scholarly journals A Case of Follicular Bronchiolitis as the Histological Counterpart to Nodular Opacities in BronchiectaticMycobacterium aviumComplex Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kentaro Wakamatsu ◽  
Nobuhiko Nagata ◽  
Kazuhito Taguchi ◽  
Kouji Takakura ◽  
Chika Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Follicular Bronchiolitis ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection

Here we report the case of a 72-year-old woman with nodular bronchiectaticMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) disease. Chest computed tomography on admission revealed multiple micronodular and branching opacities in both lobes with segmental distribution; bronchiectasis and bronchial wall thickening were observed in the middle lobe and lingula. The patient consented to and underwent thoracoscopic lung biopsy; epithelioid granulomas were occasionally observed, but follicular bronchiolitis was widespread. While bronchial lesions from nontuberculous mycobacterial infection generally present as epitheliod granulomas, the present case suggests that follicular bronchiolitis can also be a histological counterpart to nodular opacities in nodular bronchiectatic MAC disease.

scholarly journals Right middle lobe obstruction associated with synchronous endobronchial carcinoid and aspergillosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110094
Author(s):  
Yoonjoo Kim ◽  
Dongil Park ◽  
Chaeuk Chung
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary carcinoids originate from neuroendocrine cells of the lung and comprise 0.5%–5% of all lung malignancies. Endobronchial carcinoids are rare, low-grade malignant tumors that occasionally coexist with other infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. We treated a 63-year-old woman who presented with a right middle lobe obstruction. A chest computed tomography scan demonstrated a mass-like lesion in the right middle lobe with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She underwent an exploratory operation after 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment. The pathology revealed a right middle lobe bronchial carcinoid tumor and aspergillosis. Chest computed tomography scans have revealed no recurrence of the carcinoid or aspergillosis during the 5-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Abnormalities on Chest Computed Tomography and Lung Function Following an Intense Dust Exposure: A 17-Year Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Liu ◽  
Barbara Putman ◽  
Ankura Singh ◽  
Rachel Zeig-Owens ◽  
Charles B. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Fev1 Decline

Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) firefighters experienced intense dust exposure working at the World Trade Center (WTC) site on and after 11/9/2001 (9/11). We hypothesized that high-intensity WTC exposure caused abnormalities found on chest computed tomography (CT). Between 11/9/2001–10/9/2018, 4277 firefighters underwent a clinically-indicated chest CT. Spirometric measurements and symptoms were recorded during routine medical examinations. High-intensity exposure, defined as initial arrival at the WTC on the morning of 9/11, increased the risk of bronchial wall thickening, emphysema, and air trapping. Early post-9/11 symptoms of wheeze and shortness of breath were associated with bronchial wall thickening, emphysema, and air trapping. The risk of accelerated forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) decline (>64 mL/year decline) increased with bronchial wall thickening and emphysema, but decreased with air trapping. The risk of airflow obstruction also increased with bronchial wall thickening and emphysema but decreased with air trapping. In a previously healthy occupational cohort, high-intensity WTC exposure increased the risk for CT abnormalities. Bronchial wall thickening and emphysema were associated with respiratory symptoms, accelerated FEV1 decline, and airflow obstruction. Air trapping was associated with respiratory symptoms, although lung function was preserved. Physiologic differences between CT abnormalities suggest that distinct types of airway injury may result from a common exposure.

scholarly journals Airway–artery quantitative assessment on chest computed tomography in paediatric primary ciliary dyskinesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 00210-2019
Author(s):  
Valentina Ferraro ◽  
Eleni-Rosalina Andrinopoulou ◽  
Anna Marthe Margaretha Sijbring ◽  
Eric G. Haarman ◽  
Harm A.W.M. Tiddens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bronchial Tree ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Bronchial Wall ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

Chest computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for detecting structural abnormalities in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) such as bronchiectasis, bronchial wall thickening and mucus plugging. There are no studies on quantitative assessment of airway and artery abnormalities in children with PCD. The objectives of the present study were to quantify airway and artery dimensions on chest CT in a cohort of children with PCD and compare these with control children to analyse the influence of covariates on airway and artery dimensions.Chest CTs of 13 children with PCD (14 CT scans) and 12 control children were collected retrospectively. The bronchial tree was segmented semi-automatically and reconstructed in a three-dimensional view. All visible airway–artery (AA) pairs were measured perpendicular to the airway centre line, annotating per branch inner and outer airway and adjacent artery diameter and computing inner airway diameter/artery ratio (AinA ratio), outer airway diameter/artery ratio (AoutA ratio), wall thickness (WT), WT/outer airway diameter ratio (Awt ratio) and WT/artery ratio.In the children with PCD (38.5% male, mean age 13.5 years, range 9.8–15.3) 1526 AA pairs were measured versus 1516 in controls (58.3% male, mean age 13.5 years, range 8–14.8). AinA ratio and AoutA ratio were significantly higher in children with PCD than in control children (both p<0.001). Awt ratio was significantly higher in control children than in children with PCD (p<0.001).Our study showed that in children with PCD airways are more dilated than in controls and do not show airway wall thickening.

scholarly journals Computed tomography findings in patients with H1N1 influenza A infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Brandão Amorim ◽  
Rosana Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Miriam Menna Barreto ◽  
Gláucia Zanetti ◽  
Edson Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Bronchial Wall

The present study aimed to review high resolution computed tomography findings in patients with H1N1 influenza A infection. The most common tomographic findings include ground-glass opacities, areas of consolidation or a combination of both patterns. Some patients may also present bronchial wall thickening, airspace nodules, crazy-paving pattern, perilobular opacity, air trapping and findings related to organizing pneumonia. These abnormalities are frequently bilateral, with subpleural distribution. Despite their nonspecificity, it is important to recognize the main tomographic findings in patients affected by H1N1 virus in order to include this possibility in the differential diagnosis, characterize complications and contribute in the follow-up, particularly in cases of severe disease.

scholarly journals Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Junichi Ochi ◽  
Minoru Ohkouchi ◽  
Yoshikazu Tsukada ◽  
Shinichiro Tominaga ◽  
Satoshi Takayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Foamy Macrophages

Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity is a critical and potentially fatal side effect of amiodarone. Our study was designed to reveal its clinical features, including KL-6, as an interstitial marker. The medical records of eight patients (five men and three women) with amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity, who had been referred to our hospital, were examined. The mean age at the initiation of amiodarone was 48 years (range, 54-87 years) and mean duration of medication prior to the development of pulmonary toxicity was 18 months (range, 7-33 months). Serum KL-6 was elevated in six of the eight patients with a range of 525-2915 U/mL. Chest computed tomography (CT) findings showed non-segmental consolidation and/or ground glass opacity. Foamy macrophages were found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of all examined patients and in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimens in half of the examined patients. We concluded that serum KL-6, chest CT findings, and foamy macrophages in BAL fluids and TBLB specimens will be helpful for the diagnosis of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Santiago Martínez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
White Women ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Middle Lobe ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Cavitary Disease ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Right Middle Lobe ◽  
Hot Tubs

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) may produce pulmonary infection. NTMI is typically an indolent infection except in immunocompromised and HIV infected patients. Imaging plays a crucial role in suggesting NTMI as a possible diagnosis in this patient population. Always consider classic or cavitary NTMI in patients with upper lobe cavitary disease similar to active cavitary TB. However, in such cases TB must always be excluded. In elderly white women, persistent right middle lobe/lingular atelectasis, bronchiectasis or consolidation should suggest the diagnosis of bronchiectactic NTMI. In patients with imaging findings of subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the radiologist must review the history and consult with the clinician in order to identify the triggering allergen, including NTM which is associated with indoor hot tubs.

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