade Yin ◽  
Darah Ibrahim ◽  
Chong Chai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Gram Positive

Endophytes are important sources for the discovery of bioactive compounds. They are known as potential producers of novel compounds with antimicrobial activity. In this study, it aimed to study the bioactive metabolites present in the ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus MP15 of Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The ethyl acetate extract showed promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive foodborne bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus spizizenii, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) in disc diffusion assay. The extract was then subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) using dichloromethane: methanol (9:1) as a mobile solvent system and eleven spots with diverse polarities were obtained. The TLC chromatogram with bioactive spot was localized with bioautography assay and the result showed that the yellow spot with Rf value of 0.523 exhibited promising antibacterial activity against the four Gram-positive bacteria tested. Upon partial purification of the yellow bioactive fraction using column chromatography, the fraction 2a exhibited promising antibacterial activity. The GC-MS analysis of the yellow fraction 2a resulted in the detection of a major compound, di-n-octyl phthalate with 80% matching factor. Therefore, this compound may largely contribute to the antibacterial activity of the fraction and has potential to be food preservative and as a colorant. These results indicate that endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants could be a potential source for bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Kaushik ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz ◽  
Hemraj Chhipa ◽  
L. Fernando Julio ◽  
M. Fe Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Linoleate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Botanical and fungal biopesticides, including endophytes, are in high demand given the current restrictive legislations on the use of chemical pesticides. As part of an ongoing search for new biopesticides, a series of fungal endophytes have been isolated from selected medicinal plants including Lauraceae species. In the current study, an extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), with positive results against M. persicae. The chemical study of the neutral fraction of the active hexane extract resulted in the isolation of a triglyceride mixture (m1), eburicol (2), β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in the acid fraction of the extract and in m1 (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic) showed strong dose-dependent antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (potato dextrose broth, PDB and Sabouraud Broth, SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae, with sorghum being the most active. Corn media increased the methyl linoleate content of the extract, pearl millet media increased the oleic acid and sorghum media increased the oleic and linoleic acids compared to rice. The antifeedant effects of these extracts correlated with their content in methyl linoleate and linoleic acid. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against ryegrass, Lolium perenne, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, varied with culture media, with sorghum being non- toxic.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Endophytic Fungus (Paraconiothyrium Brasiliense) Through Targeting Pathogenesis Related Dihydropteroate Synthase (DHPS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan ◽  
Kandasamy Saravanakumar ◽  
Mariadoss Arokia Vijay Anand ◽  
M Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Docking Analysis ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Pc3 Cells

Abstract Endophytic fungi are innumerable sources of bioactive metabolites with various biomedical applications. Hence, this study was aimed to isolate and identify the endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense (PB) from the fruit of Capsicum annuum and evaluated their biochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cell viability, and cytotoxicity behavior. Results showed that ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of PE contains flavonoid (31.53 ± 0.9 mg of QE/g of extract) and phenolic (2.59 ± 0.06 mg of GAE/g of extract). The PB-EAE showed significant antioxidant activity in terms of free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, and Fe3+ scavenging. The antioxidant potential of PB-EAE reflects in normal cell viability and anticancer activity against prostate cancer (PC3) cells. The bacterial inhibitory activity of PB-EAE was equal to commercial antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Further, GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of volatile molecules such as o-cymene (CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2), dipentene (C10H16), γ-terpinene (C10H16), 4-carvomenthenol (C10H18O), heneicosane (CH3(CH2)19CH3), 2,5-piperazinedione (C4H6N2O2). Also, molecular docking analysis demonstrated the significant interactions between the compounds of PB-EAE and Dihydropteroate Synthase (Protein ID:5JQ9; DHPS). This study revealed that endophytic P. brasiliense from Capsicum annuum could be a novel source for the isolation of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Identification of Insect-Deterrent Metabolites from Acremonium masseei strain CICY026, a Saprophytic Fungus from a Sinkhole in Yucatán

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Ana L. Ruiz-Jiménez ◽  
Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Gabriela Heredia ◽  
Raúl Tapia-Tussell ◽  
Azucena González-Coloma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Control Insect

Micromycetes from unexplored sources represent an opportunity to discover novel natural products to control insect pests. With this aim, a strain of Acremonium masseei CICY026 isolated from a tropical sinkhole was identified, cultured on fermented rice, and its ethyl acetate extract (EAE) was evaluated against three serious phytophagous insects (Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi). DNA from A. masseei CICY026 was used to confirm its identity. EAE caused settling inhibition (SI) of M. persicae and R. padi (67.5% and 75.3%, respectively). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active EAE led to the isolation of a novel metabolite, named hexahydroacremonintriol (1), and of acremonin A glucoside (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined using IR, one- and two-dimensional NMR, HRMS, and confirmed by theoretical data. The aphid M. persicae was noticeably sensitive to 1 and 2 (SI: 55.6% and 67.2%, respectively), whereas R. padi was only slightly affected by 1 (SI: 59%). This new knowledge about mycobiota from these special sinkhole ecosystems will inform the development of new biorational pesticides.

scholarly journals Exploiting Thrips Aggregation Pheromones to Develop a Lure-and-Kill Strategy for the Management of the Bean Flower Thrips

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
David K. Mfuti ◽  
Amanuel Tamiru ◽  
William D. J. Kirk ◽  
Adeyemi O. Akinyemi ◽  
Heather Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Management Alternative ◽  
Trap Catches

The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor), for their field efficacy. Moreover, compatibility of these pheromones and two other thrips attractants, Lurem-TR and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, with the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 has been determined. Our study revealed that the M. sjostedti aggregation pheromones have dose-dependent antifungal effects on the EPF viability, but showed no fungistatic effect at a field-realistic dose for attraction of thrips. (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate had similar antifungal effects as neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate 8 days after exposure; whereas, Lurem-TR had a stronger antifungal effect than other thrips attractants. In the semi-field experiments, all autoinoculation devices maintained at least 86% viability of M. anisopliae conidia after 12 days of exposure. Field trials demonstrated for the first time that (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate increases trap catches. Our findings pave a way for designing a lure-and-kill thrips management strategy to control bean flower thrips using autoinoculation devices or spot spray application.

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