scholarly journals The Potential of Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Grasses in Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinaporn Wongwatanapaiboon ◽  
Kunn Kangvansaichol ◽  
Vorakan Burapatana ◽  
Ratanavalee Inochanon ◽  
Pakorn Winayanuwattikun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide

The grasses in Thailand were analyzed for the potentiality as the alternative energy crops for cellulosic ethanol production by biological process. The average percentage composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the samples of 18 types of grasses from various provinces was determined as 31.85–38.51, 31.13–42.61, and 3.10–5.64, respectively. The samples were initially pretreated with alkaline peroxide followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to investigate the enzymatic saccharification. The total reducing sugars in most grasses ranging from 500–600 mg/g grasses (70–80% yield) were obtained. Subsequently, 11 types of grasses were selected as feedstocks for the ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF). The enzymes, cellulase and xylanase, were utilized for hydrolysis and the yeasts,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeandPichia stipitis,were applied for cofermentation at 35°C for 7 days. From the results, the highest yield of ethanol, 1.14 g/L or 0.14 g/g substrate equivalent to 32.72% of the theoretical values was obtained from Sri Lanka ecotype vetiver grass. When the yields of dry matter were included in the calculations, Sri Lanka ecotype vetiver grass gave the yield of ethanol at 1,091.84 L/ha/year, whereas the leaves of dwarf napier grass showed the maximum yield of 2,720.55 L/ha/year (0.98 g/L or 0.12 g/g substrate equivalent to 30.60% of the theoretical values).

Recycling of Black Liquor Generated from Cellulosic Ethanol Process for Plant Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Changzhong Song ◽  
Bowen Zhang ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Xuesong Tan ◽  
Zahoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Saccharification Efficiency

The alkaline pretreatment has the advantages of low energy input and atmospheric pressure to highly enhance the conversion of lignocellulose to ethanol. However, the black liquor from the process would pollute the environment, which hinders its industrial application. This study selected the potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the alkaline reagent for lignocellulosic pretreatment and investigated the feasibility of recycling the black liquor (BL) as molecular bio-activator for plant growth. After optimization of KOH pretreatment, the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of rice straw achieved to 86.6% under the optimum condition of 2% KOH, 15:1 of liquid–solid ratio, 70 °C for 1 h. The ethanol production and conversion ratio was 32.24 g/L and 53.0% respectively at 20% solid loading. The tobacco cultured in the nutrient solution with BL was more luxuriant than that without BL, of which the dry weight of plant increased 367% and the leaf area increment of tobacco was about 2∼4 times than the control after 30 days. Thus this study provided a promising way to accelerate the industrialization of alkaline pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production.

Comparison of Low-Temperature Alkali/Urea Pretreatments for Ethanol Production from Wheat Straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Zahoor ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Xuesong Tan ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Yongming Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Bioethanol Yield

NaOH/urea (NU) pretreatment at lower than 0 °C has been frequently applied for improving bio-conversion of lignocellulose, but the wastewater generated from the pretreatment process is hard to dispose. KOH/urea (KU) pretreatment for enhancing bioconversion of lignocellulose has recently attracted researchers’ attention due to the recycling of wastewater for facilitating crops’ growth. This study compared the effects of NU and KU pretreatments at cold conditions on the enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol yield from wheat straw (WS). By using response surface methodology an optimal pretreatment with an equal ratio of alkali/urea (4% w/v) at −20 °C for 3 h was established. The enzymatic hydrolysis of KU-treated WS was 81.17%, which was similar to that of NU-treated WS (83.72%) under the same condition. It means that KU pretreatment has equal ability to NU pretreatment to improve enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose. KU pretreatment has the promising potential to replace NU pretreatment for facilitating bioconversion of lignocellulose in cold conditions due to the clean way to recycle its wastewater as fertilizer for crop growth. Hence, KU pretreatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation could be a promising green way to cellulosic ethanol production with zero waste emission.

scholarly journals Ethanol Production from Oil Palm Trunk: A Combined Strategy Using an Effective Pretreatment and Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agustin Krisna Wardani ◽  
Aji Sutrisno ◽  
Titik Nur Faida ◽  
Retno Dwi Yustina ◽  
Untung Murdiyatmo
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Cofermentation ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Background. Oil palm trunk (OPT) with highly cellulose content is a valuable bioresource for bioethanol production. To produce ethanol from biomass, pretreatment is an essential step in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars such as glucose and xylose. Several pretreatment methods have been developed to overcome biomass recalcitrance. In this study, the effects of different pretreatment methods such as alkali pretreatment, microwave-alkali, and alkaline peroxide combined with autoclave on the lignocellulosic biomass structure were investigated. Moreover, ethanol production from the treated biomass was performed by simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) under different temperatures, fermentation times, and cell ratios of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 479 and pentose-utilizing yeast, Pichia stipitis NCYC 1541. Results. Pretreatment resulted in a significant lignin removal up to 83.26% and cellulose released up to 80.74% in treated OPT by alkaline peroxide combined with autoclave method. Enzymatic hydrolysis of treated OPT resulted in an increase in fermentable sugar up to 93.22%. Optimization of SSCF by response surface method showed that the coculture could work together to produce maximum ethanol (1.89%) and fermentation efficiency (66.14%) under the optimized condition. Conclusion. Pretreatment by alkaline peroxide combined with autoclave method and SSCF process could be expected as a promising system for ethanol production from oil palm trunk and various lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals Direct ethanol production from cellulose by consortium of Trichoderma reesei and Candida molischiana

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Bu ◽  
Bassam Alkotaini ◽  
Bipinchandra K. Salunke ◽  
Aarti R. Deshmukh ◽  
Pathikrit Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Cellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials

Abstract Industrial cellulosic ethanol production is a challenge due to the high cost of cellulases for hydrolysis when lignocellulosic materials are used as feedstock. In this study, direct ethanol production from cellulose was performed by consortium of Trichoderma reesei and Candida molischiana. Cellulose was hydrolyzed by a fully enzymatic saccharification process using Trichoderma reesei cellulases. The produced reducing sugar was further utilized by Candida molischiana for ethanol production. Because the optimal temperature for the cellulase system is approximately 50°C, the effect of temperature rise from 30°C to 50°C on cellulose hydrolysis was investigated. The results showed that the temperature rise from 30°C to 50°C after 36 h of cultivation was the best for reducing sugar and glucose production. Under these conditions, the maximum concentrations of reducing sugar and glucose produced by T. reesei were 8.0 g/L and 4.6 g/L at 60 h, respectively. The maximum production of ethanol by C. molischiana was 3.0 g/L after 120 h.

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