scholarly journals Feeding Preferences of the Endangered Diving BeetleCybister tripunctatus orientalisGschwendtner (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ya Ohba ◽  
Yoshinori Inatani
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Diving Beetles

The numbers ofCybister tripunctatus orientalisGschwendtner diving beetles are declining in most regions of Japan, and it is included in the Red Data List of species in 34 of 47 prefectures of Japan. However, basic ecological information aboutC. tripunctatus orientalis, such as its feeding habits, remains unknown. In order to elucidate the feeding habits ofC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae, feeding preference experiments were carried out in 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. The number of Odonata nymphs consumed was significantly higher than the number of tadpoles consumed, indicating thatC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae prefer Odonata nymphs to tadpoles. In addition, all the first instar larvae ofC. tripunctatus orientalisdeveloped into second instars when they were supplied with motionless Odonata nymphs, but their survival rate was lower when they were supplied with motionless tadpoles. These results suggest thatC. tripunctatus orientalislarvae prefer insects to vertebrates.

scholarly journals Adult Feeding Preference and Fecundity in the Large Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Lenka Kleinová ◽  
Markéta Davídková
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Hylobius Abietis ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
The Mean

Adult feeding preferences of Hylobius abietis on Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies alba and Betula pendula were tested in outdoor conditions. The preferred food source was P. menziesii, and the mean bark area consumed per seedling was 440.8 ± 147.9 mm2. The second most preferred host was P. abies. The coniferous species that suffered the least damage was A. alba (76.8 ± 62.56 mm2 per seedling). B. pendula was the least preferred source of food, and it caused mortality of 60% of weevils that fed on it. Weevils exhibited large differences in fecundity when fed with different tree species in a laboratory experiment. The largest number of eggs was laid by females fed with P. abies. Mean egg numbers reached 26.4 ± 24.89 eggs per experiment for P. abies. Similar fecundity was observed in weevils fed with twigs of P. sylvestris. Oviposition was approximately six times lower in females fed with L. decidua and P. menziesii. The maximum number of eggs laid by a single female during a one-month experiment was 90. The results are discussed in relation to management of H. abietis.

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

scholarly journals Comparative morphology of the mouthparts of the megadiverse South African monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini): feeding adaptations and guild structure

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Karolyi ◽  
Teresa Hansal ◽  
Harald W. Krenn ◽  
Jonathan F. Colville
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Floral Tissue ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Feeding Adaptations

Although anthophilous Coleoptera are regarded to be unspecialised flower-visiting insects, monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini) represent one of the most important groups of pollinating insects in South Africa’s floristic hotspot of the Greater Cape Region. South African monkey beetles are known to feed on floral tissue; however, some species seem to specialise on pollen and/or nectar. The present study examined the mouthpart morphology and gut content of various hopliine species to draw conclusions on their feeding preferences. According to the specialisations of their mouthparts, the investigated species were classified into different feeding groups. Adaptations to pollen-feeding included a well-developed, toothed molar and a lobe-like, setose lacinia mobilis on the mandible as well as curled hairs or sclerotized teeth on the galea of the maxillae. Furthermore, elongated mouthparts were interpreted as adaptations for nectar feeding. Floral- and folial-tissue feeding species showed sclerotized teeth on the maxilla, but the lacinia was mostly found to be reduced to a sclerotized ledge. While species could clearly be identified as floral or folial tissue feeding, several species showed intermediate traits suggesting both pollen and nectar feeding adaptations. Mismatches found between mouthpart morphology and previously reported flower visiting behaviours across different genera and species requires alternative explanations, not necessarily associated with feeding preferences. Although detailed examinations of the mouthparts allowed conclusions about the feeding preference and flower-visiting behaviour, additional morphological and behavioural investigations, combined with greater taxon sampling and phylogenetic data, are still necessary to fully understand hopliine host plant relationships, related to monkey beetle diversity.

A Parasitic Association Between a Pycnogonid and a Scyphomedusa in Midwater

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Allan Child ◽  
G. R. Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Parasitic Association

The feeding habits and host specificities of the Pycnogonida are poorly known. These usually small, cryptically coloured animals are difficult to observe alive and are mostly collected fortuitously in gross samples taken from trawls and dredges. Any association between the pycnogonids and their food is disrupted in the trawl. Further, the possibility that some of the pycnogonids may have been captured in the water column rather than on the bottom cannot be ascertained from trawl and dredge samples. King (1973) lists only twelve records of pycnogonids actually seen browsing on food organisms. Most occur on hydroids and other cnidarians, and all are from benthic habitats. In more recent papers, Stock reports a pycnogonid seen on a brittle star in the Seychelles (1979), feeding preferences of pycnogonids on benthic cnidarians (1978), and an association between a pycnogonid and a starfish from the Philippines (1981).

scholarly journals LOS PECES GOBIIDAE DE LOS ARRECIFES DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO. III. EL GENERO Coryphopterus

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Garzón Ferreira ◽  
Arturo Acero P.
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gobiid Fish ◽  
Ecological Information ◽  
Southern Caribbean ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Caribbean Populations

Descriptive and ecological information on nine species of the gobiid fish genus Coryphopterus, collected mainly in coral reefs of the Colombian Caribbean (including Islade Providencia), is presented; a key for species identification is also included. The most common species in the samples was C. personatus (67%), followed by C. eidolon (52%), C. dicrus (27%), C. glaucofraenum {27%), C. thrix (19%), C. tortugae (10%), C. lipernes (9%), C. hyalinus (4%) and C. alfaides (3%); important differences in their regional ocurrence and abundance were detected. Colombian continental Caribbean populations tend to be more pigmented than those of northern regions of the tropical western Atlantic, probably because southern Caribbean reefs have terrigenous dark sediments. Preliminary data about the feeding habits of eight species suggest that the genus is omnivorous, eating important amounts of detritus and a variety of microinvertebrates; some species also ingest algae.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the potential increase rate (eλ, PIR), as defined by Hughes, in populations of Sitobion αvenαe (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Ρ. Lykouressis ◽  
Η.F. Υan Emden
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Potential Rate ◽  
Aphid Populations

The potential rate of increase (PIR), used in Hughes’ time-specific life table analysis for aphid populations as a multiplication factor for the instar-period was studied in popula(ions of Sitobion avenae (F.) in the absence and presence of the parasite Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman) under controlled conditions. Two factors were mainly found to alter PIR values in the presence of parasites. These were the feeding preference of adult A. abdominalis for the first instar aphids and the prolonged instar duration of the third instar of aphids which had been parasitized by an adult parasite at the first instar. These two factors contributed to lower values of PIR and as a consequence to an underestimation of the expected (potential) population for the next instar-period

scholarly journals On the feeding habit of the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis (van Bénedèn, 1864) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) in southeastern Brazil (~220S): has there been any change in more than two decades?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Madeira Di Beneditto ◽  
Clara Da Cruz Vidart Badia ◽  
Salvatore Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Guiana Dolphin

Along the north and central coast of Rio de Janeiro State (22025’S–23000’S), southeastern Brazil, the Guiana Dolphin Sotalia guianensis forages on neritic prey, mainly fish.  From the analysis of the dolphin’s stomach contents and the identification of partially digested prey, it was verified that the most frequent prey species were young specimens of Trichiurus lepturus.  Comparing our results with previous studies on the feeding habits of Guiana Dolphin in the same region, we noticed the maintenance of its feeding preferences during more than two decades, indicating little or no change in the use of prey by this top predator. 

scholarly journals Natural diet and feeding habits of a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium carcinus: Crustacea, Decapoda) in the estuary of the Amazon River

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jô de Farias Lima ◽  
Jamile da Silva Garcia ◽  
Thibério Carvalho da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Stomach Analysis

Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. However, there is little information about the natural diet and feeding habits of this species. The aim of this study was the identification of the diet items of M. carcinus based on the analysis of the stomach contents. Specimens were collected in the Amazon River estuary between January 2009 and January 2010. The stomach analysis was carried out by using the frequency of occurrence (FO), methods of points (MP) and feeding index (FI). It was observed that prawns fed on detritus, animals and plant fragments as the most important food items. Sediment accounted for the main stomach content, accounting for 43.2% by the MP, 44.9% by FI and 100% by the FO. Sexual differences in feeding preferences were not found in this study, and seasonal differences in the frequency of items ingested by M. carcinus were not observed. The results indicated that M. carcinus can be considered omnivorous species, but with an important carnivorous component, similar to that found in other Macrobrachium species.

scholarly journals Feeding preferences of Phyllotreta herbivores to winter rape and chosen weeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Štolcová
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Leaf Disks

In model experiments with leaf disks from <i>Brassica napus</i> L. subsp. napus and <i>Thlaspi arvense</i> L. and <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> L. in spring periods (May–June) of 2006–2007 feeding preferences of Phyllotreta herbivores to the above-mentioned crop and two common weeds were investigated. In seedlings of identical ontogenetic stages insignificantly higher feeding injuries were recorded in <i>B. napus</i>. Between the two monitored weeds insignificantly higher herbivory was found in <i>S. arvensis</i> compared to <i>T. arvense</i>. In a comparison of older crop and younger weeds and vice versa, flea beetles significantly preferred the four-leaf seedling stage to the cotyledon seedling stage irrespective of the monitored plant species. Though generally in feeding preference of flea beetles a general drift <i>B. napus</i> > <i>S. arvensis</i> > <i>T. arvensis</i> was recorded, the sequence of leaves also played its role under conditions of this experiment.

Dietary preferences and diet effects on life-history traits of tardigrades

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michala Bryndová ◽  
Daniel Stec ◽  
Ralph O Schill ◽  
Łukasz Michalczyk ◽  
Miloslav Devetter
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Tardigrades may be divided into the following feeding groups: herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. However, little is known about their specific feeding preferences. Here, we used a number of laboratory experiments with 18 potential food sources, representing a wide variety of organisms, to test feeding preferences, survival and fecundity of three tardigrade species, representing different feeding modes. We also tested for differences in preferences between juveniles and adults, and differences in survival between two age groups: one that started the experiment as juveniles and the other as adults. In our experiments, Milnesium inceptum is confirmed to be a carnivore, being able to reproduce only on animal prey. We also show that Hypsibius exemplaris is a herbivore, feeding on cyanobacteria, algae and fungi. Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi, on the other hand, is demonstrated to be an omnivore, feeding on cyanobacteria, algae, fungi and animals. In some cases, juveniles preferred different types of food than adults. Reproduction was strongly affected by food type. Finally, we demonstrate that tardigrades may ingest food types that they are not able to digest. Thus, gut content analysis may be misleading as a method of studying tardigrade feeding habits.

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