scholarly journals Emerging Stem Cell Therapies: Treatment, Safety, and Biology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Sng ◽  
Thomas Lufkin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stem cells are the fundamental building blocks of life and contribute to the genesis and development of all higher organisms. The discovery of adult stem cells has led to an ongoing revolution of therapeutic and regenerative medicine and the proposal of novel therapies for previously terminal conditions. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the first example of a successful stem cell therapy and is widely utilized for treating various diseases including adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells is increasingly employed to catalyze the repair of mesenchymal tissue and others, including the lung and heart, and utilized in treating various conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. There is also increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of other adult stem cells such as neural, mammary, intestinal, inner ear, and testicular stem cells. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells has led to an improved understanding of the underlying epigenetic keys of pluripotency and carcinogenesis. More in-depth studies of these epigenetic differences and the physiological changes that they effect will lead to the design of safer and more targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Perinatal sources of mesenchymal stem cells: Wharton’s jelly, amnion and chorion

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Witkowska-Zimny ◽  
Edyta Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

AbstractRecently, stem cell biology has become an interesting topic, especially in the context of treating diseases and injuries using transplantation therapy. Several varieties of human stem cells have been isolated and identified in vivo and in vitro. Ideally, stem cells for regenerative medical application should be found in abundant quantities, harvestable in a minimally invasive procedure, then safely and effectively transplanted to either an autologous or allogenic host. The two main groups of stem cells, embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, have been expanded to include perinatal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells from perinatal tissue may be particularly useful in the clinic for autologous transplantation for fetuses and newborns, and after banking in later stages of life, as well as for in utero transplantation in case of genetic disorders.This review highlights the characteristics and therapeutic potential of three human mesenchymal stem cell types obtained from perinatal sources: Wharton’s jelly, the amnion, and the chorion.

scholarly journals Awareness on therapeutic potential of stem cell among college students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120
Author(s):  
Mohamed Noufal Z ◽  
Vishnu Priya V ◽  
Archana Santhanam ◽  
Gayathri R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Study Population

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide and give rise to identical and undifferentiated cells. Stem cells are most generally used in treating complicated diseases. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a life saving treatment for numerous diseases. This survey shows that there is a great importance towards stem cell therapies among college students.This study is done to create awareness on therapeutic potential of stem cells among college students. The present study consists of self structured questionnaire administered to 100 college students through online google forms link. The data was collected and statistically analysed using SPSS software. The majority of the study population was aware of stem cell therapies. 56.4% of the respondents have therapeutic potential knowledge on stem cells and 54.4% of the respondents have knowledge on existing uses of stem cells. From the survey we may conclude that most of the college students were aware and have prior knowledge of the therapeutic potential of stem cells in health and disease.

Types of Stem Cells Used in US-Based Clinical Trials between 1999 and 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Emma E. Redfield ◽  
Erin K. Luciano ◽  
Monica J. Sewell ◽  
Lucas A. Mitzel ◽  
Isaac J. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

This study looks at the number of clinical trials involving specific stem cell types. To our knowledge, this has never been done before. Stem cell clinical trials that were conducted at locations in the US and registered on the National Institutes of Health database at ‘clinicaltrials.gov’ were categorized according to the type of stem cell used (adult, cancer, embryonic, perinatal, or induced pluripotent) and the year that the trial was registered. From 1999 to 2014, there were 2,357 US stem cell clinical trials registered on ‘clinicaltrials.gov,’ and 89 percent were from adult stem cells and only 0.12 percent were from embryonic stem cells. This study concludes that embryonic stem cells should no longer be used for clinical study because of their irrelevance, moral questions, and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Realistic Prospects for Stem Cell Therapeutics

Hematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 398-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Q. Daley ◽  
Margaret A. Goodell ◽  
Evan Y. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
The Media ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Studies of the regenerating hematopoietic system have led to the definition of many of the fundamental principles of stem cell biology. Therapies based on a range of tissue stem cells have been widely touted as a new treatment modality, presaging an emerging new specialty called regenerative medicine that promises to harness stem cells from embryonic and somatic sources to provide replacement cell therapies for genetic, malignant, and degenerative conditions. Insights borne from stem cell biology also portend development of protein and small molecule therapeutics that act on endogenous stem cells to promote repair and regeneration. Much of the newfound enthusiasm for regenerative medicine stems from the hope that advances in the laboratory will be followed soon thereafter by breakthrough treatments in the clinic. But how does one sort through the hype to judge the true promise? Are stem cell biologists and the media building expectations that cannot be met? Which diseases can be treated, and when can we expect success? In this review, we outline the realms of investigation that are capturing the most attention, and consider the current state of scientific understanding and controversy regarding the properties of embryonic and somatic (adult) stem cells. Our objective is to provide a framework for appreciating the promise while at the same time understanding the challenges behind translating fundamental stem cell biology into novel clinical therapies.

scholarly journals Potential of cardiac stem/progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for cardiac repair in ischaemic heart disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Eric Wang ◽  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
Steven R. Houser ◽  
Chunyu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cardiac and vascular repair. The ultimate goal is to rebuild functional myocardium by transplanting exogenous stem cells or by activating native stem cells to induce endogenous repair. CS/PCs (cardiac stem/progenitor cells) are one type of adult stem cell with the potential to differentiate into cardiac lineages (cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells). iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) also have the capacity to differentiate into necessary cells to rebuild injured cardiac tissue. Both types of stem cells have brought promise for cardiac repair. The present review summarizes recent advances in cardiac cell therapy based on these two cell sources and discusses the advantages and limitations of each candidate. We conclude that, although both types of stem cells can be considered for autologous transplantation with promising outcomes in animal models, CS/PCs have advanced more in their clinical application because iPSCs and their derivatives possess inherent obstacles for clinical use. Further studies are needed to move cell therapy forward for the treatment of heart disease.

Assessment of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Contractility Using Micropost Arrays

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita L. Rodriguez ◽  
Charles E. Murry ◽  
Nathan J. Sniadecki
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Contractility ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Contractile Forces

Cardiovascular stem cell therapies have shown increasing promise as a potential therapeutic means for reversing the effects of a myocardial infarction [1]. Out of the currently available sources of human stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are very promising in that: the number of cell lines that can be induced to the pluripotent state is extremely vast, they serve as a potential source for patient-specific cardiomyocytes, and their use is non-controversial. However, before they can be used feasibly in a clinical setting, the functional engraftment of these cells into the host tissue must be improved [2]. It is hypothesized that the structural and functional maturity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes prior to implantation, may significantly affect the ability of these cells to engraft with resident heart tissue [3]. One of the most important functional characteristics of a cardiomyocyte is its ability to produce contractile forces. However, assessing the contractile properties of single iPS-CMs is a difficult task. iPS-CMs generally have relatively unorganized cytoskeletons, with stress fibers in multiple directions. This trait renders one or two-point force assays ineffectual in determining total cell forces. Furthermore, iPS-CMs don’t spread well on tissue culture surfaces, which make two-dimensional force measurements almost impossible.

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