scholarly journals Quality of Wood and Charcoal fromEucalyptusClones for Ironmaster Use

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Larissa Carvalho Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
New Information ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Considering the wide variety of species and clones ofEucalyptuscultivated in Brazil, it is necessary to search for new information on wood properties, so that the selection of genetically superior material may be successful. The present study aimed to determine the properties of wood and charcoal from different clones ofEucalyptusspp. Six clones at the age of 7.5 years were evaluated and the samples were from a clonal, located in the city of Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Basic density, chemical composition, and higher heating value were determined. Carbonizations in a laboratory kiln were done and the levels of volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon, higher heating value, and bulk density of the charcoal produced were determined. Evaluated genetic materials showed differences in their properties. According to research results, several properties of wood should be considered together for the selection of clones for charcoal production. However, basic density and chemical composition of wood, especially high contents of lignin and low contents of extractives, are the properties that had more influence on charcoal yield and its quality. Concerning charcoal production for steelmaking, clone 6 stood out and, conversely, clone 4 showed inferior properties to those of others.

A Comparative Study on Wood Properties of Teaks from Different Geographical Provenances

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Peng Xiang Peng ◽  
Kai Fu Li ◽  
Kun Nan Liang ◽  
Kai Meng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Obvious Relation ◽  
Selection Of

In order to understand the effects of geographical provenances of teak on wood properties and improve the quality of afforestation in china, research was carried on wood properties of eight provenances of teak at age 27 in Ledong Country, Hainan Island. The slices revealed that the constructional characteristics from different geographical provenances of teak were very similar. But the effect of geographical provenance on teak wood properties was highly significant. The relationship results for properties of teak showed that properties of most wood species had the obvious relation with basic density, which can be used to guide the selection of the teak provenance in the early planting to improve the quality of teak.

scholarly journals Modeling of wood properties from parameters obtained in nursery seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
Raquel Gonçalves ◽  
Rafael Gustavo Mansini Lorensani ◽  
Esther Merlo ◽  
Oscar Santaclara ◽  
Manuel Touza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Early selection of trees allows acceleration of genetic improvement, as well as processes related to forest management, to improve the quality of the wood produced; however, to reach this objective, it is necessary to know which parameters can be used as predictors of a tree’s aged condition. The objective of this research was to study parameters that are measurable in nursery seedlings and that could be used in prediction models of basic density (BDt), modulus of elasticity (EMt), and strength (fmt) of wood from trees. The tests were performed in 240 seedlings (3 and 6 months old) and in 52 trees (72 months old) from seven genetic units of two species: three Eucalyptus clones and four Pinus pinaster progenies. In the seedlings, measurements of longitudinal velocity of ultrasonic waves (VLs), basic density (BDs), height (Hs), diameter (Ds), strength (fts), and modulus of elasticity (Ets) in tension parallel to the grain were obtained. The EMt and fmt can be predicted by parameters obtained in seedlings of the same genetic unit. Thus, the use of these parameters, in association with others already used in selection programs, may increase the positive results of the early selection, with economic gains and time reductions in forest management.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ◽  
Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Holocellulose Content

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.

scholarly journals Strategies for the Development of Smart Cities: The Case of Kalampaka-Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Christos Stamopoulos ◽  
Eleni Theodoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Construction Strategies ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The present paper investigates the characteristics and best construction strategies of smart cities around the world, as well as the determining factors of the satisfaction of the quality of life and the importance of the value of environmental sustainability. A case study of the city of Kalampaka and its residents was examined. The survey was conducted between July 2016 and August 2016. The selection of the sample was done by using the method of simple selection and includes a random sample of N=150 individuals. Statistical analysis showed that resident’s knowledge about smart cities was fairly good (48% of sample knew the phrase “smart cities”). Furthermore, they believe that the appearance of the city of Kalampaka needs improvement (75% of sample is disappointed with the current appearance of the city). Regression analysis showed that the value of environmental sustainability is greatly influenced by the energy saving, as well as, innovation has an impact on the level of quality of life. Older people seem to be satisfied with administration’s efforts.

scholarly journals First Report on Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil Extracted from Myrcia eximia DC (Myrtaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Jorddy Neves da Cruz ◽  
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco ◽  
Sebastião Gomes Silva ◽  
Wanessa Almeida da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
New Information ◽  
The City

The essential oil (EO) of plants of the Myrtaceae family has diverse chemical composition and several applications. However, data on the oil yield, its composition, and its complete chemistry are still unavailable for some species belonging to this family, such as Myrcia eximia DC. In this study, the chemical compositions of the EOs of Myrcia eximia were evaluated by using gas chromatography (GC) alone and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Samples for both evaluations were collected from the city of Magalhães Barata, State of Pará, Brazil, in 2017 and 2018. For the plant material collected in 2017, EO was obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) only, while, for the material collected in 2018, EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and steam distillation (SD), in order to evaluate the differences in chemical composition and mass yield of the EO. The yields of (E)-caryophyllene were 15.71% and 20.0% for the samples collected by HD in 2017 and 2018, respectively, while the yield was 15.0% for the sample collected by SD in 2018. Hexanal was found to be the major constituent in the EO obtained by HD, with yield of up to 26.09%. The oil yields reached 0.08% by using SD, and 0.01% and 0.36% for the samples collected in 2017 and 2018, respectively, using HD. The results of this study provide new information about the mass yield and chemical composition of Myrcia eximia DC, and they can add value and income to traditional populations, as well as facilitate the preservation of this species.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATERWATER IN THE SLAVSKY DISTRICT OF THE KALININGRAD REGION BY HYDROLOGICAL SEASONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-436
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Spirin ◽  
S.I. Zotov ◽  
V.S. Taran ◽  
Yu.V. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the work is to research the chemical composition of surface watercourses in the Slavsky district of the Kaliningrad region in the winter hydrological season, and to compare the results with the data previously obtained by the authors for the autumn hydrological season and partly for the summer hydrological season. Watercourses and monitoring points for research have been identified: r. Zlaya, r. Shluzovaya, r. Nemoninka and r. Osa. In the winter season, water samples were taken, hydrometric characteristics were measured, and primary hydrochemical indicators were determined. On the basis of the obtained hydrochemical data, integral indicators were calculated to assess the quality of water, using combined lists of maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants. When monitoring hydrochemical indicators, it was revealed that the studied watercourses are, to one degree or another, subject to pollution. The water quality class in them varies from "moderately polluted" to "extremely dirty". When comparing the seasons, a tendency was revealed to improve the quality of water, which is associated with the water content of rivers, as well as with the cycles of natural and anthropogenic activity. The work has theoretical and practical significance. The data can participate in the planning of rational use of natural resources and the selection of measures to improve the geoecological state of the river network of the Slavsky region. The research can serve as a supplement to the formation of the general geoecological picture of the Kaliningrad region.

scholarly journals DAMAGE BY DEFOLIATING INSECTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF WOOD FOR CHARCOAL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 933-938
Author(s):  
ANTONIO JOSÉ VINHA ZANUNCIO ◽  
AMÉLIA GUIMARÃES CARVALHO ◽  
CARLOS MIGUEL SIMÕES DA SILVA ◽  
VINÍCIUS RESENDE DE CASTRO ◽  
ANGÉLICA DE CASSIA OLIVEIRA CARNEIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Quality ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
B Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Holocellulose Content

The objective of the present work has been to evaluate the impact of damage caused by defoliating insects on wood quality and charcoal production, and to quantify the losses per hectare according to the charcoal produced. Seven-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla (clone A) and Eucalyptus saligna (clone B) trees, both in healthy condition and damaged by defoliating insects, were selected, with five trees to be used per treatment. Wood disks were removed from the trees at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height for analyzing the properties of the wood and for preparing and characterizing the charcoal. Damage by defoliating insects decreased the basic density of the trees at all axial positions by up to 23 kg m-3. Also, the extractives and lignin contents increased, while the holocellulose content decreased in the attacked plants. Changes in the wood characteristics led to increased fixed carbon content and gravimetric yield, and a decrease in density. The charcoal productivity from the plants damaged by defoliating insects was lower, mainly because of the decrease in volumetric production.

scholarly journals The study of the sociospatial aspect of green building in St.Petersburg: theoretical and practical aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Orlovskaya ◽  
Svetlana Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Paired Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the modern problems of green building. The duality of the greening problem in large cities is noted: on the one hand, this is one of the factors of conflict, on the other hand, the factor of the quality of life, creativity of the city, and its image level. The selection of factors for the analysis was carried out taking into account the research of Russian and foreign scientists and the possibility of obtaining reliable statistics. The study was conducted according to the landscaping of the districts of St. Petersburg. As a result of the study, clustering of St. Petersburg districts was carried out according to greenery indicators, the level of green construction in each of the considered territories of the city was estimated. A paired analysis of indicators made it possible to identify the most problematic areas of the city, to conduct a comparative assessment of the districts according to the level of greenery and their sufficiency to create a comfortable environment

Going Beyond the Blue: The Utility of Emergency Medical Services Data in Understanding Violent Crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Julie Hibdon ◽  
Cody W. Telep ◽  
Jessica Huff
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
New Information ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Police Official ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

National victimization data suggest less than 50% of violent crime incidents are reported to the police. Official reports of crime to police, however, are often the only type of data used for the analysis of violence problems, the identification of geographic concentrations of violent crime, and the selection of targets for police and prevention resources. Yet, the question remains, are estimates of violent crime prevalence and location distorted from a unilateral reliance on police data? Here, we examine whether emergency medical service (EMS) data collected by the fire department are spatially concentrated in the same way as police data and whether these data can help identify instances of violence unreported to police in the city of Seattle between 2009 and 2011. We find high levels of concentration in both police and EMS data and evidence that new information is learned about the location of violence problems from utilizing multiple data sources. Overall, these findings contribute to a small but growing body of work that demonstrates the utility of nonconventional data in the identification of crime and harm concentrations of interest.

scholarly journals Selection of the optimal version of the rolling rings of stand no. 7 of mill 150 of OJSC “BSW Management Company of Holding “BMC” from various types of high-speed steel, providing the best indicator of operational durability

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
I. A. Guzova ◽  
I. A. Kovaleva ◽  
P. A. Babkov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Management Company ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Rolling Ring ◽  
Selection Of

Rolling rings as an important element of the rolling mill belong to the category of replaceable equipment, the quality of performance of which affects a number of operational characteristics, as well as the quality of rolled products. The material from which the rolling ring of the stand No. 7 is made must have the appropriate properties capable of perceiving high thermal loads for a long period of time without destruction, chipping and significant development of calibers. In this regard, there is a need to select the optimal option for the manufacture of rolling rings that can withstand such loads for a sufficiently long period of time. The study of the causes of destruction of the rolling ring 450×242×100 mm of high-speed steel, used at OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC» in the cage number 7 mill 150 rolling shop. The results of metallographic studies of the microstructure and chemical composition of fragments of the destroyed rolling ring are presented. A detailed study and comparative analysis of the chemical composition and microstructure of samples of similar rings made of high-speed steel from two different suppliers, which showed high results in durability during operation, was carried out.

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