Comparison of Primary Flow Measurement Techniques Used During Combined Cycle Tests

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cary Campbell ◽  
Warren H. Hopson ◽  
Mark A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Primary Flow ◽  
Flow Meters

One of the most significant contributors to the overall uncertainty of a performance test of a combined cycle steam turbine is the uncertainty of the primary flow measurement. ASME performance test codes provide many alternative methods for determining flow. In two actual combined cycle tests performed in 2005, the following three alternate methods were used to determine the high-pressure (HP) steam flow into the combined cycle steam turbines: (1) Derivation from measured HP feedwater flow using calibrated PTC 6 throat tap nozzles, (2) derivation from low-pressure (LP) condensate using calibrated PTC 6 throat tap nozzles, and (3) derivation from LP condensate using calibrated orifice metering sections. This paper describes the design, calibration, and installation of each flow meter involved, the methods used to calculate the HP steam flow, the estimated uncertainty of the HP steam flow derived using each method, and the actual test results using each method. A comparison of the methods showed that there are distinct advantages with one of the methods and that very low uncertainties in HP steam flow can be achieved if sufficient attention is applied to the design, calibration, and installation of all flow meters involved. Note that the information in this paper was originally published in ASME Paper PWR2006-88074 and presented at the 2006 ASME Power Conference in Atlanta, GA. For detailed diagrams, figures, and tabulations of data and analysis, please refer to the published proceedings from that conference.

Comparison of Primary Flow Measurement Techniques Used During Combined Cycle Tests

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cary Campbell ◽  
Warren H. Hopson ◽  
Mark A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Primary Flow ◽  
Flow Meters

One of the most significant contributors to the overall uncertainty of a performance test of a combined cycle steam turbine is the uncertainty of the primary flow measurement. ASME performance test codes provide many alternative methods for determining flow. In two actual combined cycle tests performed in 2005, the following three alternate methods were used to determine the HP steam flow into the combined cycle steam turbines: 1) Derivation from measured HP feedwater flow using calibrated PTC 6 throat tap nozzles, 2) Derivation from LP condensate using calibrated PTC 6 throat tap nozzles, and 3) Derivation from LP condensate using calibrated orifice metering sections. This paper describes the design, calibration, and installation of each flow meter involved, the methods used to calculate the HP steam flow, the estimated uncertainty of the HP steam flow derived using each method, and the actual test results using each method. A comparison of the methods showed that there are distinct advantages with one of the methods and that very low uncertainties in HP steam flow can be achieved if sufficient attention is applied to the design, calibration, and installation of all flow meters involved.

Calibration Uncertainty of PTC-6 Flow Sections

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Nystrom ◽  
Philip S. Stacy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Calibration Uncertainty ◽  
Primary Measurement ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Weighing Method

PTC 6-2004 Performance Test Code on Steam Turbines [1] delineates fabrication and calibration requirements for throat tap flow nozzles with the purpose of obtaining the best feasible accuracy of flow measurement, a primary measurement to determine turbine performance. The Code requires nozzle discharge coefficient calibration results meet tight specifications for average value and rate of change with throat Reynolds number. Performance specifications were developed from large historical, empirical bases and an extensive theoretical analysis. Calibration uncertainty for PTC-6 Flow Meters using gravimetric flow measurement method in accordance with ASME/ANSI MFC 9M Measurement of Liquid Flow in Closed Conduits by Weighing Method [2] using a 100,000 lb capacity weigh tank is estimated. Calibration results are compared to Code requirements for about 330 meters with 1320 individual tap sets.

Testing Steam Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. McHale ◽  
Kevin D. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Test Instrumentation

ASME Performance Test Code 6.2 for testing of Steam Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications has been approved by the Board of Performance Test Codes and will be issued in 2005. PTC 6.2 provides procedures for the accurate testing of a steam turbine in a Combined Cycle application with or without supplementary firing and in cogeneration applications. The procedures for testing a Rankine cycle steam turbine in a Combined Cycle application differ from those used to test a Rankine cycle steam turbine in a cycle with regenerative feedwater heating because of differences in cycle configuration and test objectives. PTC 6.2 provides procedures for testing and calculating corrected turbine-generator output performance, not corrected heat rate. The Code contains rules and procedures for the conduct and reporting of steam turbine testing, including requirements for pretest arrangements, testing techniques, instrumentation, methods of measurement, and methods for calculating test results and uncertainty. This paper will focus on challenges that have been faced with conducting performance tests on steam turbines in combined cycles in the past, and how the Code has addressed these challenges. Challenges are driven primarily by the cycle configuration, operating practices, and the basis of guarantees. Subjects to be addressed in the paper include test instrumentation, test objectives, test calculations, and test uncertainty.

Specifying and Evaluating Steam Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Lon Penna
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Sufficient Criterion ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Output Performance

The ASME Performance Test Code PTC-6.2-2004 provides for the testing of steam turbines in combined cycle applications. The acceptance criterion, called “Output Performance” is primarily a measure of efficiency. This paper presents a scenario that illustrates that efficiency alone is not always a sufficient criterion. In this case history, MW Output at the revenue meters suffered by nearly 10% and yet the PTC-6.2 efficiency criterion was satisfied.

SGT5-8000H Experimental Test Results and Validation of High Fidelity 3D CFD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Bigalk ◽  
Thomas Biesinger ◽  
Marc Broeker ◽  
Tobias Buchal ◽  
Dirk Nürnberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Turbine Flow Path

The first Siemens SGT5-8000H had extensively been tested in Simple Cycle in Irsching during 2008 and 2009. About 3000 sensors had been installed for monitoring of the engine operation, the results demonstrated that all performance targets have been exceeded. Detailed measurements of pressure, temperature and flow were performed in the turbine flow path at various locations in circumferential and radial direction. The experimental test results in the turbine flow path have been used for additional detailed analysis of the fluid dynamics operation by a High Fidelity 3D CFD whole turbine model. This standardized whole turbine CFD process forms an important element in the Siemens design chain. The model was set up with all geometrical details to resolve all relevant flow features such as shrouds, cavities, coating, fillets etc. This paper summarizes and compares the experimental test results with predicted CFD design values for overall thermodynamic operation and aerodynamics data at turbine outlet. Besides the results from the Simple Cycle prototype test phase, performance test results are presented from recent measurements during customer acceptance testing in Combined Cycle in 2011. These results show a confirmation of the previously measured overall performance values after complete rebuild and re commissioning of the engine for combined cycle operation.

Extrapolation and Curve-Fitting of Calibration Data for Differential Pressure Flow Meters

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Keyser ◽  
Jeffrey R. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Differential Pressure ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
The One

Performance test codes require primary mass-flow accuracies that in many applications require laboratory quality calibration of differential pressure meters. It is also true that many performance tests are conducted at Reynolds numbers and flows well above the laboratories' capacities, and sound extrapolation methods had to be developed. Statistical curve fits and regression analyses by themselves, absent fluid-dynamic foundations, are not valid procedures for extrapolation. The ASME PTC 19.5-2004 discharge coefficient equations reproduced in this paper for nozzles, orifices, and venturis are suitable for use whenever calibration data are to be applied in a flow measurement and/or extrapolated to higher Reynolds numbers as necessary. The equations may also be used for uncalibrated differential pressure meters by using nominal values. It is necessary to note that the metering runs must be manufactured with dimensions, tolerances, smoothness, etc., and installed in strict accordance with ASME PTC 19.5 for these equations to be valid. Note that for compressible flow, the value of the expansion factor term in the PTC 19.5 equation must be the one corresponding to the published PTC 19.5 equation.

scholarly journals Performance Modeling as an Aid in the Preparation of a Test Code for IGCC Plants, PTC 47

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Horazak ◽  
David H. Archer
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Integrated Gasification

An ASME performance test code. PTC 47, for integrated gasification combined cycle, IGCC. plants is currently being written. This code will include definitions of the significant overall plant and plant component performance results — input, output, and effectiveness. It will indicate the measurements and measurement techniques required to calculate these results, and estimate systematic uncertainties associated with each measurement, as well as random uncertainties due to the measuring device or variations in plant conditions during the test. The code writing committee is making use of mathematical models of the performance of various IGCC power plant configurations to aid in the work of code preparation and testing. The objective of this paper is to describe how computerized system performance models are now being used in the preparation of PTC 47, and to indicate how such models might be used in the conduct of performance tests in the future. The general form of a system performance model is discussed to clarify how it relates to correction factors for system performance parameters — input, output, and effectiveness: but the paper does not include defining or solving the actual equations of a system performance model.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KELILING KELOMPOK (ROUND CLUB) TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS LAPORAN PERJALANAN SISWA KELAS V SDN 01 NAGARI BUKIK SIKUMPA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirda Linda
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Class V ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Lecture Method

This research is motivated by the low desire of students in writing travel reports. The lack of students' knowledge of the report concept, the lack of students' knowledge of the 5W + 1H report points of good and correct language, the lack of students' knowledge of the spatial, time and topic pattern and not yet reached KKM 75. The method used by the teacher has not been interesting, lecture method. The purpose of this study is to describe the skills of writing travel reports by using Round Club learning model which is viewed from the aspect of understanding the report concept, the use of 5W +1H report points, the spatial, time, and topic pattern.The population of this study is the students of class V Lessons Year 2017/2018 which amounted to 2 classes with the number 80. The sample of research as much as two classes taken by the sample of propotional.Class V.1 as experimental class and class V.2 as control class. The research instrument used is performance test. Provide an assessment by specifying the subject of the 5W + 1H report, as well as the spatial, time and topic pattern. Data were analyzed by 't' test by first testing normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing.The results showed that the average control class 68 with more than enough qualifications with standard deviation 16.96. 83 experimental class with good qualification and standard deviation of 15.42 and there is a significant influence on the result of writing skill of class V SDN 01 Nagari Bukik SikumpaSubdistrict, Lima Puluh Kota. This is evidenced by the average value of writing skills in the experiment class higher than the average value in the control class. Normality test results indicate that the two sample classes of  Lo  values in the control class -0.2141 are smaller than the normal 0.190 Lt distributed. Homogeneity test results that the variation of this study is homogeneous at a real level of 0.05, because Ftable 2.16 > Fhitung 1.21 and the results of data analysis then obtained = 2.78 > 1.70 t table, so H0 rejected and H1 accepted. It can be concluded that there is Influence. Using  Learning  Model of Student Group Writing  Skills Travel Report of students of class V SDN 01 Nagari Bukik Sikumpa Subdistrict, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota.KeyWords: model pembelajaran round club, menulis laporan perjalanan.

Physical and performance characteristics related to starter status, position, and division in Japanese collegiate American-football players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junta Iguchi ◽  
Minoru Matsunami ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujisawa ◽  
Kenji Kuzuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
And Performance

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the variations in body composition and performance in Japanese collegiate American-football players. OBJECTIVE: To clarify what characterizes competitors at the highest levels – in the top division or on the starting lineup – we compared players’ body compositions and performance test results. METHODS: This study included 172 players. Each player’s body composition and performance (one-repetition maximum bench press, one-repetition maximum back squat, and vertical jump height) were measured; power was estimated from vertical jump height and body weight. Players were compared according to status (starter vs. non-starter), position (skill vs. linemen), and division (1 vs. 2). Regression analysis was performed to determine characteristics for being a starter. RESULTS: Players in higher divisions and who were starters were stronger and had more power, greater body size, and better performance test results. Players in skill positions were relatively stronger than those in linemen positions. Vertical jump height was a significant predictor of being a starter in Division 1. CONCLUSION: Power and vertical jump may be a deciding factor for playing as a starter or in a higher division.

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