scholarly journals Optimization of Post-Tensioned Box Girder Bridges with Special Reference to Use of High-Strength Concrete Using AASHTO LRFD Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Byungik Chang ◽  
Kamal Mirtalaei ◽  
Seungyeol Lee ◽  
Kenneth Leitch
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Box Girder Bridges ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Post Tensioned

With the Federal Highway Administration-mandated implementation of the LRFD specifications, many state departments of transportation (DOTs) have already started implementing LRFD specifications as developed by the AASHTO. Many aspects of the LRFD specifications are being investigated by DOTs and researchers in order for seamless implementation for design and analysis purposes. This paper presents the investigation on several design aspects of post-tensioned box girder bridges designed by LRFD Specifications using conventional or High-Strength Concrete (HSC). A computer spreadsheet application was specifically developed for this investigation. It is capable of analysis, design, and cost evaluation of the superstructure for a cast-in-place post-tensioned box girder bridge. Optimal design of a post-tensioned box girder is achievable by correct selection of design variables. Cost evaluation of superstructures with different geometrical and material configurations has led to the development of optimum design charts for these types of superstructures. Variables used to develop these charts include, among others, span length, section depth, web spacing, tendon profile, and concrete strength. It was observed that HSC enables the achievement of significantly longer span lengths and/or longer web spacing that is not achievable when using normal strength concrete.

scholarly journals Geometric optimization associated with the use of high-strength concrete in viaducts

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
E. V. W. TRENTINI ◽  
C. H. MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Geometric Optimization ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Tensioned

Abstract In Brazil, there is a lack of infrastructure investment in roads, given that they facilitate the transportation of more than half the country’s cargo volume. One of the main variables in road infrastructure is overpass construction and maintenance. Concrete overpasses with post-tensioned I-section beams have been extensively used in Brazil. This study discusses the economic aspects of the use of high-strength concrete (HSC) associated with the geometrical optimization of decks of post-tensioned multi-girder overpasses. Twelve overpass decks were dimensioned and divided into two groups. In Group A the characteristic concrete strength varied, but not the geometrical characteristics of the deck. In Group B, the characteristic strength and the geometrical characteristics of the deck varied. These were the configurations that presented the best results for each group of characteristic concrete strength. It was determined that the use of HSC significantly decreases the reinforcement ratio-especially shear reinforcement. In addition, although the HSC has a higher cost per m3, it is still considered a viable option owing to the reduction in the reinforcement ratio. Lastly, in addition to providing the benefits that are widely commented on in literature, using HSC can also provide more economical overpass structures compared to conventional concrete.

Crack-based serviceability assessment of post-tensioned segmental concrete box-girder bridges

Structures ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1097-1108
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qi He ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Tian Xu ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Zhongguo John Ma
Keyword(s):  
Box Girder Bridges ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Concrete Box Girder ◽  
Concrete Box Girder Bridges ◽  
Post Tensioned

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Torsional Behaviour of Prestressed HSC Hollow Beams

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Bernardo ◽  
Sérgio Lopes ◽  
Mafalda Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Pure Torsion ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Hollow Beams

This article describes an experimental program developed to study the influence of longitudinal prestress on the behaviour of high-strength concrete hollow beams under pure torsion. The pre-cracking, the post-cracking and the ultimate behaviour are analysed. Three tests were carried out on large hollow high-strength concrete beams with similar concrete strength. The variable studied was the level of longitudinal uniform prestress. Some important conclusions on different aspects of the beams’ behaviour are presented. These conclusions, considered important for the design of box bridges, include the influence of the level of prestress in the cracking and ultimate behaviour.

Bond behavior of high strength concrete under reversed pull-out cyclic loading

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Alavi-Fard ◽  
H Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Bond Slip ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Normal Strength

Structures located in seismic zones require significant ductility. It is necessary to examine the bond slip characteristics of high strength concrete under cyclic loading. The cyclic bond of high strength concrete is investigated under different parameters, including load history, confining reinforcement, bar diameter, concrete strength, and the rate of pull out. The bond strength, cracking, and deformation are highly dependent on the bond slip behavior between the rebar and the concrete under cyclic loading. The results of cyclic testing indicate that an increase in cyclic displacement will lead to more severe bond damage. The slope of the bond stress – displacement curve can describe the influence of the rate of loading on the bond strength in a cyclic test. Specimens with steel confinement sustained a greater number of cycles than the specimens without steel confinement. It has been found that the maximum bond strength increases with an increase in concrete strength. Cyclic loading does not affect the bond strength of high strength concrete as long as the cyclic slip is less than the maximum slip for monotonic loading. The behavior of high strength concrete under a cyclic load is slightly different from that of normal strength concrete.Key words: bond, high strength, cyclic loading, bar spacing, loading rate, failure mechanism.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Natural Zeolite and Metakaolin as Partial Alternatives to Cement in Fresh and Hardened High Strength Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iswarya Gowram ◽  
Beulah M ◽  
MR Sudhir ◽  
Mothi Krishna Mohan ◽  
Deekshith Jain
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Strength Concrete

Urbanization and industrialization have dramatically increased the manufacture of cement causing substantial pollution of the environment. The primary global concern related to cement manufacture has been the management of the large carbon footprints. The usages of environmentally friendly cementitious materials in the construction of structures have proved to be a viable option to deal with this environmental concern. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the usage of cementitious materials which can replace cement albeit partially. In this direction of research, two such cementitious materials, namely, natural zeolite and metakaolin have been investigated in this study. High-strength concrete M60 with natural zeolite and metakaolin as the partial replacements for the cement has been prepared in this work. Polycarboxylic ether-based superplasticizer solution has been used to enhance workability. The test specimen cast and cured for 3, 7, 28, 60, and 90 days at ambient room temperature has been tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength as per the Indian standards. The optimum mix of high-strength concrete thus manufactured has met the Indian standards, and the combination of cement +5% natural zeolite +10% metakaolin has exhibited the highest compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 90 days of curing. Natural zeolite and metakaolin when used in smaller proportions have increased the concrete strength, and these materials are recommended for partial replacement of cement.

scholarly journals Cyclical Behavior of Concrete-Encased Composite Frame Joints with High Strength Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zeng ◽  
Zhenkun Cui ◽  
Yunfeng Xiao ◽  
Siqian Jin ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Crack Pattern ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Composite Frame

This paper presents an application of high strength concrete to concrete-encased composite frame building based on an experimental program. The work emphasized joints behavior under reverse cyclic loading caused by earthquakes to provide information for seismic design. To investigate the internal mechanisms and seismic performance, cyclic loading tests were carried out on five half-scale interior joints. Two design variables were addressed in the research: concrete strength and axial column load. Frame joints performance including crack pattern, failure mode, deformation, ductility, strain distribution, and energy dissipation capacity was investigated. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a manner with joint panel shear failure. Using high strength concrete increased the joint strength and had relatively little effect on the stiffness and ductility. The axial column load helped the joint strength by better mobilizing the outer part of the joint, but it had an obvious influence on the ductility and energy-dissipating capacity, which can be improved by providing enough transverse reinforcement. A typical crack pattern was also provided which can well reflect mechanical character and damage process. This research should contribute to the future engineering applications of high strength concrete to concrete-encased composite structure.

scholarly journals High-strength concrete eccentrically compressed elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Anastasia Vasilenko ◽  
Dmitry Chernogorsky ◽  
Dmitry Strakhov ◽  
Leonid Sinyakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Steel Ratio ◽  
Material Cost ◽  
Relative Eccentricity ◽  
Load Characteristics

The article is devoted to the analysis of technical and economic efficiency of application of high-strength concrete (HSC) in the eccentrically compressed columns. In the first part of the paper, the effect of concrete grade on in-creasing the column stiffness depending on steel ratio at different values of the relative eccentricity is considered. According to the results of the calculation, application of HSC is most effective at low values of the relative ec-centricity because increasing the concrete strength leads to more intensive increasing of column stiffness than increasing of steel ratio. In the second part of the paper, the material cost of the 1 linear meter of the column is calculated at the fixed value of column stiffness and application domain of HSC is defined in the case under consideration. In addition, load characteristics providing the efficiency of HSC application in the eccentrically compressed columns are determined.

Loading Process Simulation of GFRP Tube Filled with Steel-Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Columns Subjected to Eccentric Compression

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4203-4206
Author(s):  
Le Zhou ◽  
Hong Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Composite Columns ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Finite Strip Method ◽  
Eccentric Compression ◽  
High Strength Concrete Columns

For the further study of bearing compressive capacity of GFRP tube filled with SHC（steel-reinforced high-strength concrete）columns subjected to eccentric compression, and analysis its whole bearing compressive process under eccentric compression. Based on the flat section assumption finite strip method, the calculating program of bearing eccentric compressive capacity of GFRP tube filled with SHC columns is proposed according to existing retrofit theory and related technical procedures. The relation curves of load-deformation is gotten using this calculating program, at the same time it can get the effect curves of concrete strength, slenderness ratio, eccentricity and containing bone rate to load-deformation. Calculations show that the ultimate bearing compressive capacity of composite column decreases with the increase of slenderness ratio, and elastic stage of component curve gradually shortens and stiffness gradually loses; The ultimate bearing compressive capacity of composite columns decreases with the increase of eccentricity; component ductility improves; the ultimate bearing compressive capacity of composite columns increases with the increase of concrete strength. The calculated results agree well with the experimental results and this study provides a basis for practical design.

scholarly journals Fire Performance of Columns Made of Normal and High Strength Concrete: A Comparative Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gernay
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
The Impact

The use of high strength concrete (HSC) in multi-story buildings has become increasingly popular. Selection of HSC over normal strength concrete (NSC) allows for reducing the dimensions of the columns sections. However, this reduction has consequences on the structural performance in case of fire, as smaller cross sections lead to faster temperature increase in the section core. Besides, HSC experiences higher rates of strength loss with temperature and a higher susceptibility to spalling than NSC. The fire performance of a column can thus be affected by selecting HSC over NSC. This research performs a comparison of the fire performance of HSC and NSC columns, based on numerical simulations by finite element method. The thermal and structural analyses of the columns are conducted with the software SAFIR®. The variation of concrete strength with temperature for the different concrete classes is adopted from Eurocode. Different configurations are compared, including columns with the same load bearing capacity and columns with the same cross section. The relative loss of load bearing capacity during the fire is found to be more pronounced for HSC columns than for NSC columns. The impact on fire resistance rating is discussed. These results suggest that consideration of fire loading limits the opportunities for use of HSC, especially when the objective is to reduce the dimensions of the columns sections.

A Simple Design-Oriented Model for FRP-Confined High-Strength Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Jian Chin Lim ◽  
Togay Ozbakkloglu
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Strength Enhancement ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Test Database

This paper presents a study on the axial compressive behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined high-strength concrete (HSC). A large experimental test database assembled from the published literature was used to investigate and quantify factors influencing the compressive behavior of FRP-confined HSC. The database consisted of 976 test data having unconfined concrete strength ranging from 6.2 to 169.7MPa. Based on the analysis results of the database, it was found that the threshold confinement stiffness increases significantly with an increase in concrete strength, which in turn adversely affects the strength enhancement of confined concrete. It was also observed that the hoop rupture strain of FRP shell decreases with an increase in concrete strength. Existing confinement models that are applicable to FRP-confined HSC were assessed using the database. Finally, a new simple design-oriented model for FRP-confined HSC developed on the basis of the database is presented.

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