scholarly journals Evaluation of Protein Concentration and Limiting Amino Acids Including Lysine and Met + Cys in Prestarter Diet on Performance of Broilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Farkhoy ◽  
Mehrdad Modirsanei ◽  
Omid Ghavidel ◽  
Majid Sadegh ◽  
Sadegh Jafarnejad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Different Levels

Four experiments were conducted, in two stages, to evaluate protein and limiting amino acids' (lysine and methionine + cystine) levels in pre-starter diets on broilers’ performance. In each experiment of Stage 1, 640 new-born male Ross 308 cockerels were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. In experiment 1-1, two levels of crude protein (CP: 21% and 23.2%) and four levels of Lys (1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5%) and in experiment 1-2, two levels of CP (21 and 23.2%) and four levels of Met + Cys (0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 1.00%) were used. In Stage 2, the optimum levels of Lys and Met + Cys obtained from Stage 1 (1.3 and 1.5% Lys, 0.90 and 1.00% Met + Cys in experiment 1-1 and 1-2, resp.) with two levels of CP (21 and 23.2%) were used in two separate simultaneous experiments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for male and female birds. The levels of CP significantly influenced BWG and FCR in experiment 1-1. Dietary levels of Lys affect BWG (experiment 1-1) and FI (experiments 1-1 and 2-1) significantly. In experiments 1-2 and 2-2, the different levels of Met + Cys did not affect BWG, FI, and FCR of male or female broilers. The results of these experiments indicated that the optimal level of dietary protein and Lys were 23.2% and 1.5%, respectively. Diets with 1% Met + Cys caused optimal performance.

Use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict and compare the composition of carcass samples from young steers

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanderson ◽  
S. J. Lister ◽  
M. S. Dhanoa ◽  
R. J. Barnes ◽  
C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of level of feeding and level offish-meal supplementation on the carcass composition of young steers and in doing so, to assess the potential for employing near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) in such studies. In addition to wet chemical techniques, NIRS was used to examine carcass samples from animals offered silage-based diets at one of four levels of feeding ranging from near maintenance to ad libitum and with one of four levels offish meal (0, 50,100 or 150 g/kg silage dry matter).Wet chemical data indicated an increase in fat concentration (P < 0·001) and decrease in crude protein concentration (P < 0·05) in the fresh carcass in response to increasing level of feeding but no statistically significant effect of level of fish meal. Ash concentration was not affected significantly by either level of feeding or level of fish-meal supplementation. Ground, freeze-dried samples were scanned in the wavelength range 1100 to 2498 nm. Calibration equations for ash, fat and crude protein concentration (g/kg carcass) were derived using a modified partial least-squares regression technique. Equations were found to be superior for fat compared with those for crude protein and ash. Standard errors of calibration (g/kg carcass) and multiple correlation coefficients of 6·96 and 0·42, 6·61 and 0·95 and 4·36 and 0·61 were obtained for ash, fat and crude protein respectively with corresponding standard errors of cross validation of 7·71, 7·82 and 4·96 g/kg carcass respectively. Qualitative analysis of spectral information using multivariate techniques and difference spectra clearly showed differences in carcass composition resulting from the different levels of feeding and less so the different levels offish-meal supplementation.It is shown, that NIRS can be used both quantitatively and qualitatively to study the effects of nutrition on carcass composition.

scholarly journals Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Foltyn ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
I. Šafařík ◽  
A. Lohniský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of extruded full-fat soybean (EFFSB) in the diet on growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in digesta of broilers was determined. In the first experiment, two-hundred sixty ROSS 308 male chickens were used to investigate the effect of EFFSB on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in the digesta and AIAAD. Five dietary treatments were used, containing 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. The inclusion of EFFSB at the level of 160 g/kg in the diet significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased final body weight (2443 g in 0 group vs. 2093 in 160 group) and worsened feed efficiency. AIAAD was lower when diet contained more than 40 g/kg EFFSB. But at the level of 160 g/kg AIAAD increased in several amino acids (threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine). Trypsin activity increased with increasing EFFSB in the diets. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) differences in AIAAD between groups 80, 120, and 160. Villus height (groups 0: 966.2; 4: 852.1; 8: 792.6; 12: 836.3; 16: 926.7 &micro;m) and crypt depth (groups&nbsp;0: 160.1; 4: 134.8; 8: 122.9; 12: 129.5; 16: 134.6 &micro;m) of ileum decreased with inclusion of EFFSB in the diet, but villi/crypt ratio increased. In the second experiment, male chickens ROSS 308 were divided into 4&nbsp;groups with 2 replicates per 100 chicks each. The groups were fed 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. Final body weight (2594 g in 0 group vs. 2624 g in 120 group) was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) affected by the diet. The study showed that EFFSB at the level of 120 g/kg in grower broiler diet had no adverse effect on performance. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of dietary supplemental caprylic acid and vitamin E on performance, breast muscle vitamin E and A, and oxidative stability in broilers

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
G. Dlouhá ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
K. Červinková
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The paper reports data from four experiments (EXP). Broiler cockerels Ross 308 were allocated to 3 or 5 (EXP 4) dietary treatments comprising 300 (3 replicated pens of 100 chicks per pen), 50, 50&nbsp;or 100&nbsp;chickens. The EXP lasted 42, 38, 42 and 38 days. All basal diets contained adequate ingredients. The inclusion of 0.5% caprylic acid (CA) in diets reduced (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05) body weight (EXP 1). The results of EXP 3 and 4 indicated that the diet supplemented with 0.25% CA and 30 mg vitamin E (total vitamin E concentration 50&nbsp;mg) resulted in similar BW like the basal diet, but the increased supplemental vitamin E to 150 mg (EXP 3) or to 100 mg (EXP 4) decreased (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05 and <I>P </I>&lt; 0.001) BW and increased mortality. No differences were found between the fat and crude protein contents in dry matter of breast meat. Higher vitamin E doses in feed mixture significantly (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.001) increased the content of vitamins soluble in fats in breast meat – vitamin E (from 28.54 in the control to 80.28&nbsp;mg/kg of dry matter) and vitamin A (from 0.34 to 0.44 mg/kg of dry matter). The&nbsp;addition of caprylic acid significantly decreased the speed of lipid oxidation measured after 3&nbsp;(<I>P </I>&lt; 0.02) and 5 (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05) days of storage in refrigerator at a temperature from 2.5 to 4°C. On the contrary, higher vitamin E doses and basal diet without CA supplement increased the oxidation of lipids.

Effect of dietary potassium on concentration of lysine in plasma of finishing cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-611
Author(s):  
G. L. Newton ◽  
G. M. Hill ◽  
R. W. Beaver ◽  
B. G. Mullinix Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
High K ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

High K intakes have been shown to affect lysine metabolism in swine and poultry. This effect may result in improved performance and its primary manifestation is a decrease in plasma and tissue lysine concentration. In order to evaluate the effects of supplemental K and crude protein (CP) on the concentration of amino acids in plasma (PLAA) and growth performance, 72 cattle (48 heifers + 24 steers, weighing 425 ± 35 kg) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design trial. After 28 d on feed, there was a trend (P = 0.09) for an interaction effect of K (1% KCl) and CP (6% cottonseed meal) on plasma lysine. At 56 d there was an interaction (P = 0.02) of K and CP on plasma lysine. Supplemental K decreased (P = 0.01) plasma lysine in the absence of CP supplement, and increased it (P = 0.04) in the presence of CP. Supplemental CP decreased (P = 0.001) plasma lysine in the absence of supplemental K, but not in its presence. Addition of K, CP or both K and CP to the corn-peanut hull diet did not affect weight gain or feed efficiency. Addition of CP tended (P = 0.09) to increase feed intake over the entire trial. Carcass quality grade was lower (P = 0.03) for cattle fed CP supplement than for cattle not fed supplemental CP. Key words: Cattle, potassium, crude protein, plasma amino acids, lysine

Evaluation of Pigeon pea (Cajanus Cajan L.) Genotypes for Nutritional Quality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Kachare ◽  
R. D. Satbhai ◽  
D. B. Rathod ◽  
R. M. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Methionine Content

An experiment was conducted for evaluation of proximate composition of 25 pigeon pea genotypes (Cajanus cajan L.)”differing in colour. The analysis revealed significant differences in the content of moisture (7.04-12.09%); crude protein (17.62- 25.45%); crude fat (1.41-2.93%); carbohydrate, (49.68-60.48) and ash (3.05-5.00%). Limiting amino acids viz tryptophan and methionine were ranged from 0.56-1.03 and 0.70-1.16 g/16g N respectively. The genotype PT-012-16 was found to be high in protein (25.45%), whereas the genotype PT-04-391 recorded the highest fat (2.93%). The higher tryptophan was observed in genotype PT-012-26 (1.03 g/16g N) whereas highest methionine content was recorded in PT-012-6 (1.16 g/16g N). All genotypes under study were found to be deficient in both the limiting amino acids tryptophan and methionine when compared with the WHO/FAO reference standard. This study revealed that the genotypes PT-012-9, PT-012-16 and PT-012-23 were found to be promising for future breeding programme for nutritional quality improvement.

scholarly journals Effect of incremental levels of L-lysine and determination of the limiting amino acids in low crude protein corn-soybean meal diets for broilers

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Waguespack ◽  
S. Powell ◽  
T.D. Bidner ◽  
R.L. Payne ◽  
L.L. Southern
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

scholarly journals Amino Acids Content Comparison with Different Processing Methods (Cook, Raw and Fermented) and Inclusion Levels of Delonix regia in Formulated Fish Diets

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bosede Oyegbile ◽  
Okeke Rufina Obioma ◽  
Yunusa Abubakar ◽  
Idris Abdullahi ◽  
Stanley David Oziegbe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Range Test

This study investigated the effects of different processing methods of Delonix regia seeds on amino acids composition of experimental diets. Ten isonitrogenous diets (40% crude protein) were formulated with cooked, raw and fermented Delonix regia seeds at 0% (Control), 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels respectively. Data were analysed using Analysis of Variance, significant differences in means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. All the essential amino acids (lysine, arginine, threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine) differs significantly among the treatments except histidine which was statistically similar (P > 0.05) across the dietary treatments. The activity of essential and non- essential amino acid concentration was higher in cooked than the fermented and raw Delonix regia seeds. It was concluded that cooked Delonix regia seeds at 10% inclusion levels had the highest activities of essential and non-essential amino acids and could be used to supplement conventional feedstuff for livestock especially in fish nutrition and bioenergetics.

scholarly journals Limiting amino acids supplementation in low crude protein diets and their impacts on growth performance and carcass composition in Labeo rohita (rohu) adult fish

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ayub ◽  
F. Rasool ◽  
N. Khan ◽  
S. N. Qaisrani ◽  
S. Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Abstract Ninety days study was conducted in hapas installed in earthen ponds. Fish of an average initial weight (220g) were evenly distributed in triplicate groups within fifteen hapas. Five experimental diets labeled as T1 (25% CP and NRC recommended amino acid level) as control diet, T2 (with 2% low protein and 5% amino acid supplementation), T3 (with 2% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation), T4 (with 4% low protein and 10% amino acid supplementation) and T5 (with 4% low protein and 20% amino acid supplementation) were prepared. Fish were fed with @3% of their body weight twice a day at 10.00 & 16:00 hour. Significantly higher percent weight gain (420.18 ± 66.84a) and specific growth rate (13499.33±1273.54a) along with improved feed conversion ratio (1.29 ± 0.09b) and hundred percent survivals were recorded during the trial. Furthermore proximate analysis of meat showed significant improvement in the crude protein level (81.77 ± 0.19a) served with diet containing 20% limiting amino acids mixture. Therefore, limiting amino acids can be a source of cost effective feed and use safely in L. rohita diet.

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