scholarly journals Preventive and Protective Properties ofZingiber officinale(Ginger) in Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Complications, and Associated Lipid and Other Metabolic Disorders: A Brief Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Li ◽  
Van H. Tran ◽  
Colin C. Duke ◽  
Basil D. Roufogalis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Zingiber officinale(ginger) has been used as herbal medicine to treat various ailments worldwide since antiquity. Recent evidence revealed the potential of ginger for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Data fromin vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials has demonstrated the antihyperglycaemic effect of ginger. The mechanisms underlying these actions are associated with insulin release and action, and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The most active ingredients in ginger are the pungent principles, gingerols, and shogaol. Ginger has shown prominent protective effects on diabetic liver, kidney, eye, and neural system complications. The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and the safety issues of ginger are also discussed in this update.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Property and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Geniposide-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Haiming Wu ◽  
Heng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Iridoid Glucoside ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Antioxidative Property

Geniposide, an iridoid glucoside, is a major component in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Gardenia fruits). Geniposide has been experimentally proved to possess multiple pharmacological actions involving antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, antiangiogenesis, antiendoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), etc. In vitro and in vivo studies have further identified the value of geniposide in a spectrum of preclinical models of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disorders. The antioxidative property of geniposide should be attributed to the result of either the inhibition of numerous pathological processes or the activation of various proteins associated with cell survival or a combination of both. In this review, we will summarize the available knowledge on the antioxidative property and protective effects of geniposide in DM and cardiovascular disease in the literature and discuss antioxidant mechanisms as well as its potential applications in clinic.

scholarly journals Curcumin Protects Against Cognitive Impairments in a Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Combined with Diabetes Mellitus by Suppressing Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Zheng ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Yaxuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects

Abstract BackgroundChronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is regarded as a high-risk factor for cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD). We have previously shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) synergistically promotes CCH-induced cognitive dysfunction via exacerbating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, curcumin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, the effects of curcumin on CCH-induced cognitive impairments in DM have remained unknown.MethodsRats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ), followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), to model DM and CCH in vivo. After BCCAO, curcumin (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally every two days for eight weeks to evaluate its therapeutic effects. Additionally, mouse BV2 microglial cells were exposed to hypoxia and high glucose to model CCH and DM pathologies in vitro. ResultsCurcumin treatment significantly improved DM/CCH-induced cognitive deficits and attenuated neuronal cell death. Molecular analysis revealed that curcumin exerted protective effects via suppressing neuroinflammation induced by microglial activation, regulating the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, alleviating apoptosis, and reducing nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-dependent pyroptosis.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest that curcumin represents a promising therapy for DM/CCH-induced cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals Evidence of the hypoglycemic capacity of some natural products for the alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Karla Guadalupe Perez-Avila ◽  
Cruz Vargas-De-León ◽  
José Antonio Morales-González ◽  
Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is characterized by the chronic presence of blood glucose levels caused by a defect in the secretion of insulin or in the action of this hormone in the body which must be treated integrally with a multidisciplinary approach. The natural treatment of this disease is a common practice around the world, especially in Latin America, there are several clinical studies, in vivo or in vitro assays that focus on assessing the hypoglycemic capacity of various natural products used empirically by the population for years for the phytotherapeutic treatment of the disease as well as the chemicals related to the mechanism of action that produces the hypoglycaemic effect. In the present article, a brief review of the evidence of the hypoglycemic capacity of some natural products for the alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus 2

scholarly journals The Effect of Momordica charantia in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhuo Liu ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Wenya Huang ◽  
Fuer Lu ◽  
Hui Dong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
The Common

In recent years, many studies of Momordica charantia (MC) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have been reported. This article reviewed the effect and mechanism of MC against diabetes, including the results from in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials. The common side effects of MC were also summarized. We hope that it might open up new ideas for further mechanism exploration and clinical application as well as provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development of drugs or foods derived from MC.

scholarly journals Hybrid drug combination: A new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes- A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 2008-2017
Author(s):  
Shraddha Sharma ◽  
Vengal Rao P ◽  
Seema Mehdi ◽  
Manjula S N ◽  
Aalap Das
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia arising from deregulation in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The current synthetic drugs have dose-dependent side effects which confined their uses. The phytochemicals are the natural compounds that have better therapeutic efficacy and interacts synergistically with oral hypoglycemic drugs. The addition of phytochemicals with OHDs may reduce the dose of synthetic drugs as well as their side effects and toxicity. A detailed outline about such combinations like Ferulic acid & THZ/Metformin, Ellagic acid & Pioglitazone (THZ), Chlorogenic acid & THZ/Metformin, Caffeic acid & THZ/Metformin, eugenol acid & THZ/Metformin, cinnamic acid & THZ/Metformin, p- coumaric acid & THZ/Metformin, Arecoline &Vanillic acid with the THZ/ Metformin have been illustrated. This review has also discussed the synergy and mechanism of phytochemical with the OHDs to combat hyperglycemia and other risk associated with it. A comprehensive review was conducted to pile up the information about polyphenols & synthetic drug combinations used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which has been carried out in-vitro or in-vivo and may contribute to identifying novel strategies in the treatment of T2D condition. This review shows the importance of the responsible bioactive agents present in medicinal plants in the drive to demonstrate their antidiabetic effects.

scholarly journals Extrinsic Factors Involved in the Differentiation of Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Cells: An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with many debilitating complications. Treatment of diabetes mellitus mainly revolves around conventional oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin replacement therapy. Recently, scientists have turned their attention to the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from stem cells of various sources. To date, many types of stem cells of human and animal origins have been successfully turned into IPCsin vitroand have been shown to exert glucose-lowering effectin vivo. However, scientists are still faced with the challenge of producing a sufficient number of IPCs that can in turn produce sufficient insulin for clinical use. A careful choice of stem cells, methods, and extrinsic factors for induction may all be contributing factors to successful production of functional beta-islet like IPCs. It is also important that the mechanism of differentiation and mechanism by which IPCs correct hyperglycaemia are carefully studied before they are used in human subjects.

scholarly journals TRIGONELLA FOENUM : A REVIEW OF HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Suryawati Suryawati ◽  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Firdausa Sarah ◽  
Azizah Vonna ◽  
Vera Dewi Mulia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Glucose Regulation ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Treatment of diabetes mellitus is intended to reduce the risk of blindness, kidney failure, neuropathy and heart disease that can develop due to the chronic increase in the blood glucose level. The selected hypoglycemic agents should be effective, safe and readily available. The widely used agents work by interrupting enzymes responsible for glucose regulation. Those enzymes are α-amilase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, aldose reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme. A medicinal plant, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has been used as an antidiabetic folk medicine. This review provides information related to in vitro studies showing antihyperglycemic activity of fenugreek along with an in vivo study in animals. In addition, potential phytochemicals that have been isolated from this plant are described and play a role in the searching for the most potent agents for diabetes mellitus therapy.

In vitro Thermal and Salt Stability of Pyruvate Kinase Are Increased by Proline Analogues and Trigonelline

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
a Shomer-Ilan ◽  
GP Jones ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

The nitrogenous compounds N-methyl-L-proline (MP), trans-4-hydroxy-N-methyl-L-proline (MHP) and trigonelline (T), which undergo stress-induced accumulation in some Australian plants, were analysed and compared with proline (P) and glycinebetaine (B) for possible protective roles. The activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), prepared from Zea mays leaves and rabbit muscle, was unaffected even in the presence of 750 mM of the proline analogues. Thus, MP and MHP, like P and B, have the properties to act in vivo as compatible osmotica. T was not as compatible, decreasing enzyme activity 20% at 0.5 M. Like P and B, however, MP, MHP and T all also exhibited protective properties. They increased, in vitro, the thermal stability of PK from both plant and animal sources, and they protected PK (Zea mays) from salt inhibition at two substrate levels. The effect of salt on PK (Zea mays) was substrate dependent; at low phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) levels, salt inhibited the enzyme activity, while salt effects were less severe in the presence of higher substrate levels. In the presence of high NaCl concentrations, the protective effects of high substrate levels and the compatible solutes seem to be additive. The Km (PEP) value of the plant PK increased in the presence of salt but the effect was ameliorated by the compatible solute MHP.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Pioglitazone Nanoparticles for the Effective Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
Revathi A. Gupta ◽  
P. Odaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Pioglitazone is designated as a BCS class II medication since it is weakly water soluble.The goal of this study was to create starch nanoparticles for the administration of Pioglitazone in attempt to lessen dose-related side effects and maybe prolong its release in the treatment of diabetes.Using starch as a polymer, tween 80 as a stearic barrier, and citric acid to enhance stability, nanoparticles were constructed using the solvent evaporation technique. In-vitro characterization techniques for drug-polymer compatibility, size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and delivery properties were performed on framed nanoparticles, followed by In-vivo studies.The compatible nature of selected excipients for the manufacture of Pioglitazone nanoparticles was shown by FTIR findings.The results of the XRD analysis revealed that the generated Pioglitazone nanoparticles were non-crystalline in nature.The selected developed Pioglitazone nanoparticles were in cubic phase with average particle size of 160.5 ± 11.24–245.4 ± 15.96 nm with charge ranging from 10.5 ± 6.21-138.6 ± 5.31mV.The encapsulation efficiency of Pioglitazone nanoparticles produced ranged from 57.24 5.80 to 89.96 1.9%. The In-vitro drug release studies of Pioglitazone nanoparticles showed controlled drug release profile. Furthermore, In-vivo investigations on blood glucose profiles revealed that the created Pioglitazone nanoparticles for the treatment of diabetes mellitus had a substantial effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document