scholarly journals Maternal Plasma Phosphatidylcholine Fatty Acids and Atopy and Wheeze in the Offspring at Age of 6 Years

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine C. Pike ◽  
Philip C. Calder ◽  
Hazel M. Inskip ◽  
Sian M. Robinson ◽  
Graham C. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Reduced Risk

Variation in exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might influence the development of atopy, asthma, and wheeze. This study aimed to determine whether differences in PUFA concentrations in maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine are associated with the risk of childhood wheeze or atopy. For 865 term-born children, we measured phosphatidylcholine fatty acid composition in maternal plasma collected at 34 weeks’ gestation. Wheezing was classified using questionnaires at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months and 6 years. At age of 6 years, the children underwent skin prick testing, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurement, and spirometry. Maternaln-6 fatty acids and the ratio ofn-3 ton-6 fatty acids were not associated with childhood wheeze. However, higher maternal eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and totaln-3 fatty acids were associated with reduced risk of non-atopic persistent/late wheeze (RR 0.57, 0.67 and 0.69, resp.P=0.01, 0.015, and 0.021, resp.). Maternal arachidonic acid was positively associated with FENO (P=0.024). A higher ratio of linoleic acid to its unsaturated metabolic products was associated with reduced risk of skin sensitisation (RR 0.82,P=0.013). These associations provide some support for the hypothesis that variation in exposure ton-6 andn-3 fatty acids during pregnancy influences the risk of childhood wheeze and atopy.

scholarly journals Macrophage activation by lipopolysaccharide, interferon-γ and interleukin-4: effect of fatty acid metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Darmani ◽  
J. L. Harwood ◽  
J. Parton ◽  
S. K. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Ifn Γ

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interferon-γ and -β (IFN-γ, -β), interleukin-4 and -10 (IL-4, -10) and Hpopolysaccharide (LPS) on the metabolism and composition of phospholipid fatty acids in macrophages. Murine J774.2 macrophages were incubated with radiolabelled fatty acids and the appropriate stimulus and the incorporation and composition of the phospholipid classes was determined. IFN-γ and IL-4 specifically stimulated enhanced incorporation of [14C]-linoleic acid into the phosphatidytethanolamine fraction. IL-4 (in contrast to IFN-γ and LPS) reduced incorporation of [14C]- arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol. Incubation of J774.2 cells with linoleic acid significantly increased TNFα and nitric oxide production; arachidonic acid enhanced TNFα production but reduced nitric oxide production. It is concluded that IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 may differentially regulate macrophage activation via effects on the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Lankinen ◽  
Alexander Fauland ◽  
Bun-ichi Shimizu ◽  
Jyrki Ågren ◽  
Craig E Wheelock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Limited Information

ABSTRACT Background The health benefits of substituting dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids are well known. However, limited information exists on how the response to dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n–6) is modified by polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster. Objectives The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the FADS1 rs174550 genotype modifies the effect of dietary LA intake on the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, fasting glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods Associations were investigated between genotype, plasma PUFAs, fasting glucose, and hsCRP concentrations in the cross-sectional, population-based Metabolic Syndrome in Men cohort (n = 1337). In addition, 62 healthy men from the cohort who were homozygotes for the TT or CC genotype of the FADS1 rs174550 were recruited to a 4-wk intervention (FADSDIET) with an LA-enriched diet. The fatty acid composition of plasma PUFAs and concentrations of plasma fasting glucose, serum hsCRP, and plasma lipid mediators (eicosanoids and related analogs) were measured at the beginning and end of the 4-wk intervention period. Results In the FADSDIET trial, the plasma LA proportion increased in both genotype groups in response to an LA-enriched diet. Responses in concentrations of serum hsCRP and plasma fasting glucose and the proportion of arachidonic acid (20:4n–6) in plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters differed between genotype groups (interaction of diet × genotype, P < 0.05). In TT homozygous subjects, plasma eicosanoid concentrations correlated with the arachidonic acid proportion in plasma and with hsCRP (r = 0.4–0.7, P < 0.05), whereas in the CC genotype there were no correlations. Conclusions Our findings show that the FADS1 genotype modifies metabolic responses to dietary LA. The emerging concept that personalized dietary counseling should be modified by the FADS1 genotype needs to be tested in larger randomized trials. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02543216.

scholarly journals Thromboregulation by Platelet Phospholipid Fatty Acids: Effect of Dietary Linoleate

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hornstra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Platelet Phospholipid ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Dietary Linoleate

It is thought that fatty acids, released from certain platelet phospholipids regulate the platelet release reaction and, thereby, thrombus formation. Arachidonic acid (AA) has been shown to be of major importance in this respect, since it is converted by the cyclo-oxygenase (CO-) system to release-inducing substances. However, the AA-CO interaction is inhibited competitively by other poly-unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (LA). This implies that the ultimate thrombotic response will depend on the ratio between AA and competing fatty acids, released upon platelet activation and, consequently, on the fatty acid composition of certain platelet phospholipids.In rats, the ratio between AA and LA from platelet phosphotidylcholine is found to be negatively related to the dietary LA content. Since phosphotidylcholine has been shown to be the main source of AA, this finding may explain the well-established anti-thrombotic effect of dietary linoleate.

scholarly journals Adrenaline Stimulation of Phospholipid Metabolism in Adipocyte Ghosts

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
David Mann ◽  
Audrey M Bersten
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

The incorporation of long-chain fatty acids into phospholipids has been detected in adipocyte ghosts that were incubated with [1_14 C] stearic, [1_14 C] linoleic or [l_14C] arachidonic acid. Adrenaline and adenosine activated this incorporation within 15 s of exposure of the ghosts to the hormones and the response was dose dependent. Maximum incorporation of labelled linoleic acid occurred at 10-5 M adrenaline and 10-7 M adenosine. The a-agonist phenylephrine and the ~-agonist isoproterenol were also shown to stimulate the incorporation of fatty acid in a dose dependent manner. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were each labelled preferentially with linoleic or arachidonic acid. p-Bromophenacylbromide, quinacrine and centrophenoxine inhibited the adrenaline-stimulated incorporation of fatty acids into ghost membrane phospholipids, and p-bromophenacylbromide also reduced the activation of adenylate cyclase by adrenaline. NaF, an activator of adenylate cyclase, like adrenaline, stimulated the incorporation of linoleic acid into ghost membrane phospholipids.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS IN HYPER- AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Kirkeby
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosatrienoic Acid ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Absolute Concentrations

ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and triglycerides of the serum has been studied in groups of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid women and also in control material matched for age. In hyperthyroidism, a decrease in the proportions of linoleic acid and an increase in the proportions of some saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were observed. When absolute concentrations were considered, it appeared that the decrease in linoleic acid was almost equivalent to the entire decrease in total fatty acids in the serum of the hyperthyroid patients. In hypothyroidism no changes were noted in the proportions of linoleic, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and the absolute concentrations reflected the general increase in serum lipids. It is believed that these findings may be explained by the changes in lipid turnover which are known to occur in disturbances of thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, they lead to a linoleic acid deficiency, while a sparing effect must be operating in hypothyroidism. The finding of relatively high linoleic acid values combined with hyperlipaemia in hypothyroidism seems to be characteristic of the condition, since other types of hyperlipaemia are almost invariably combined with low percentages of linoleic acid. Results regarding arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acid are consistent with increased synthesis in hyperthyroidism, and decreased synthesis in hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Recovery of Fatty Acid Composition in Mediterranean Yellowtail (Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810) fed a Fish-Oil Finishing Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4871
Author(s):  
Francesco Bordignon ◽  
Silvia Martínez-Llorens ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
Miguel Jover-Cerdá ◽  
Ana Tomás-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Fa Composition

The present study evaluated the effects of wash-out on the fatty acid (FA) composition in the muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail. After 109 days during which fish were fed either a fish oil (FO)-based diet (FO 100) or a diet (FO 0) in which FO was completely substituted by vegetable oils, all fish were subjected to a wash-out with FO 100 diet for 90 days. The FA profile of muscles in fish fed FO 0 diet at the beginning of the experiment reflected that of dietary vegetable oils, rich in linoleic acid (LA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA), and was deficient in AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). No essential FA were fully restored in fish previously fed FO 0 diet on 45th or 90th day of wash-out. At the end of wash-out, the FA composition showed that AA, EPA, and DHA in the white muscles increased by +33%, +16%, and +43% (p < 0.001), respectively. Similarly, AA and DHA in the red muscles increased by +33% and +41% respectively, while EPA remained similar to fish fed FO 0 diet exclusively. Therefore, a 90-d wash-out can partially improve the FA profile in muscles of Mediterranean yellowtail previously fed vegetable oil-based diets.

scholarly journals Exposure to a Farm Environment During Pregnancy Increases the Proportion of Arachidonic Acid in the Cord Sera of Offspring

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Barman ◽  
Karin Jonsson ◽  
Agnes E. Wold ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Adrenic Acid

Growing up in a farm environment is protective against allergy development. Various explanations have been put forward to explain this association. Fatty acids are regulators of immune function and the composition of fatty acids in the circulation system may affect immune development. Here, we investigate whether the fatty acid composition of cord serum differs for infants born to Farm (n = 26) or non-Farm mothers (n =29) in the FARMFLORA birth-cohort. For comparison, the levels of fatty acids in the maternal diet, serum and breast milk around 1 month post-partum were recorded. The fatty acids in the cord sera from infants born to Farm mothers had higher proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) than those from infants born to non-Farm mothers. No differences were found for either arachidonic acid or adrenic acid in the diet, samples of the serum, or breast milk from Farm and non-Farm mothers obtained around 1 month post-partum. The arachidonic and adrenic acid levels in the cord blood were unrelated to allergy outcome for the infants. The results suggest that a farm environment may be associated with the fatty acid composition to which the fetus is exposed during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Impact of methods used to express levels of circulating fatty acids on the degree and direction of associations with blood lipids in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sergeant ◽  
Ingo Ruczinski ◽  
Priscilla Ivester ◽  
Tammy C. Lee ◽  
Timothy M. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractNumerous studies have examined relationships between disease biomarkers (such as blood lipids) and levels of circulating or cellular fatty acids. In such association studies, fatty acids have typically been expressed as the percentage of a particular fatty acid relative to the total fatty acids in a sample. Using two human cohorts, this study examined relationships between blood lipids (TAG, and LDL, HDL or total cholesterol) and circulating fatty acids expressed either as a percentage of total or as concentration in serum. The direction of the correlation between stearic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and DHA and circulating TAG reversed when fatty acids were expressed as concentrationsv. a percentage of total. Similar reversals were observed for these fatty acids when examining their associations with the ratio of total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol. This reversal pattern was replicated in serum samples from both human cohorts. The correlations between blood lipids and fatty acids expressed as a percentage of total could be mathematically modelled from the concentration data. These data reveal that the different methods of expressing fatty acids lead to dissimilar correlations between blood lipids and certain fatty acids. This study raises important questions about how such reversals in association patterns impact the interpretation of numerous association studies evaluating fatty acids and their relationships with disease biomarkers or risk.

Fatty Acid Composition of Yak (Bos grunniens) Cheese Including Conjugated Linoleic Acid andtrans-18:1 Fatty Acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1654-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamun M. Or-Rashid ◽  
Nicholas E. Odongo ◽  
Bhishma Subedi ◽  
Pralhad Karki ◽  
Brian W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bos Grunniens

scholarly journals Evidence that adverse effects of zinc deficiency on essential fatty acid composition in rats are independent of food intake

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cunnane
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Acid Ratio

1. Young male rats were fed on diets containing 3·4, 36 or 411 mg zinc/kg for 10 weeks in order to determine whether effects of Zn deficiency on plasma and liver essential fatty acid composition could be distinguished from those of reduced protein and energy intake.2. Fatty acid analysis revealed that a Zn intake of 3·4 mg/kg (plasma Zn 0·80 v. 1·97 mmol/l in controls fed on 36 mg Zn/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the linoleic acid: arachidonic acid ratio in both plasma and liver phospholipids in comparison with rats fed on 36 or 411 mg Zn/kg.3. Zn supplementation (411 mg/kg) decreased the linoleic acid: arachidonic acid ratio in plasma phosphatidylserine compared with that of the controls.4. The previously reported increase in arachidonic acid (mol %) in liver triacylglycerol of Zn-deficient rats was shown to be a function of a reduced liver triacylglycerol pool size; quantitatively, triacylglycerol content of arachidonic acid in the liver was not significantly affected by Zn intake.

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