scholarly journals The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mofidi ◽  
Zachary M. Ferraro ◽  
Katherine A. Stewart ◽  
Hilary M. F. Tulk ◽  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Consumption of whole-grain and sourdough breads is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. We examined the impact of commercial breads on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in subjects at risk for glucose intolerance. In a randomized, crossover study, overweight or obese males ingested 11-grain, sprouted-grain, 12-grain, sourdough, or white bread on different occasions, matched for available carbohydrate (50 g) in part 1 (n=12) and bread mass (107 g) in part 2 (n=11), and blood glucose, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined for 3 h. In part 1, glucose response for sprouted-grain was lower than 11-grain, sourdough, and white breads. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) for sourdough and white was lower than 11-grain and sprouted-grain breads. GLP-1 response to sourdough was lower than all breads. In part 2, glucose and insulin AUC for sourdough was greater than 11-grain, sprouted-grain, and 12-grain breads. Sprouted-grain bread improved glycemia by lowering glucose response and increasing GLP-1 response. In overweight and obese men, the glycemic response to sprouted grain bread was reduced in both parts 1 and 2 while the other whole-grain test breads did not improve metabolic responses in the acute postprandial state.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Receptor: A New Target for Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuxun Yang ◽  
Fan Zeng ◽  
Xiaoxiu Luo ◽  
Yu Lei ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Stress Hyperglycemia ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Control

Patients with sepsis often exhibit hyperglycemia, which increases mortality. glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) not only regulate blood glucose homeostasis but also improve organ dysfunction, regulate immunity, and control inflammation and other functions in patients with sepsis. Here, we review the possible application of GLP-1RAs in sepsis, to provide a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients with sepsis complicated with stress hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Effects of sub-chronic exposure to naturally occurring N-terminally truncated metabolites of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GIP(3–42) and GLP-1(9–36)amide, on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Parker ◽  
K S Lavery ◽  
N Irwin ◽  
B D Green ◽  
B Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are important enteroendocrine hormones that are rapidly degraded by an ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV to yield truncated metabolites GIP(3–42) and GLP-1(9–36)amide. In this study, we investigated the effects of sub-chronic exposure to these major circulating forms of GIP and GLP-1 on blood glucose control and endocrine pancreatic function in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. A once daily injection of either peptide for 14 days had no effect on body weight, food intake or pancreatic insulin content or islet morphology. GLP-1(9–36)amide also had no effect on plasma glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion. Mice receiving GIP(3–42) exhibited small but significant improvements in non-fasting plasma glucose, glucose tolerance and glycaemic response to feeding. Accordingly, plasma insulin responses were unchanged suggesting that the observed enhancement of insulin sensitivity was responsible for the improvement in glycaemic control. These data indicate that sub-chronic exposure to GIP and GLP-1 metabolites does not result in physiological impairment of insulin secretion or blood glucose control. GIP(3–42) might exert an overall beneficial effect by improving insulin sensitivity through extrapancreatic action.

scholarly journals Differences in signalling, trafficking and glucoregulatory properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exendin-4 and lixisenatide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Pickford ◽  
Maria Lucey ◽  
Zijian Fang ◽  
Stavroula Bitsi ◽  
Johannes Broichhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Control Blood Glucose ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground and purposeAmino acid substitutions at the N-termini of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) peptides result in distinct patterns of intracellular signalling, sub-cellular trafficking and efficacy in vivo. Here we aimed to determine whether sequence differences at the ligand C-termini of clinically approved GLP-1RAs exendin-4 and lixisenatide lead to similar phenomena. We also sought to establish the impact of the C-terminus on signal bias resulting from modifications elsewhere in the molecule.Experimental approachExendin-4, lixisenatide, and N-terminally substituted analogues with biased signalling characteristics were compared across a range of in vitro trafficking and signalling assays in different cell types. Fluorescent ligands and new time-resolved FRET approaches were developed to study agonist behaviours at the cellular and sub-cellular level. Anti-hyperglycaemic and anorectic effects of each parent ligand, and their biased derivatives, were assessed in mice.Key resultsLixisenatide and exendin-4 showed equal binding affinity, but lixisenatide was 5-fold less potent for cAMP signalling. Both peptides were rapidly endocytosed, but the GLP-1R recycled more slowly to the plasma membrane after lixisenatide treatment. These combined deficits resulted in reduced maximal sustained insulin secretion and reduced anti-hyperglycaemic and anorectic effects in mice. N-terminal substitutions to both ligands had favourable effects on their pharmacology, resulting in improved insulin release and lowering of blood glucose.Conclusion and implicationsChanges to the C-terminus of exendin-4 affect signalling potency and GLP-1R trafficking via mechanisms unrelated to GLP-1R occupancy. These differences were associated with changes in their ability to control blood glucose and therefore may be therapeutically relevant.

scholarly journals Chilled Potatoes Decrease Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Compared to Boiled Potatoes in Females with Elevated Fasting Glucose and Insulin

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindy A Patterson ◽  
Joy Nolte Fong ◽  
Madhura Maiya ◽  
Stephanie Kung ◽  
Araz Sarkissian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Insulinotropic Peptide ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Resistant starch (RS) has been shown to improve postprandial glycemia and insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. RS is found naturally in potatoes, where the amount varies based on cooking method and serving temperature. Thirty females with a mean BMI of 32.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2, fasting glucose of 110.5 mg/dL, and insulin of 10.3 µIU/L, completed this randomized, crossover study. A quantity of 250 g of boiled (low RS) and baked then chilled (high RS) russet potatoes were consumed on two separate occasions. Glycemic (glucose and insulin) and incretin response, subjective satiety, and dietary intake were measured. Results showed that the chilled potato elicited significant reductions at 15 and 30 min in glucose (4.8% and 9.2%), insulin (25.8% and 22.6%), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) (41.1% and 37.6%), respectively. The area under the curve for insulin and GIP were significantly lower after the chilled potato, but no differences were seen in glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide YY, or overall subjective satiety. A higher carbohydrate and glycemic index but lower fat diet was consumed 48-hours following the chilled potato than the boiled potato. This study demonstrates that consuming chilled potatoes higher in RS can positively impact the glycemic response in females with elevated fasting glucose and insulin.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Large Bolus Dose of l-leucine and l-isoleucine on Enteroendocrine and Pancreatic Hormones, and Glycemia in Healthy, Inactive Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Newmire ◽  
Eric Rivas ◽  
Sarah E. Deemer ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby ◽  
Victor Ben-Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Pancreatic Hormones ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Insulinotropic Peptide ◽  
The Impact

Background: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion. It is unknown if L-isoleucine (Ile) and L-leucine (Leu) have this same effect. The purpose of this study was to examine how Ile and Leu influence both GLP-1 and GIP, subsequent pancreatic hormones, and glycemia in healthy, inactive adults. Methods: Twelve adults (6F/6M; age 27.4 ± 2 years; BMI 26.3 ± 2 kg/m2; lean body mass 53.2 ± 5 kg; body fat 34.1 ± 3%) completed four conditions in a randomized, cross-over fashion. Treatments standardized (0.3 g/kg·LBM−1) (1) Leu, (2) Ile, (3) Equal (1:1 g) of Leu + Ile, and (4) placebo (Pla, 3.5 g inert stevia) ingested 30 min prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, GIPTotal, and GLP-1Active were assessed. Results: A treatment (p = 0.01) effect comparing Ile vs. Leu (p = 0.02) in GIPTotal. Area under the curve showed an increase in GIPTotal from Ile compared to Leu and Pla (p = 0.03). No effect was found on GLP-1. The ingestion of Ile prior to CHO augmented GIP concentration greater than Leu or Pla. No correlation was found between GIP, insulin, and glucose between conditions. Conclusions: Ile impacts GIP concentration, which did not relate to either insulin or glucose concentrations. Neither Ile, nor Leu seem to have an effect on hyperglycemia ingested prior to a CHO drink.

Glucagon-like peptide-1(1–37) can enhance blood glucose homeostasis in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 178 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifen Zhao ◽  
Haifeng Ye ◽  
Dongqing Li ◽  
Xun Lao ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

scholarly journals Addition of Orange Pomace to 100% Orange Juice Attenuates Acute Glucose Response Compared to 100% Orange Juice but Not Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults (P08-080-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
Gabriela Guzman ◽  
Yujie Du ◽  
Anqi Zhao ◽  
Xuhuiqun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Orange Pomace ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Orange pomace (OP) is a byproduct of orange juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of the addition of OP to 100% orange juice (OJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to the glycemic response to a sugar matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF). Methods Forty-five healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 4 years, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m−2, mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to OJ, 250 g, OJ with 5 g fiber from OP added (OPF, 257 g total beverage weight or Navel variety whole orange (WOF, 227 g edible portion). The fiber level was chosen because it is similar to the amount found in sugar-matched weight of WOF. All 3 study products were matched for available carbohydrates (OJ/OPF/WOF, 19.3 g). Blood samples were collected and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting (0 min) and at multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was to assess and compare maximal glucose concentrations (Cmax) among study products. Results OPF and WOF significantly attenuated glucose Cmax compared to OJ (127.7 ± 1.9 and 125.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1 vs. 136.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Insulin Cmax was significantly different among groups (OJ, 64.4 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. OPF, 54.6 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. WOF, 46.5 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1, P < 0.001). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T max) was delayed in OPF compared to OJ and WOF (35.3 ± 6 min vs. 30.3 ± 5.2 and 30.6 ± 4 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2 h) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. However, iAUC0–2 h for insulin was significantly different between OJ and OPF vs. WOF (1902 ± 199 and 1789 ± 199 μIU x min mL−1 vs. 986 ± 175 μIU x min mL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from OP into 250 g of OJ attenuated the primary endpoint of maximal postprandial glucose concentration and this response did not differ from whole orange fruit. Funding Sources PepsiCo, Inc.

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