scholarly journals Immune Development and Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Pozo-Rubio ◽  
Marta Olivares ◽  
Esther Nova ◽  
Giada De Palma ◽  
Jorge R. Mujico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. The etiology of this disorder is complex, involving both environmental and genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is represented by HLA-DQ genes, which account for approximately 40% of the genetic risk; however, only a small percentage of carriers develop the disease. Gluten is the main environmental factor responsible for the signs and symptoms of the disease, but exposure to gluten does not fully explain the manifestation of CD. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that environmental factors other than gluten might play a role in disease development, including early feeding practices (e.g., breast milkversusformula and duration of breastfeeding), infections, and alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition. Herein, we review what is known about the influence of dietary factors, exposure to infectious agents, and intestinal microbiota composition, particularly in early life, on the risk of developing CD, as well as the possible dietary strategies to induce or increase gluten tolerance.

scholarly journals The Interaction among Microbiota, Immunity, and Genetic and Dietary Factors Is theCondicio Sine Qua NonCeliac Disease Can Develop

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pagliari ◽  
R. Urgesi ◽  
S. Frosali ◽  
M. E. Riccioni ◽  
E. E. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Environmental Trigger

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. This is a complex disorder involving both environmental and immune-genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is determined by HLA-DQ genes. Dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems can conceivably cause impairment of mucosal barrier function and development of localized or systemic inflammatory and autoimmune processes. Exposure to gluten is the main environmental trigger responsible for the signs and symptoms of the disease, but exposure to gluten does not fully explain the manifestation of CD. Thus, both genetic determination and environmental exposure to gluten are necessary for the full manifestation of CD; neither of them is sufficient alone. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that other environmental factors, including infections, alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition, and early feeding practices, might also play a role in disease development. Thus, this interaction is thecondicio sine qua nonceliac disease can develop. The breakdown of the interaction among microbiota, innate immunity, and genetic and dietary factors leads to disruption of homeostasis and inflammation; and tissue damage occurs. Focusing attention on this interaction and its breakdown may allow a better understanding of the CD pathogenesis and lead to novel translational avenues for preventing and treating this widespread disease.

Su1909 Genetic Risk for Crohn's Disease has Little Impact on Intestinal Microbiota Composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S585-S586
Author(s):  
João Sabino ◽  
Sara Vieira-Silva ◽  
Isabelle Cleynen ◽  
Kris Nys ◽  
Kathleen Machiels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota analysis supports inclusion of gluten-free oats to diet of subjects with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Nylund ◽  
Salla Hakkola ◽  
Leo Lahti ◽  
Seppo Salminen ◽  
Baoru Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake

AbstractGluten-related disorders form the umbrella term for all conditions related to gluten ingestion, such as celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). A life-long exclusion of gluten from diet is currently the only effective treatment in remitting the symptoms of these diseases. However, a life-long, strict GFD is challenging to maintain due to social and economic burdens. In addition, it may lead to restricted and nutritionally suboptimal diet. Thus, the possibility of using nutritious and fiber-rich oats would diversify the GFD, improving general palatability, sensory properties such as texture and fiber-content of the diet. Pure oats are being grown and produced following strict agricultural practices to minimize any contamination with other cereals. Indeed, consumption of pure, uncontaminated oats would allow a wider selection of foods for individuals with gluten related disorders. However, the inclusion of oats into GFD is not globally applied yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of oat products on intestinal microbiota composition and activity in subjects with gluten-related disorders. Subjects with CeD (n = 19) or NCGS (n = 10) and healthy volunteers (n = 14) were recruited to the study. Study subjects completed food diaries for four days preceding fecal sample collection. Intestinal microbiota composition was characterized using 16S MiSeq sequencing. The total energy intake was comparable between the study groups. However, NCGS subjects consumed more energy (E %) from protein and less from carbohydrates when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.025 and p = 0.045, respectively). Dietary fiber intake was relatively high in all subjects and no differences were observed between the study groups (p = 0.79). Total microbiota profiles were comparable between CeD, NCGS and healthy controls. In addition, no differences were observed in microbiota richness or diversity between the study groups. Phylum-level microbial abundances exhibited high inter-individual variation, but did not differ between the study groups. To conclude, microbiota markers demonstrated that oat consumption was safe and beneficial for subjects with CeD or NCGS. Oat consumption was shown to enrich available gluten-free diets and to increase dietary fiber intake to the recommended levels.

Decrease in lactobacilli in the intestinal microbiota of celiac children with a gluten-free diet, and selection of potentially probiotic strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Lorenzo Pisarello ◽  
Elisa O. Vintiñi ◽  
Silvia N. González ◽  
Florencia Pagani ◽  
Marcela S. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Probiotic Strains

The intestinal microbiota would be implicated in pathology associated with celiac disease caused by an abnormal immune system reaction against gluten present in cereal grains. The objectives of this work were to detect through basic methods the changes in the composition of the most common genera of bacteria from the intestinal microbiota of symptom-free celiac disease children with a gluten-free diet compared with healthy children from Tucumán and to select lactobacilli (Lb) strains with probiotic potential from the feces of healthy children. Results demonstrated that the feces of celiac children with a gluten-free diet showed significantly lower counts of Lb (P < 0.05) compared with healthy children, while enterobacteria tended to increase in celiac children. On the basis of these results, isolation of some Lb from the feces of healthy children was carried out. Thus, 5 Lb strains were selected because of their high resistance percentages to gastrointestinal tract conditions. In addition, their autoaggregation and hydrophobicity properties were evaluated: Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LC4) showed the highest percentage of autoaggregation while Lactobacillus paracasei (LC9) showed high hydrophobicity. Based on these results, LC4 and LC9 were selected, and their use as potential probiotic strains to improve signs and symptoms associated with celiac disease is discussed. This is the first study performed in Argentina concerning the relationship between intestinal microbiota and celiac disease in celiac children with a gluten-free diet. In addition, the development of a probiotic food addressed towards celiac patients and designed with Lb isolated from the feces of healthy children from our province represents a promising alternative to improve the quality of life of celiac patients.

scholarly journals Celiac disease and HLA-DQ genotype: diagnosis of different genetic risk profiles related to the age in Badajoz, southwestern Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jesús Fernández-Cavada-Pollo ◽  
María Inmaculada Alcalá-Peña ◽  
María Luisa Vargas-Pérez ◽  
Esther Vergara-Prieto ◽  
Isabel Vallcorba-Gómez-del-Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Hla Dq

scholarly journals Dietary strategies of immunomodulation in infants at risk for celiac disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Nova ◽  
Tamara Pozo ◽  
Yolanda Sanz ◽  
Ascensión Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Toxic Peptides

Celiac disease is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine, triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins contained in wheat, barley or rye, in genetically susceptible individuals. This disorder is considered to be mainly mediated by cellular immunity and restricted to the human leucocyte antigen-DQ presentation of gluten-derived toxic peptides to T-cells. Moreover, the involvement of innate immunity has been recently demonstrated to be necessary also for the development of intestinal tissue damage. Genetic susceptibility accounts for an uncertain proportion of the disease risk and gluten introduction works as the precipitating factor. However, currently, the research interest is also focused on environmental factors and gene–environment interactions, especially during the first months of life, which might help explain the onset of the disease. Infectious and dietary factors that could modulate the immune response orientating it either towards tolerance or intolerance/autoimmunity are the focus of primary attention. A significant number of studies have looked into the protective effect of breast-feeding against the disease. It is generally accepted that breast-feeding during the introduction of dietary gluten and increasing the duration of breast-feeding are associated with reduced risk of developing celiac disease. However, it is still not fully established whether breast-feeding truly protects with permanent tolerance acquisition or only reduces the symptoms and delays the diagnosis. Moreover, the timing and dose of gluten introduction also seem to be relevant and long-term prospective cohort studies are being carried out in order to elucidate its role in celiac disease development.

Genetic markers of celiac disease: modern concern

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Nikolayevna Zakharova ◽  
Tatyana Eduardovna Borovik ◽  
Yelena Aleksandrovna Roslavtseva ◽  
Yelena Nikolayevna Kasatkina ◽  
Yuliya Andreyevna Dmitriyeva
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hla Molecules ◽  
Hla Dq2

According to the results of recent scientific studies there is a strong evidence to characterize celiac disease as genetic disorder associated with antigens of major histocompatibility complex (MCH II) HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Different loci of HLA molecules are encoded by specific alleles and their combination determines the individual risk of celiac disease formation. In this article authors discuss data on structure of DQ2 and DQ8 molecules, the frequency of different alleles detection in celiac patients and possible classification of genetic risk of celiac disease formation according to HLA-DQ genotype.

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental and Genetic Factors Linked to Celiac Disease Risk on Infant Gut Colonization by Bacteroides Species

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
pp. 5316-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Sánchez ◽  
Giada De Palma ◽  
Amalia Capilla ◽  
Esther Nova ◽  
Tamara Pozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Genetic Risk ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Milk Feeding

ABSTRACTCeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy involving genetic and environmental factors whose interaction might influence disease risk. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of milk-feeding practices and the HLA-DQ genotype on intestinal colonization ofBacteroidesspecies in infants at risk of CD development. This study included 75 full-term newborns with at least one first-degree relative suffering from CD. Infants were classified according to milk-feeding practice (breast-feeding or formula feeding) and HLA-DQ genotype (high or low genetic risk). Stools were analyzed at 7 days, 1 month, and 4 months by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). TheBacteroidesspecies diversity index was higher in formula-fed infants than in breast-fed infants. Breast-fed infants showed a higher prevalence ofBacteroides uniformisat 1 and 4 months of age, while formula-fed infants had a higher prevalence ofB. intestinalisat all sampling times, ofB. caccaeat 7 days and 4 months, and ofB. plebeiusat 4 months. Infants with high genetic risk showed a higher prevalence ofB. vulgatus, while those with low genetic risk showed a higher prevalence ofB. ovatus,B. plebeius, andB. uniformis. Among breast-fed infants, the prevalence ofB. uniformiswas higher in those with low genetic risk than in those with high genetic risk. Among formula-fed infants, the prevalence ofB. ovatusandB. plebeiuswas increased in those with low genetic risk, while the prevalence ofB. vulgatuswas higher in those with high genetic risk. The results indicate that both the type of milk feeding and the HLA-DQ genotype influence the colonization process ofBacteroidesspecies, and possibly the disease risk.

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