scholarly journals The Neglected Significance of “Antioxidative Stress”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Poljsak ◽  
I. Milisav
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pathogen Defense ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Systemic Signaling ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Antioxidative Stress ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Toxic Byproduct

Oxidative stress arises when there is a marked imbalance between the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in favor of the prooxidant balance, leading to potential oxidative damage. ROSs were considered traditionally to be only a toxic byproduct of aerobic metabolism. However, recently, it has become apparent that ROS might control many different physiological processes such as induction of stress response, pathogen defense, and systemic signaling. Thus, the imbalance of the increased antioxidant potential, the so-called antioxidative stress, should be as dangerous as well. Here, we synthesize increasing evidence on “antioxidative stress-induced” beneficial versus harmful roles on health, disease, and aging processes. Oxidative stress is not necessarily an un-wanted situation, since its consequences may be beneficial for many physiological reactions in cells. On the other hand, there are potentially harmful effects of “antioxidative stress,” especially in the cases of overconsumption of synthetic antioxidants. Antioxidants can neutralize ROS and decrease oxidative stress; however, this is not always beneficial in regard to disease formation or progression (of, e.g., cancer) or for delaying aging.

scholarly journals Possible Biomarkers in Blood for Crohn’s Disease: Oxidative Stress and MicroRNAs—Current Evidences and Further Aspects to Unravel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Moret-Tatay ◽  
Marisa Iborra ◽  
Elena Cerrillo ◽  
Luis Tortosa ◽  
Pilar Nos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Transmural Inflammation ◽  
Harmful Effects

Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder characterised by a transmural inflammation of the intestinal wall. Although the physiopathology of the disease is not yet fully understood, it is clear that the immune response plays an important role in it. This hyperreactive immune system is accompanied by the presence of unregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). These elements are modulated in normal conditions by different elements, including enzymes that function as antioxidant defences preventing the harmful effects of ROS. However, in CD there is an imbalance between ROS production and these antioxidant elements, resulting in oxidative stress (OxS) phenomena. In fact, now OxS is being considered more a potential etiological factor for Crohn’s disease rather than a concomitant effect in the disease. The persistence of the OxS can also be influencing the evolution of the disease. Furthermore, the epigenetic mechanisms, above all microRNAs, are being considered key elements in the pathogenesis of CD. These elements and the presence of OxS have also been linked to several diseases. We, therefore, describe in this review the most significant findings related to oxidative stress and microRNAs profiles in the peripheral blood of CD patients.

scholarly journals Antioxidants: a brief review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Rekha Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Free Radical Chemistry

The field of free radical chemistry has gained a great deal of attention in recent years. Free radicals reactive oxygen species generated by our body by various endogenous systems leads to various pathological conditions. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is prerequisite for proper physiological function. Oxidative stress caused by generation of free radicals adversely alters lipids, proteins, and DNA and provokes a number of human ailments. Oxidative stress can be managed by using external sources of antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole have recently been reported to be harmful for human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with antioxidant activity has been escalated in recent years. The present review provides a brief overview on antioxidants and natural sources of antioxidants in the management of human diseases. Keywords: free radical, Oxidative stress, antioxidants,

scholarly journals Antioxidant Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Combat against Oxidative Stress

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Kanchan Bhardwaj ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Daljeet Singh Dhanjal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Functionalized Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Significant Attention

Numerous abiotic stresses trigger the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are highly toxic and reactive. These ROS are known to cause damage to carbohydrates, DNA, lipids and proteins, and build the oxidative stress and results in the induction of various diseases. To resolve this issue, antioxidants molecules have gained significant attention to scavenge these free radicals and ROS. However, poor absorption ability, difficulty in crossing the cell membranes and degradation of these antioxidants during delivery are the few challenges associated with both natural and synthetic antioxidants that limit their bioavailability. Moreover, the use of nanoparticles as an antioxidant is overlooked, and is limited to a few nanomaterials. To address these issues, antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles derived from various biological origin have emerged as an important alternative, because of properties like biocompatibility, high stability and targeted delivery. Algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens and plants are known as the producers of diverse secondary metabolites and phenolic compounds with extraordinary antioxidant properties. Hence, these compounds could be used in amalgamation with biogenic derived nanoparticles (NPs) for better antioxidant potential. This review intends to increase our knowledge about the antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles and the mechanism by which antioxidants empower nanoparticles to combat oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Mitochondrially targeted fluorescent redox sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Yang ◽  
Jacek L. Kolanowski ◽  
Elizabeth J. New
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Localization ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lipophilic Cation ◽  
Redox Sensors

The balance of oxidants and antioxidants within the cell is crucial for maintaining health, and regulating physiological processes such as signalling. Consequently, imbalances between oxidants and antioxidants are now understood to lead to oxidative stress, a physiological feature that underlies many diseases. These processes have spurred the field of chemical biology to develop a plethora of sensors, both small-molecule and fluorescent protein-based, for the detection of specific oxidizing species and general redox balances within cells. The mitochondrion, in particular, is the site of many vital redox reactions. There is therefore a need to target redox sensors to this particular organelle. It has been well established that targeting mitochondria can be achieved by the use of a lipophilic cation-targeting group, or by utilizing natural peptidic mitochondrial localization sequences. Here, we review how these two approaches have been used by a number of researchers to develop mitochondrially localized fluorescent redox sensors that are already proving useful in providing insights into the roles of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria.

scholarly journals Inula L. Secondary Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson R. Tavares ◽  
Ana M. L. Seca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Antioxidative Stress

An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species in the body can cause an increase of oxidative stress that leads to oxidative damage to cells and tissues, which culminates in the development or aggravation of some chronic diseases, such as inflammation, diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Secondary metabolites from Inula species can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of the oxidative stress-related diseases mentioned above. The databases Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science and the combining terms Inula, antioxidant and secondary metabolites were used in the research for this review. More than 120 articles are reviewed, highlighting the most active compounds with special emphasis on the elucidation of their antioxidative-stress mechanism of action, which increases the knowledge about their potential in the fight against inflammation, cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Alantolactone is the most polyvalent compound, reporting interesting EC50 values for several bioactivities, while 1-O-acetylbritannilactone can be pointed out as a promising lead compound for the development of analogues with interesting properties. The Inula genus is a good bet as source of structurally diverse compounds with antioxidant activity that can act via different mechanisms to fight several oxidative stress-related human diseases, being useful for development of new drugs.

Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Newly Designed Sesamol Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maria Castro Gonzalez ◽  
Annia Galano ◽  
J. Raul Alvarez-Idaboy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Harmful Effects

Chemical compounds with antioxidant behavior are recognized as efficient protectors against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other chemicals overproduced due to oxidative stress (OS). Sesamol has...

scholarly journals Mechanisms of PEDF-mediated protection against reactive oxygen species damage in diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. R129-R139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Elahy ◽  
Swati Baindur-Hudson ◽  
Vinicius F Cruzat ◽  
Philip Newsholme ◽  
Crispin R Dass
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a pluripotent glycoprotein belonging to the serpin family. PEDF can stimulate several physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and survival. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is the major cause of blindness in young diabetic adults. PEDF plays a protective role in DR and there is accumulating evidence of the neuroprotective effect of PEDF. In this paper, we review the role of PEDF and the mechanisms involved in its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.

scholarly journals Thiol disulfide homeostasis in primary dysmenorrhea

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Harmful Effects

Oxidative stress is defined as a result of the loss of balance between the production of free radical or reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system. This study aimed to determine the level of thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) in the serum of women with primary dysmenorrhea. The study group consisted of 42 subjects with primary dysmenorrhea, and the control group consisted of 30 volunteer women with demographic characteristics similar to the study group. Native thiol (SH), total thiol (TSH), disulphide (SS), and SH/SS parameters were measured for TDH of the subjects. The SH (p = 0.038) and SH/TSH (p = 0.046) levels were significantly higher while SS (p = 0.013), SS/SH (p = 0.042) and SS/TSH (p = 0.046) levels were lower in the study group than in the healthy control group. The SS cut-off value was determined as 17.85 in the study group (sensitivity = 61.9%, specificity = 43.3%). Therefore, the probability of dysmenorrhea may increase significantly when SS levels fall below this value. In subjects with dysmenorrhea, there was a decrease in SS levels and an increase in SH levels in order to protect the cells and tissues from the harmful effects of free radicals.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

Danshensu Rescues Ischemia/Reperfusion Caused Human Hepatocyte Death

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Sun Maw-Sheng ◽  
Liang Chun-Ya ◽  
Hsieh Po-Chun ◽  
Kuo Chan-Yen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate ◽  
Hepatocyte Damage ◽  
Hepatocyte Death

Apoptosis of hepatocyte, under ischemia/reperfusion (IR) conditions, has been identified as an essential process in the progression of liver transplantation. Under these conditions, mitochondria can become a threat to the cell because of their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS overproduction may induce inflammation. As ROS accumulation appears to cause hepatocyte damage or death, there has been considerable interest in identifying the candidate natural products involved and in developing strategies to reduce oxidative stress. In this study, we use Danshensu as a candidate product to speculate whether has the protective effect on apoptotic hepatocyte upon IR. To speculate the apoptotic phenomena was reversed by Danshensu, we detected the p53, cleaved-caspase 3 expression by western blotting, as well as caspase-3 activity. Additionally, we analyzed the ROS levels by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staining. We also detected the cell viability by WST-1. Results showed that Danshensu alleviated hypoxia-caused cell apoptosis via ROS overproduction. We suggested that Danshensu is a good strategy for treating hepatocyte damage upon IR.

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