scholarly journals Evaluating the RELM Test Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Sachs ◽  
Ya-Ting Lee ◽  
Donald L. Turcotte ◽  
James R. Holliday ◽  
John B. Rundle
Keyword(s):  
Skill Score ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Test Region ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Earthquake Likelihood Models ◽  
Verification Methodology

We consider implications of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) test results with regard to earthquake forecasting. Prospective forecasts were solicited forM≥4.95earthquakes in California during the period 2006–2010. During this period 31 earthquakes occurred in the test region withM≥4.95. We consider five forecasts that were submitted for the test. We compare the forecasts utilizing forecast verification methodology developed in the atmospheric sciences, specifically for tornadoes. We utilize a “skill score” based on the forecast scoresλfiof occurrence of the test earthquakes. A perfect forecast would haveλfi=1, and a random (no skill) forecast would haveλfi=2.86×10-3. The best forecasts (largest value ofλfi) for the 31 earthquakes had values ofλfi=1.24×10-1toλfi=5.49×10-3. The best mean forecast for all earthquakes wasλ̅f=2.84×10-2. The best forecasts are about an order of magnitude better than random forecasts. We discuss the earthquakes, the forecasts, and alternative methods of evaluation of the performance of RELM forecasts. We also discuss the relative merits of alarm-based versus probability-based forecasts.

Effect of Environmental Materials on Aqueous Corrosion of R7T7 Glass

1988 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Godon ◽  
E. Vernaz ◽  
J. H. Thomassin ◽  
J. C. Touray
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Aqueous Corrosion ◽  
Environmental Material ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Activated Bentonite ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Glass Specimen ◽  
Icp Analysis ◽  
Glass Behavior

ABSTRACTR7T7 glass behavior was investigated in contact with eleven different materials including smectites, bentonites, illites, granite and sand. The experiments were conducted at 90°C under atmospheric pressure with a 4 cm−1 SA/V ratio using two grams of material in double distilled water under static leaching conditions without renewal of the leachate. For each material a control test was conducted under the same conditions but without the glass specimen, as well as a series of tests on glass alone, without the environmental material. Kinetics studies lasting up to 364 days were performed on four selected materials.The test results (mass loss, ICP analysis of the leachates, SEM and TEM observations) showed relatively slight glass alteration in contact with sand, granite and one bentonite (i.e. the same order of magnitude as glass alone in deionized water), but greater alteration of glass in contact with all the other clays.The significant differences in glass behavior in contact with environmental materials can be accounted for by the behavior of the latter in solution: activated bentonite releases very large amounts of silicon and sodium into solution while smectite seems to remove silicon from solution.

The Effect of Unilateral Corneal Anesthesia on the Schirmer Test

1989 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Crabtree ◽  
Robert A. Dobie
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Nerve Disease

Unilateral corneal anesthesia (or hypesthesla) caused by trigeminal nerve disease has an unknown effect on the Schirmer test. Using topical anesthesia, we found that unilateral corneal anesthesia reduces tearing bilaterally, with a greater decrease on the anesthetized side. Clinicians should be aware that trigeminal nerve deficit may alter Schirmer test results, and use bilateral topical corneal anesthesia or alternative methods to stimulate tearing in these cases.

Methode der massenspektroskopischen Dispersionsbestimmung

1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-305
Author(s):  
Josef Mattauch ◽  
Ludwig Waldmann
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Actual Mass ◽  
The Ideal

Even in the most carefully built mass-spectrograph, one cannot rely on the ideal massscale when measuring isotopic weights with highest precision, as is necessary for the calculation of nuclear binding energies. Instead, the actual mass-scale in the neighbourhood of a “line” of unknown mass (line on a photographic plate or peak of a curve recording voltage, etc.) has to be ascertained with the help of neighbouring lines of known masses simultaneously recorded and measured (dispersion lines). The approximation of the mass-scale and the evaluation of the unknown line can be done in a clear and general way by the use of Lagrange′s method of interpolation (§ 1 and 2). — However, Lagrange′s approximation without any further assumption would not be sufficient if one has at one′s disposal only a few dispersion lines widely separated, as is the case especially in the range of light masses. Here one has to make partial use of the knowledge of the ideal mass-scale; this is outlined in detail for the special cases of one and of two dispersion lines. In certain cases one will have to use up to three dispersion lines (§ 3). — Furthermore, it is not sufficient to ascertain the mass-scale with the help of a set of dispersion lines in a certain range of the plate (or of the voltage, etc.) at a particular value of the field strength of the deflecting magnet (or of a similar parameter) in order to evaluate an unknown line which subsequently has been brought into this range by varying the field strength; because the dispersion of an apparatus depends always slightly on the field strength (f. i. on account of the unavoidable saturation phenomena of the iron). The order of magnitude of this effect has been estimated from experiments (§ 4). — Finally, there is given an account of the ideal mass-scales of all existing mass-spectrographs, including recent precision mass-spectrometers and a discussion of the methods of evaluation used up to the present time (§ 5 and 6).

The Transonic Flow Through a Plane Turbine Cascade as Measured in Four European Wind Tunnels

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kiock ◽  
F. Lehthaus ◽  
N. C. Baines ◽  
C. H. Sieverding
Keyword(s):  
Transonic Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Rotor Blade ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Blade Section ◽  
Flow Through

Reliable cascade data are esssential to the development of high-speed turbomachinery, but it has long been suspected that the tunnel environment influences the test results. This has now been investigated by testing one plane gas turbine rotor blade section in four European wind tunnels of different test sections and instrumentation. The Reynolds number of the transonic flow tests was Re2 = 8 × 105 based on exit flow conditions. The turbulence was not increased artificially. A comparison of results from blade pressure distributions and wake traverse measurements reveals the order of magnitude of tunnel effects.

scholarly journals Laboratory investigation of self-healing properties on geosynthetic clay liners with flaw

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Wei Zhang ◽  
Hu-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Jin-Fang Wang ◽  
Lang Zhou ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Geosynthetic Clay Liners ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Flexible Wall ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the self- healing properties of a commercially-available geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) using flexible-wall permeameter. The GCLs are produced by the same factory, but the contents of bentonite are different. Also the hydraulic conductivities (HC) of GCLs with no defect are different. In this study, specimens were completely saturated under the backpressure of 20 kPa before the test. Permeability tests were performed on GCL specimens with penetrating flaw and also on specimens permeated with distilled water and CaCl2 solutions. The test results were presented and discussed. Experimental results showed that the GCL with penetrating flaw did not exhibit complete self-healing in the case of flaw. After 120 days, the hydraulic conductivity increased by approximately an order of magnitude. In addition, CaCl2 solutions had a significant influence on the hydraulic conductivity. The research findings might be of interest to researchers and engineers who design liners for landfills and other liquid containment facilities

scholarly journals Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water to Remove Methylobacterium mesophilicum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cladosporium cladosporioides in Households

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Angelica Naka ◽  
Kenji Nakamura ◽  
Midori Kurahashi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Black Mold ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Methylobacterium Mesophilicum

(1) Background: Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) is an effective and safe sterilizing solution. Its active component is hypochlorous acid (HOCl) which has been proved to exhibit a strong disinfectant activity. In this research we evaluated the effectiveness of SAEW in the removal of Methylobacterium mesophilicum, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cladosporium cladosporioides, responsible for pink-colored biofilm and black mold in households. (2) Methods: Two concentrations of SAEW, 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L, were tested against M. mesophilicum, R. mucilaginosa and C. cladosporioides. In vitro experiments and mesh experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of SAEW. (3) Results: The test results showed that 40 mg/L SAEW was effective in removing R. mucilaginosa and C. cladosporioides, with the population decreasing by approximately two orders of magnitude. For M. mesophilicum, resistance towards SAEW was observed; to obtain a 1.3 order of magnitude decrease in bacterial population, washing 5 times with 40 mg/L SAEW was necessary. Mesh experiments showed that SAEW can remove black mold; (4) Conclusions: Overall results indicated that SAEW was particularly effective for R. mucilaginosa and C. cladosporioides species commonly found in Japanese households.

Social Network Inspired Approach to Intelligent Monitoring of Intelligence Data

2011 ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Tossapon Boongoen
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Similarity Estimation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Qualitative Similarity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Link Information

In the wake of recent terrorist atrocities, intelligence experts have commented that failures in detecting terrorist and criminal activities are not so much due to a lack of data, as they are due to difficulties in relating and interpreting the available intelligence. An intelligent tool for monitoring and interpreting intelligence data will provide a helpful means for intelligence analysts to consider emerging scenarios of plausible threats, thereby offering useful assistance in devising and deploying preventive measures against such possibilities. One of the major problems in need of such attention is detecting false identity that has become the common denominator of all serious crime, especially terrorism. Typical approaches to this problem rely on the similarity measure of textual and other content-based characteristics, which are usually not applicable in the case of deceptive and erroneous description. This barrier may be overcome through link information presented in communication behaviors, financial interactions and social networks. Quantitative link-based similarity measures have proven effective for identifying similar problems in the Internet and publication domains. However, these numerical methods only concentrate on link structures, and fail to achieve accurate and coherent interpretation of the information. Inspired by this observation, the chapter presents a novel qualitative similarity measure that makes use of multiple link properties to refine the underlying similarity estimation process and consequently derive semantic-rich similarity descriptors. The approach is based on order-of-magnitude reasoning. Its performance is empirically evaluated over a terrorism-related dataset, and compared against several state-of-the-art link-based algorithms and other alternative methods.

Assessment on the Collection Efficiency of an Aerosol Sampler in Micro and Nanoparticles Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Ping Mao ◽  
Shu Yan Feng ◽  
Jin Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Workplace Environment ◽  
Aerosol Nanoparticles ◽  
Micrometer Particle ◽  
In Series ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Assessment Result

The collection efficiency (CE) of an aerosol sampler is usually assessed dependently by using a sampler with higher CE and higher sampling accuracy or comparing the grain size distribution, concentration and/or other characteristics of the collected dust to that of the original dust, instead of the sampler itself. To establish a simple method for the assessment on the collection efficiency (CE) of an aerosol sampler, a self-dependent method was derived to calculate the CE of an aerosol sampler, which was patented with the number of ZL200910233001.X by the State Intellectual Property Office of China. According to the patent method, two or more uniform aerosol samplers of the same model were connected in series the inlet of a sampler was connected directly with the outlet of another sampler. The CE (η) of the aerosol sampler can be calculated by a simple equation as:η=1-m2/m1, in whichm1andm2is the weight of the aerosol particles collected by sampler 1# and sampler 2# in the connection sequence, respectively. A cascade impactor sampler was used to sample in a micrometer particle (d50=2.5 μm) aerosol environment and a nanoparticle (d50=42 nm) aerosol environment which were formed artificially in a glove box, as well as a workplace environment which manufactured nanometer powders. The sampling test results indicated that the cascade impactor sampler showed relative high CE (99.51%) for micrometer aerosol but a little bit low CE (95.2%) for nanoparticle aerosol. However, a low CE (93.93%) was calculated out by the method because of low concentration aerosol nanoparticles in the workplace environment, which result to big testing errors. It was found that the assessment result on collection efficiency of a sampler is highly affected by the subsequent analytical methods and detection accuracies after the sampling process. If the precision of the electronic balance was improved to a reasonable higher order of magnitude, the cascade impactor sampler can hopefully show much higher collection efficiency on nanoparticle aerosols.

Comparison of Primary Flow Measurement Techniques Used During Combined Cycle Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cary Campbell ◽  
Warren H. Hopson ◽  
Mark A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Primary Flow ◽  
Flow Meters

One of the most significant contributors to the overall uncertainty of a performance test of a combined cycle steam turbine is the uncertainty of the primary flow measurement. ASME performance test codes provide many alternative methods for determining flow. In two actual combined cycle tests performed in 2005, the following three alternate methods were used to determine the high-pressure (HP) steam flow into the combined cycle steam turbines: (1) Derivation from measured HP feedwater flow using calibrated PTC 6 throat tap nozzles, (2) derivation from low-pressure (LP) condensate using calibrated PTC 6 throat tap nozzles, and (3) derivation from LP condensate using calibrated orifice metering sections. This paper describes the design, calibration, and installation of each flow meter involved, the methods used to calculate the HP steam flow, the estimated uncertainty of the HP steam flow derived using each method, and the actual test results using each method. A comparison of the methods showed that there are distinct advantages with one of the methods and that very low uncertainties in HP steam flow can be achieved if sufficient attention is applied to the design, calibration, and installation of all flow meters involved. Note that the information in this paper was originally published in ASME Paper PWR2006-88074 and presented at the 2006 ASME Power Conference in Atlanta, GA. For detailed diagrams, figures, and tabulations of data and analysis, please refer to the published proceedings from that conference.

Efficiency of Two Commercial ELISA Kits Compared with the BAM Culture Method for Detecting Listeria in Naturally Contaminated Foods

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W Noah ◽  
Nora C Ramos ◽  
Virginia M Gipson
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
University Of Vermont

Abstract The efficiency of 2 commercial enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kite (Listeria-Tek™ and Tecra™) for detecting Listeria in naturally contaminated foods was evaluated and compared with that of the culture method described in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). Both ELISAs use modified University of Vermont (UVM-1) medium as a primary enrichment; the BAM method uses Listeria enrichment broth. Secondary enrichments for Llsterla-Tek and Tecra, respectively, were Fraser broth and UVM-2, which contains additional acriflavln-HCI. When ELISA test results differed, secondary enrichments were tested against the other ELISA; Fraser broth was used to determine recovery rates because of Its superiority over UVM-2. Of the 178 food samples examined, the presence of Listeria was detected and culturally confirmed in 38, 37, and 40 samples by the BAM, Llsterla- Tek, and Tecra methods, respectively. Differences in results of the EUSAs compared with those of the BAM method were not statistically significant; however, differences between results of the 2 ELISA methods were significant. It was concluded that as rapid screening methods, the Llsteria-Tek and the Tecra kits qualify as alternative methods to the BAM cultural method.

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