scholarly journals Condensation Dripping Water Detection and Its Control Method from Exhaust Pipe of Gasohol Vehicle under Low Environmental Temperature Conditions: A Case Study in Harbin, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 627131
Author(s):  
Guangdong Tian ◽  
Tiangang Qiang ◽  
Jiangwei Chu ◽  
Guangming Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Water Detection

scholarly journals Zoning Control Technology of Gob-Side Roadway Driving with Small Coal Pillar Facing Mining in a Special Isolated Island Working Face: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10744
Author(s):  
Changliang Han ◽  
Houqiang Yang ◽  
Nong Zhang ◽  
Rijian Deng ◽  
Yuxin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Coal Pillar ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Stability Zone ◽  
Pressure Relief ◽  
Collaborative Control ◽  
Working Face ◽  
Underground Coal Mines ◽  
Engineering Practices

The gob-side roadway in an isolated island working face is a typical representative of a strong mining roadway, which seriously restricts the efficient and safe production of underground coal mines. With the engineering background of the main transportation roadway 1513 (MTR 1513) of the Xinyi Coal Mine, this paper introduces the engineering case of gob-side roadway driving with small coal-pillar facing mining in an isolated island working face under the alternate mining of wide and narrow working faces. Through comprehensive research methods, we studied zoning disturbance deformation characteristics and stress evolution law of gob-side roadway driving under face mining. Based on the characteristics of zoning disturbance, MTR 1513 is divided into three zones, which are the heading face mining zone, the mining influenced zone, and the mining stability zone. A collaborative control technology using pressure relief and anchoring is proposed, and the differentiated control method is formed for the three zones. For the heading face mining zone, the control method of anchoring first and then pressure relief is adopted; for the mining influenced zone, the control idea of synchronous coordination of pressure relief and anchorage is adopted; for the mining stability zone, the control method of anchoring without pressure relief is adopted. Engineering practices show that the disturbance influence distance of working face 1511 on MTR 1513 changes from 110 m advanced to 175 m delay. At this time, the surrounding rock deformation is effectively controlled, which verified the rationality of the division and the feasibility of three zoning control technology. The research results can provide reference for gob-side roadway driving with small coal pillar facing mining in a special isolated island working face.

scholarly journals Social democratic representation and welfare spending: a quantitative case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Henning Finseraas
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Quantitative Case Study

AbstractThe welfare state literature argues that Social Democratic party representation is of key importance for welfare state outcomes. However, few papers are able to separate the influence of parties from voter preferences, which implies that the partisan effects will be overstated. I study a natural experiment to identify a partisan effect. In 1995, the Labour Party (Ap) in the Norwegian municipality of Flå filed their candidate list too late and could not participate in the local election. Ap was the largest party in Flå in the entire post-World War period, but have not regained this position. I use the synthetic control method to study the effects on welfare spending priorities. I find small and insignificant partisan effects.

scholarly journals Deformation Characteristics and Control Method of Kilometer-Depth Roadways in a Nickel Mine: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3937
Author(s):  
Guang Li ◽  
Fengshan Ma ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Haijun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Zonal Disintegration ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Ground Stress

Deformation failure and support methods of roadways have always been critical issues in mining production and safety, especially for roadways buried in complex engineering geological conditions. To resolve these support issues of kilometer-depth roadways under high ground stress and broken rock mass, a case study on the roadways in the No. 2 mining area of Jinchuan Mine, China, is presented in this paper. Based on a detailed field survey, the deformation characteristics of the roadways and failure modes of supporting structures were investigated. It was found that the horizontal deformations were serious, and the primary support was not able to control the surrounding rock well. Additionally, a broken rock zone test was carried out, which indicated that a zonal disintegration phenomenon occurred around the roadways and the maximum depth of the fractured zone was more than 4.8 m. In order to effectively limit the deformation in the roadways, a new support scheme called the “multistage anchorage + concrete-filled steel tube” was put forward. To further assess the support behavior of the new method, we selected a test roadway in the research area, and numerical simulations and in-situ monitoring were conducted. The findings suggest that the roadway’s serious deformation under high ground stress and broken rock mass could be successfully controlled by the new control method, which can provide a reference for other engineering solutions under similar geological conditions.

scholarly journals Symmetric Deflection of CFRP-Based Polymeric Laminate

2011 ◽  
Vol 2-3 ◽  
pp. 966-971
Author(s):  
Wen Yi Lin ◽  
Minoru Sasaki ◽  
Hirohisa Tamagawa
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Laminate Structure ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Soft Actuators

Unlike well-investigated polymer-based soft actuators such as gel, Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite, conducting polymer, a CFRP-based polymeric laminate possesses quite distinguished properties. It was previously reported that a CFRP-PVC laminate exhibited two-way deflection in accordance with environmental temperature, but it was asymmetric deflection due to the asymmetric laminate structure. In this study, we successfully fabricated a new CFRP-based polymeric laminate which can exhibit symmetric deflection. Despite such a successful outcome, there was large room to improve the degree of its deflection. Improvement of temperature control method for the newly fabricated CFRP-based polymeric laminate resulted in enhancement of the degree of its deflection.

scholarly journals Study on Valve Strategy and Fuel Benefits of Skip Fire Based on Electromagnetic Valve Train

2018 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Maoyang Hu ◽  
Siqin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Firing Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Electromagnetic Valve ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure

Cylinder deactivation (CDA) is a fuel consumption reduction technology for gasoline engines. Skip fire is a new type of CDA because the load and the density of firing cylinder are in proportion to the torque demand. However, it is difficult to realize because valves need to be switched between valve deactivation and normal operation stroke by stroke. The Electromagnetic valve train (EMVT) provides a fully flexible control method to achieve skip fire. In the paper, a new skip fire strategy based on electromagnetic intake valve train (EMIV) is proposed. Then, the oxygen concentration of the exhaust pipe, energy losses, in-cylinder pressure of the skipped cycle and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate of the firing cycle are studied by the 1D simulation in GT-Power. The results shows the majority of gas sucked into the skipped cylinder is exhaust gas by reasonable control of IVO and IVC, and the exhaust oxygen-rich can be avoided. Meanwhile, EGR rate of the firing cylinder and energy losses of the skipped cylinder are maintained at lower level. At the conditions of 1200 and 1600 rpm, fuel economy has been improved respectively 8.1%-16.6% and 6.4%-14.6% when the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) ranges from 0.4MPa to 0.2MPa.

scholarly journals Development of a Pull Production Control Method for ETO Companies and Simulation for the Metallurgical Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gejo García ◽  
Sergio Gallego-García ◽  
Manuel García-García
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Engineer To Order ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

At the moment, many engineer-to-order manufacturers are under pressure, the overcapacity in many sectors erodes prices and many companies, especially in Europe have gone into recent years in bankruptcy. Due to the increasing competition as well as the new customer requirements, the internal processes of an ETO company play an essential role in order to achieve a unique selling proposition (USP). Therefore this paper exposes how the production planning and control of an engineer-to-order manufacturer can be designed in order to increase its OTD (order-to-delivery) rate as well as decrease the WIP (work-in-progress) and the production lead times. To prove the optimized planning logic, it was applied in a simulation case study and based on the results; the conclusions about its potential are derived.

Can owls be used to monitor the impacts of urbanisation? A cautionary tale of variable detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylene Cooke ◽  
Hannah Grant ◽  
Isabel Ebsworth ◽  
Anthony R. Rendall ◽  
Bronwyn Isaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Detection Probabilities ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Time Of Year

Context Due to their important ecological roles, predators are increasingly being suggested as targets for biodiversity studies investigating how they respond to landscape change and transformation. But there is limited literature investigating our capacity to accurately monitor changes in their occupancy. Aims To test the efficacy of playback surveys for monitoring owls as a basis for investigating change in owl occupancy over time. We ask whether playback is an effective tool, and whether it can be optimised to improve its utility. Methods Using the urban–forest interface of Melbourne, Australia, as a case study, we used playback techniques to survey for the presence of three owl species: the powerful owl (Ninox strenua); southern boobook (Ninox boobook); and eastern barn owl (Tyto javanica). Sites were repeat surveyed at least 16 times throughout the year and occupancy models were developed to establish how season and temperature influence nightly detection probabilities of owls. Key results All three species of owl were detected through playback survey approaches, but the detection probabilities varied greatly between species and across seasons and temperature conditions. Eastern barn owls are poor candidates for playback surveys due to their low detection probabilities. The southern boobook and powerful owl are responsive to playback, but detection probabilities are influenced by season and/or temperature conditions. To optimise survey approaches, southern boobooks should be surveyed during spring and summer and the powerful owl should be surveyed on nights where the minimum temperature is near 20°C. Conclusions Although there is considerable interest in using predators such as owls to monitor biodiversity impacts associated with landscape change, poor detection rates can limit their utility. However, optimising survey approaches that consider shifting detection probabilities under different conditions such as time of year or temperature may improve the utility of predators as surrogates in biodiversity monitoring. Implications Optimising survey approaches for owls considerably reduces the window of opportunity in which to conduct surveys. To counter this, the intensity of survey effort needs to be increased during key periods. The use of highly trained citizen science teams may be one effective way of delivering such an approach.

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