scholarly journals Meditation-State Functional Connectivity (msFC): Strengthening of the Dorsal Attention Network and Beyond

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Froeliger ◽  
Eric L. Garland ◽  
Rachel V. Kozink ◽  
Leslie A. Modlin ◽  
Nan-Kuei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Meditation Experience

Meditation practice alters intrinsic resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN). However, little is known regarding the effects of meditation on other resting-state networks. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of meditation experience and meditation-state functional connectivity (msFC) on multiple resting-state networks (RSNs). Meditation practitioners (MPs) performed two 5-minute scans, one during rest, one while meditating. A meditation naïve control group (CG) underwent one resting-state scan. Exploratory regression analyses of the relations between years of meditation practice and rsFC and msFC were conducted. During resting-state, MP as compared to CG exhibited greater rsFC within the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN). Among MP, meditation, as compared to rest, strengthened FC between the DAN and DMN and Salience network whereas it decreased FC between the DAN, dorsal medial PFC, and insula. Regression analyses revealed positive correlations between the number of years of meditation experience and msFC between DAN, thalamus, and anterior parietal sulcus, whereas negative correlations between DAN, lateral and superior parietal, and insula. These findings suggest that the practice of meditation strengthens FC within the DAN as well as strengthens the coupling between distributed networks that are involved in attention, self-referential processes, and affective response.

scholarly journals Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Impairment in Children with Perinatal Stroke

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigul Ilves ◽  
Pilvi Ilves ◽  
Rael Laugesaar ◽  
Julius Juurmaa ◽  
Mairi Männamaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Pediatric Stroke ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Perinatal Stroke ◽  
Brain Functions

Perinatal stroke is a leading cause of congenital hemiparesis and neurocognitive deficits in children. Dysfunctions in the large-scale resting-state functional networks may underlie cognitive and behavioral disability in these children. We studied resting-state functional connectivity in patients with perinatal stroke collected from the Estonian Pediatric Stroke Database. Neurodevelopment of children was assessed by the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measurement and the Kaufman Assessment Battery. The study included 36 children (age range 7.6–17.9 years): 10 with periventricular venous infarction (PVI), 7 with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), and 19 controls. There were no differences in severity of hemiparesis between the PVI and AIS groups. A significant increase in default mode network connectivity (FDR 0.1) and lower cognitive functions (p<0.05) were found in children with AIS compared to the controls and the PVI group. The children with PVI had no significant differences in the resting-state networks compared to the controls and their cognitive functions were normal. Our findings demonstrate impairment in cognitive functions and neural network profile in hemiparetic children with AIS compared to children with PVI and controls. Changes in the resting-state networks found in children with AIS could possibly serve as the underlying derangements of cognitive brain functions in these children.

scholarly journals Motor Sequences - Separating The Sequence From The Motor. A longitudinal rsfMRI Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATP Jäger ◽  
JM Huntenburg ◽  
SA Tremblay ◽  
U Schneider ◽  
S Grahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Slow Learning

AbstractIn motor learning, sequence-specificity, i.e. the learning of specific sequential associations, has predominantly been studied using task-based fMRI paradigms. However, offline changes in resting state functional connectivity after sequence-specific motor learning are less well understood. Previous research has established that plastic changes following motor learning can be divided into stages including fast learning, slow learning and retention. A description of how resting state functional connectivity after sequence-specific motor sequence learning (MSL) develops across these stages is missing. This study aimed to identify plastic alterations in whole-brain functional connectivity after learning a complex motor sequence by contrasting an active group who learned a complex sequence with a control group who performed a control task matched for motor execution. Resting state fMRI and behavioural performance were collected in both groups over the course of 5 consecutive training days and at follow-up after 12 days to encompass fast learning, slow learning, overall learning and retention. Between-group interaction analyses showed sequence-specific increases in functional connectivity during fast learning in the sensorimotor territory of the internal segment of right globus pallidus (GPi), and sequence-specific decreases in right supplementary motor area (SMA) in overall learning. We found that connectivity changes in key regions of the motor network including the superior parietal cortex (SPC) and primary motor cortex (M1) were not a result of sequence-specific learning but were instead linked to motor execution. Our study confirms the sequence-specific role of SMA and GPi that has previously been identified in online task-based learning studies in humans and primates, and extends it to resting state network changes after sequence-specific MSL. Finally, our results shed light on a timing-specific plasticity mechanism between GPi and SMA following MSL.

scholarly journals Attention network modulation via tRNS correlates with attention gain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Contò ◽  
Grace Edwards ◽  
Sarah Tyler ◽  
Danielle Parrott ◽  
Emily Grossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Improvement

Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) can enhance vision in the healthy and diseased brain. Yet, the impact of multi-day tRNS on large-scale cortical networks is still unknown. We investigated the impact of tRNS coupled with behavioral training on resting-state functional connectivity and attention. We trained human subjects for 4 consecutive days on two attention tasks, while receiving tRNS over the intraparietal sulci, the middle temporal areas, or Sham stimulation. We measured resting-state functional connectivity of nodes of the dorsal and ventral attention network (DVAN) before and after training. We found a strong behavioral improvement and increased connectivity within the DVAN after parietal stimulation only. Crucially, behavioral improvement positively correlated with connectivity measures. We conclude changes in connectivity are a marker for the enduring effect of tRNS upon behavior. Our results suggest that tRNS has strong potential to augment cognitive capacity in healthy individuals and promote recovery in the neurological population.

scholarly journals Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Ventral Attention Network in Children With a History of Depression or Anxiety

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1326-1336.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Sylvester ◽  
Deanna M. Barch ◽  
Maurizio Corbetta ◽  
Jonathan D. Power ◽  
Bradley L. Schlaggar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

scholarly journals Resting state functional connectivity in early post-anesthesia recovery is characterized by globally reduced anticorrelations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommer Nir ◽  
Yael Jacob ◽  
Kuang-Han Huang ◽  
Arthur E. Schwartz ◽  
Jess W. Brallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

ABSTRACTThough a growing body of literature is addressing the possible longer-term cognitive effects of anesthetics, to date no study has delineated the normal trajectory of neural recovery due to anesthesia alone in older adults. We obtained resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans on 62 healthy human volunteers between ages forty and eighty before, during, and after sevoflurane (general) anesthesia, in the absence of surgery, as part of a larger study on cognitive function post-anesthesia. Resting state networks expression decreased consistently one hour after emergence from anesthesia. This corresponded to a global reduction in anticorrelated functional connectivity post-anesthesia, seen across individual regions-of-interest. Positively correlated functional connectivity remained constant across peri-anesthetic states. All measures returned to baseline 1 day later, with individual regions-of-interest essentially returning to their pre-anesthesia connectivity levels. These results define normal peri-anesthetic changes in resting state connectivity in healthy older adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Sedation with Midazolam on Functional Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Junkai Wang ◽  
Yachao Xu ◽  
Gopikrishna Deshpande ◽  
Kuncheng Li ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
Functional Patterns ◽  
Light Sedation ◽  
The Right

Altered connectivity within and between the resting-state networks (RSNs) brought about by anesthetics that induce altered consciousness remains incompletely understood. It is known that the dorsal attention network (DAN) and its anticorrelations with other RSNs have been implicated in consciousness. However, the role of DAN-related functional patterns in drug-induced sedative effects is less clear. In the current study, we investigated altered functional connectivity of the DAN during midazolam-induced light sedation. In a placebo-controlled and within-subjects experimental study, fourteen healthy volunteers received midazolam or saline with a 1-week interval. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired before and after intravenous drug administration. A multiple region of interest-driven analysis was employed to investigate connectivity within and between RSNs. It was found that functional connectivity was significantly decreased by midazolam injection in two regions located in the left inferior parietal lobule and the left middle temporal area within the DAN as compared with the saline condition. We also identified three clusters in anticorrelation between the DAN and other RSNs for the interaction effect, which included the left medial prefrontal cortex, the right superior temporal gyrus, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Connectivity between all regions and DAN was significantly decreased by midazolam injection. The sensorimotor network was minimally affected. Midazolam decreased functional connectivity of the dorsal attention network. These findings advance the understanding of the neural mechanism of sedation, and such functional patterns might have clinical implications in other medical conditions related to patients with cognitive impairment.

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