scholarly journals Acoustic Repertoire of the Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius syrichta fraterculus) and Individual Variation of Long-Distance Calls

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milada Řeháková-Petrů ◽  
Richard Policht ◽  
Lubomír Peške
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Communication ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Vocal Repertoire ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Distress Call ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Solitary Living ◽  
Species Taxonomy

We present the spectrographic description of the vocal repertoire of the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta fraterculus), a solitary living nocturnal primate for which a very limited information about acoustic communication exists to date. The majority of vocalizations were performed around sunset and, less frequently, at sunrise. We identified eight call types. Five calls recorded during communication between adults included three long-distance calls—loud call, smack-whistle, and whistle—then a soft locust-like chirp and a bird-like trill. Two other calls—cheep and twitter—were recorded during mother-infant communication. One distress call was emitted by adults during handling. All calls were performed in the 9752 Hz to more than 22 kHz frequency range. This study provides the first evidence of individual variation in the long-distance calls performed by tarsiers. Moreover, our study provides a basis for future comparison within as well as between tarsier species taxonomy. Bioacoustic methods can be used in monitoring of these cryptic species and determining their distribution range. Thus, bioacoustic studies can help to improve conservation strategies of different population/species.

scholarly journals The millimeter frequency range as a perspective for 5G networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Rosen Pasarelski
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
4G Cellular Networks

The currently widely used 4G cellular networks face many challenges. The growing demand for high-resolution mobile multimedia applications is bringing these networks to their practical limits. 5G networks, the next generation of wireless communications, are standardized to ease the burden on current infrastructure by offering significantly higher data rates through increased channel bandwidth. Given the lack of accessible frequencies traditionally used for mobile communications, millimeter bandwidths (mmWave) are quite a challenging alternative. This technology is a cornerstone of upcoming 5G networks, allowing faster data speeds and much higher bandwidth than ever before, but not every 5G network will necessarily use this frequency band, at least not all the time. As with any new technology, there are unavoidable problems that need to be overcome. The purpose of the research and analysis in this article is to systematize issues and solutions related to the potential problems of spectrum sharing in mmWave frequency range, its suitability for long-distance communications, indoors, in bad weather conditions, as well as biological aspects, and relevant conclusions have been done to meet these challenges.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing Meets Ecology: Hemisphere-Wide Spatiotemporal Species Distribution Models

AI Magazine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fink ◽  
Theodoros Damoulas ◽  
Nicholas E. Bruns ◽  
Frank A. La Sorte  ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka  ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Full Life Cycle

Ecological systems are inherently complex. The processes that affect the distributions of animals and plants operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales, presenting a unique challenge for the development and coordination of effective conservation strategies, particularly for wide-ranging species. In order to study ecological systems across scales, data must be collected at fine resolutions across broad spatial and temporal extents. Crowdsourcing has emerged as an efficient way to gather these data by engaging large numbers of people to record observations. However, data gathered by crowdsourced projects are often biased due to the opportunistic approach of data collection. In this article, we propose a general class of models called AdaSTEM, (for adaptive spatio-temporal exploratory models), that are designed to meet these challenges by adapting to multiple scales while exploiting variation in data density common with crowdsourced data. To illustrate the use of AdaSTEM, we produce intra-seasonal distribution estimates of long-distance migrations across the Western Hemisphere using data from eBird, a citizen science project that utilizes volunteers to collect observations of birds. Subsequently, model diagnostics are used to quantify and visualize the scale and quality of distribution estimates. This analysis shows how AdaSTEM can automatically adapt to complex spatiotemporal processes across a range of scales, thus providing essential information for full-life cycle conservation planning of broadly distributed species, communities, and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Az El Camino zarándokút egészségügyi kockázatai. Tanulságok és tanácsok

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (38) ◽  
pp. 1535-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Felkai
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Way

Abstract: The Way of St. James (El Camino) is getting more and more popular. Analysis of the age groups of the pilgrims shows that the number of young pilgrims (30< years) is decreasing, but the number of middle-aged people (30–60 years) is slightly increasing, while the number of elderly people (>60 years) has considerably increased. The statistical data of the Pilgrims’ office in Santiago de Compostela also display the continuous elevation in the number of the “pilgrims” who had completed the El Camino without any religious or spiritual reason. Therefore this pilgrim route became a long-distance trekking – in the point of view of travel medicine. The old age is a high risk for travellers moreover in this long distance trekking. Therefore pre-travel counselling would be vital for aged pilgrims. Unfortunately, a few articles have been published only on the medical problems of El Camino. Taking into consideration the possible health damages during the 800 km long “Camino”, the author describes its health hazards. This study could be a useful guideline for pre-travel advice for El Camino pilgrims as only limited information can be gained from the Pilgrims’ Reception Office (PRO) in Santiago de Compostela. Some information was collected from the relevant pages of the internet. Therefore the author could draw limited consequences from the statistical data. Yet, the analysis of the medical causes of the deceased pilgrims told more about the hazards of ‘The Way’. Although the number of female and male pilgrims was equal in the statistical data, yet the mortality rate of the male pilgrims is much more higher than that of the female pilgrims (93–7%). The most frequent cause of death was acute coronary syndrome or its suspicion (40–34%). The second most frequent cause of death was road traffic accident (17,5–25%). The most vulnerable pilgrims are the cyclists in this respect. The exacerbation of any chronic disease was also different among the genders (3–25%) but homicide is a more frequent cause of death in the female group (2%–8%). The cause of death was exhaustion, stroke, hypothermia and drowning (because of the ritual bathing in the sea, after the route completed) as well. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1535–1542.

scholarly journals An Efficient Distributed Elliptic Positioning for Underground Remote Sensing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 2025
Author(s):  
Sanaa S. Al-Samahi ◽  
Huda Ansaf ◽  
Bahaa I. K. Ansaf
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Likelihood Estimator ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Iterative Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Localization Approach

Remote surveying of unknown bound geometries, such as the mapping of underground water supplies and tunnels, remains a challenging task. The obstacles and absorption in media make the long-distance telecommunication and localization process inefficient due to mobile sensors’ power limitations. This work develops a new short-range sequential localization approach to reduce the required amount of signal transmission power. The developed algorithm is based on a sequential localization process that can utilize a multitude of randomly distributed wireless sensors while only employing several anchors in the process. Time delay elliptic and frequency range techniques are employed in developing the proposed algebraic closed-form solution. The proposed method is highly effective as it reaches the Cramer–Rao Lower Bound performance level. The estimated positions can act as initializations for the iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) via the Taylor series linearization to acquire even higher positioning accuracy as needed. By reducing the need for high power at the transmit modules in the sensors, the developed localization approach can be used to design a compact sensor with low power consumption and greater longevity that can be utilized to explore unknown bounded geometries for life-long efficient observation mapping.

scholarly journals Individual variation in residency and regional movements of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi in a large marine protected area

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Andrzejaczek ◽  
TK Chapple ◽  
DJ Curnick ◽  
AB Carlisle ◽  
M Castleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Large Individual

Mobulid populations are declining on a global scale as a result of both targeted fisheries and indirect anthropogenic threats. In order to implement effective conservation strategies for species of this taxa, it is crucial that movement patterns at a range of spatiotemporal scales are defined. To gain insight into such patterns, we deployed a combination of acoustic (n = 21) and satellite (n = 12) tags on reef manta rays Mobula alfredi in the British Indian Ocean Territory Marine Protected Area (BIOT MPA) annually from 2013 through 2016. An extensive array of acoustic receivers (n = 52) were deployed across the archipelago to record the movements of mantas throughout the MPA. Data revealed large individual variation in horizontal movement patterns, ranging from high local site fidelity (<10 km) for up to 3 yr, to large-scale regional movements (>200 km) around the entire MPA. Depth time-series data recorded vertical movement patterns consistent with other epipelagic elasmobranch species, including oscillatory diving and deep dives to greater than 500 m. Though no individuals were directly recorded departing the MPA throughout the study, the gaps in detections and estimated travel speeds documented here indicate that movement of individuals outside of the BIOT MPA cannot be discounted. Collectively, our data suggests that, with effective enforcement, the current size of the BIOT MPA is providing substantial protection to its reef manta ray population. Characterization of movement patterns across ontogenetic classes, however, is required to fully characterize the spatial ecology of this species and ensure protection across all cohorts of the population.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Teresa Hornung-Leoni ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
June Simpson ◽  
Katia Gil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mountain Systems

Puya raimondii, the giant Peruvian and Bolivian terrestrial bromeliad, is an emblematic endemic Andean species well represented in Huascarán National Park in Peru. This park is the largest reserve of puna (high altitude plateau) vegetation. The objective of this study is to report on genetic variation in populations of P. raimondii from Huascarán and neighboring areas. AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations were retrieved for 60 individuals from different zones. Genetic variability was estimated and a total of 172 bands were detected, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The results showed genetic differentiation among populations, and gene flow. A cluster analysis showed that individuals of P. raimondii populations located in different mountain systems could be grouped together, suggesting long distance dispersal. Thus, conservation strategies for P. raimondii have to take into account exchange between populations located far apart in distance in order to preserve the genetic diversity of this showy species.

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