scholarly journals Hot Corrosion Behavior of High-Chromium, High-Carbon Cast Irons in NaCl-KCl Molten Salts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vuelvas-Rayo ◽  
J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
V. M. Salinas-Bravo ◽  
S. I. Maldonado-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Type Stainless Steel

A study on the corrosion behavior of a series of experimental high-chromium (18.53–30.48 wt.%), high-carbon (3.82–5.17%) cast irons in NaCl-KCl (1 : 1 M) at 670°C has been evaluated by using weight loss technique and compared with a 304-type stainless steel. It was found that all castings had a higher corrosion rate than conventional 304SS and that the addition of Cr increased the degradation rate of the cast irons. Additionally, corrosion rate increased by increasing the C contents up to 4.29%, but it decreased with a further increase in its contents. Results are discussed in terms of consumption of the Cr2O3layer by the melt.

scholarly journals Effect of Minor Alloying Elements on the Corrosion Behavior of Fe40Al in NaCl-KCl Molten Salts

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Salinas ◽  
J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
J. Porcayo-Calderon ◽  
V. M. Salinas-Bravo ◽  
M. A. Espinoza-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Stainless Steel ◽  
Waste Gasification

The hot corrosion behavior of Fe40Al intermetallic alloyed with Ag, Cu, Li, and Ni (1–5 at.%) in NaCl-KCl (1 : 1 M) at 670°C, typical of waste gasification environments, has been evaluated by using polarization curves and weight loss techniques and compared with a 304-type stainless steel. Both gravimetric and electrochemical techniques showed that all different Fe40Al-base alloys have a much higher corrosion resistance than that for stainless steel. Among the different Fe40Al-based alloys, the corrosion rate was very similar among each other, but it was evident that the addition of Li decreased their corrosion rate whereas all the other elements increased it. Results have been explained in terms of the formation and stability of an external, protective Al2O3layer.

Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in Industrial White Liquor

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2558 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Esteves ◽  
Mônica M.A.M. Schvartzman ◽  
Wagner Reis da Costa Campos ◽  
Vanessa F.C. Lins
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Extrapolation Method ◽  
White Liquor ◽  
Duplex Steel ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Lower Corrosion Rate

Specimens of lean duplex and duplex stainless steel were exposed at 200°C in industrial white liquor from a Brazilian kraft mill using an autoclave to simulate the same conditions of digester processing. Tafel extrapolation method and weight loss were used to evaluate corrosion behavior of duplex steel in white liquor. The higher alloy steel, although presenting a lower corrosion rate than the lean duplex, presents a more severe selective attack on ferrite, at 200°C and 1.8 MPa, after Tafel extrapolation method in industrial white liquor.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Materials Al5083 Alloy, 316L Stainless Steel and A681 Carbon Steel in Seawater

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Gina Genoveva ISTRATE ◽  
Alina Crina MUREȘAN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Test Technique

In this paper the corrosion behavior of different materials has been evaluated based on exposure in seawater. The laboratory immersion test technique has been applied to evaluate the effect of seawater on the corrosion behavior of different materials. In three sets of experiments, carbon steels (A681 Type O7), austenitic stainless steels (316L) and aluminium alloys (Al5083) were utilized. The specimens were fixed fully submerged in seawater. The corrosion process was evaluated using weight loss method, open-circuit potential measurements (OCP) and polarization techniques. To determine gravimetric index and the rate of penetration, samples were immersed in corrosive environment for 89 days and weighed periodically. The electrochemical experiments were conducted with a Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PGP 201) analyzer. It was connected to a PC. The Voltamaster software was used for electrochemical data analysis. A three-electrode cell composed of a specimen as a working electrode, Pt as counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) (Hg (l)/ Hg2Cl2 (s)) as a reference electrode were used for the tests. The weight loss tests revealed the lowest corrosion rate values for stainless steel and aluminium alloys, indicating a beneficial use for these materials in marine environments. The potentiodynamic method shows that the lowest corrosion rate in seawater (2.8 μm /year) was obtained for the Al5083 alloy, and the highest value of the corrosion rate (41.67 μm/year) for A681 carbon steel.

Effect of Elemental Sulfur on Corrosion Behavior of Super 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Dong Zhu ◽  
Hai Xia Ma ◽  
Jin Ling Li ◽  
Zhi Gang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Corrosion Scales

Effects of elemental sulfur on corrosion behavior of super 13Cr martensitic stainless steel were investigated by utilizing weight loss test, and the micro morphologies and chemical elements of corrosion scales were characterized by using SEM and EDS. The results showed that corrosion resistance of super 13Cr stainless steel was aggravated by the hydrolytic action of sulfur, the corrosion rate of super 13Cr stainless steel increased with the increasing of sulfur content, and firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of temperature due to the activated adsorption and existential state of sulfur at the different temperatures.

AISI TYPE 440B

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type

Abstract AISI Type 440B is a hardenable high-carbon high-chromium steel recommended stainless for cutlery, valve parts, ball bearings, pivot pins, etc. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-223. Producer or source: Stainless steel mills.

FERRO-TIC CS-40

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
American Corporation ◽  
Carbide Particles

Abstract FERRO-TIC CS-40 is a tool steel comprising titanium carbide particles bonded in a matrix of high-carbon high-chromium martensitic stainless steel. It is machinable and heat-treatable by conventional means, and is recommended for wear-resistant components where corrosion resistance is a requirement. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-258. Producer or source: Chromalloy American Corporation, Sintercast Division.

Feasibility Study on Optimisation of Material Selection for High Temperature Sour Gas Producer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helmi Nordin ◽  
M. Wahidullah Moh Wahi ◽  
Amresh Sashidharan ◽  
Nurfuzaini A. Karim ◽  
Alif Syahrizad Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Selection For

Abstract K field is a green field in East Malaysia with prolific gas reserves that is being developed with six high rate gas producing wells from high temperature (190 °C) carbonate reservoir. Tubular material feasibility study is one of the key subjects of scrutiny when it comes to completing wells in high temperature environment coupled with existence of significant level of H2S and CO2 contents. Material testing was conducted at the specified test environments (102 bar CO2 + 120ppm H2S) and load cases to assess susceptibility of Martensitic Stainless Steel to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), corrosion rate and compatibility with completion brine. The aim was to optimize the material selection that is fit for purpose (lower completion and flow-wetted area of production casing) and reduce well cost up to USD 2.5 million. The base case of material selection for flow-wetted section is 17CR110 ksi, which meets the design requirements of these wells based on fit for purpose test conducted in the data base. Flow-wetted section in this case is production liner and flow-wetted section of production casing below production packer. Super 13CR -110 ksi and 15CR125 ksi material grades were considered for design optimization for this section of interest. Four Point Bend Method was used for SCC test sets while weight loss method for corrosion rate measurement. For brine compatibility test, calcium bromide (without additive) was used as test solution for 17CR 110 ksi, 15CR 125 ksi and Super 13CR -110 ksi with elevated temperature of 190 °C. Post-test assessment was conducted by visual examination by stereomicroscope to check for surface indication and dye-penetrant examination to determine any indication of cracks. It was observed that the Super 13CR -110 ksi and 15CR 125 ksi test specimens survived the test with no pitting observed. Meanwhile, test specimens were weighed to determine corrosion rates, resulted to Super 13CR -110 ksi sample having an average corrosion rate of 0.2195 mm/year. This translates to less than 30% weight loss throughout well production life and therefore accepted for open-hole production liner and production casing flow-wetted section. Key enabler in this design optimization effort is the understanding of the Stress Corrosion Cracking for martensitic stainless steel in high temperature sour environment where commonly, martensitic stainless steel (Super 13Cr / Modified Super 13Cr) working temperature is 165 °C. The test manages to extend the working temperature up to 190 °C.

Carbide Fragmentation and Dissolution in a High-Carbon High-Chromium Steel Using Hot Rolling Process: Microstructure Evolution, Wear, High-Temperature Oxidation, and Chloride-Induced Corrosion Properties

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2749 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 958-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Shahsanaei ◽  
Sadegh Pour-Ali ◽  
Ali-Reza Kiani-Rashid ◽  
Sannakaisa Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
High Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Hot Rolling Process

A series of hot rolling processes with different reduction percentages (10%, 30%, and 50%) were applied to a high-carbon high-chromium tool steel (2HCTS). Microstructural evolutions, wear behavior, high-temperature oxidation, and aqueous corrosion properties were investigated. The results revealed the breakage and dissolution of primary carbides and a uniform carbide distribution after the hot rolling process. It was proposed that the presence of higher amounts of dissolved chromium in the hot rolled samples leads to the formation of Cr-rich oxides with more protection and less porosity at high temperatures, as well as an improved corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This improvement in the corrosion behavior is not at the expense of the degradation of wear resistance. Probable mechanisms for carbides dissolution are also discussed.

Effect of the Flow Velocity on the Corrosion Behavior of UNS S41426 Stainless Steel in the Extremely Aggressive Oilfield Environment for the Tarim Area

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2813 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 654-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Limin Chang ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Xie ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Experimental Results

Effect of flow velocity on the passive film and pitting corrosion behavior of UNS S41426 stainless steel (SS) under the extreme oilfield environment was investigated using different techniques such as microscopy, nanoindentation, and electrochemical techniques. The experimental results show that the corrosion rate of UNS S41426 SS increased with velocity. The increase in flow velocity decreased the thickness and content of amorphous Cr(OH)3 (s) in the film. This in turn increased the density of phase boundary, resulting in a higher defect density. Thus, the UNS S41426 SS film became susceptible to breaking. Furthermore, the pitting had a higher susceptibility to grow to a larger size both in the vertical and horizontal directions with the increase in flow velocity.

Application of mathematical tools and techniques in monitoring and predicting stainless steel corrosion in river water media environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Fresh Water Environment

The application of mathematical tools and techniques were applied in the process of monitoring and predicting the corrosion rate and weight loss of stainless steel in salt and fresh water environment of Niger Delta region in Nigeria. The functional parameters used in the mathematical demonstration to compute the corrosion rate and weight loss were obtained from the experimental data and these functional coefficients were fitted into the power and quadratic model. The experimental corrosion rate and weight loss value was compared with the theoretical computed value for both model of quadratic and power concept approach and the result obtained demonstrate a good match indicating the reliability of the concepts on monitoring and predicting the process. In this case, the corrosion rate and weight loss was experienced to be more rapid in the salt water environment than the fresh water environment; this can be attributed to the characteristics of the salt water concentration of the physicochemical parameters that is a major contributing factor for increase in corrosion rate and weight of metals in aqueous media.

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