scholarly journals The Role of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in the Tomato-Rhizoctonia solani Interaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Related Proteins

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive pathogens causing foot rot disease on tomato. In this study, the molecular and cellular changes of a partially resistant (Sunny 6066) and a susceptible (Rio Grande) tomato cultivar after infection with necrotrophic soil-borne fungus R. solani were compared. The expression of defense-related genes such as chitinase (LOC544149) and peroxidase (CEVI-1) in infected tomato cultivars was investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method revealed elevated levels of expression for both genes in the partially resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar. One of the most prominent facets of basal plant defense responses is the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration. These structures are produced around the sites of potential pathogen ingress to prevent pathogen progress in plant tissues. We investigated formation of lignin, as one of the most important structural barriers affecting plant resistance, using thioglycolic acid assay. A correlation was found between lignification and higher level of resistance in Sunny 6066 compared to Rio Grande cultivar. These findings suggest the involvement of chitinase, peroxidase, and lignin formation in defense responses of tomato plants against R. solani as a destructive pathogen.

scholarly journals A Faster and a Stronger Defense Response: One of the Key Elements in Grapevine Explaining Its Lower Level of Susceptibility to Esca?

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 1028-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Lambert ◽  
Ian Li Kim Khiook ◽  
Sylvia Lucas ◽  
Nadège Télef-Micouleau ◽  
Jean-Michel Mérillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Response ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Stilbene Compounds

Wood diseases like Esca are among the most damaging afflictions in grapevine. The defense mechanisms in this plant–pathogen interaction are not well understood. As some grapevine cultivars have been observed to be less susceptible to Esca than others, understanding the factors involved in this potentially stronger defense response can be of great interest. To lift part of this veil, we elicited Vitis vinifera plants of two cultivars less susceptible to Esca (‘Merlot’ and ‘Carignan’) and of one susceptible cultivar (‘Cabernet Sauvignon’), and monitored their defense responses at the leaf level. Our model of elicitation consisted in grapevine cuttings absorbing a culture filtrate of one causal agent of Esca, Phaemoniella chlamydospora. This model might reflect the early events occurring in Esca-affected grapevines. The two least susceptible cultivars showed an earlier and stronger defense response than the susceptible one, particularly with regard to induction of the PAL and STS genes, and a higher accumulation of stilbene compounds and some pathogenesis-related proteins.

scholarly journals Molecular Insights into Defense Responses of Vietnamese Maize Varieties to Fusarium verticillioides Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Trang Minh Tran ◽  
Maarten Ameye ◽  
Sofie Landschoot ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah De Saeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins

Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the main fungal diseases in maize worldwide. To develop a pathogen-tailored FER resistant maize line for local implementation, insights into the virulence variability of a residing F. verticillioides population are crucial for developing customized maize varieties, but remain unexplored. Moreover, little information is currently available on the involvement of the archetypal defense pathways in the F. verticillioides–maize interaction using local isolates and germplasm, respectively. Therefore, this study aims to fill these knowledge gaps. We used a collection of 12 F. verticillioides isolates randomly gathered from diseased maize fields in the Vietnamese central highlands. To assess the plant’s defense responses against the pathogens, two of the most important maize hybrid genotypes grown in this agro-ecological zone, lines CP888 and Bt/GT NK7328, were used. Based on two assays, a germination and an in-planta assay, we found that line CP888 was more susceptible to the F. verticillioides isolates when compared to line Bt/GT NK7328. Using the most aggressive isolate, we monitored disease severity and gene expression profiles related to biosynthesis pathways of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), benzoxazinoids (BXs), and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). As a result, a stronger induction of SA, JA, ABA, BXs, and PRs synthesizing genes might be linked to the higher resistance of line Bt/GT NK7328 compared to the susceptible line CP888. All these findings could supply valuable knowledge in the selection of suitable FER resistant lines against the local F. verticllioides population and in the development of new FER resistant germplasms.

scholarly journals Proteomic and genetic approaches to identifying defence-related proteins in rice challenged with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOOHYUN LEE ◽  
TERRY M. BRICKER ◽  
MICHAEL LEFEVRE ◽  
SHANNON R. M. PINSON ◽  
JAMES H. OARD
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Related Proteins

Defense responses of Hevea brasiliensis to elicitors from root rot fungi

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nicole ◽  
A. Toppan ◽  
J. P. Geiger ◽  
D. Roby ◽  
D. Nandris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Elicitor Treatment

Elicitation of root defense responses of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) to Rigidoporus lignosus has been performed by injection of fungal cell wall extracts into the root system of 1-month-old seedlings. A time course study showed that tissue lignification is induced at 3, 8, 15, and 45 days after elicitor treatment, as observed under a light microscope. The ethanolsoluble elicitor fractions stimulated cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity, involved in lignin synthesis, as well as callose deposits 15 days and 30 days after elicitor treatment. A differential phellogen activity was observed 15 days after injection of roots with fungal extracts not treated with pronase. Stimulation of chitinase activity in leaves, cell hyperplasia, and suberization of root cell walls did not succeed. These data show that some defense mechanisms of tree roots can be triggered by elicitors from root-rotting fungi and result in the stengthening of structural barriers in host tissues. Key words: root rot diseases, elicitation, lignification, cambium stimulation, callose.

Defense responses in tomato landrace and wild genotypes to early blight pathogenAlternaria solaniinfection and accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Puthenpeedikal Salim ◽  
Krishnaveni Saminaidu ◽  
Murugan Marimuthu ◽  
Yasodha Perumal ◽  
Velazhahan Rethinasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Proteins ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Tomato Landrace

scholarly journals Cytological Characterization of Elicitin-Induced Protection in Tobacco Plants Infected by Phytophthora parasitica or Phytoplasma

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lherminier ◽  
N. Benhamou ◽  
J. Larrue ◽  
M.-L. Milat ◽  
E. Boudon-Padieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Responses ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
P Proteins

Elicitins, small proteins secreted by Phytophthora and Pythium spp., display the ability to induce plant resistance toward pathogens. Ultrastructural investigations of cryptogein-treated tobacco plants evidenced host defense responses such as (i) formation of a calcium pectate gel in intercellular spaces of parenchymas, (ii) impregnation of pectin by phenolic compounds in intercellular spaces of phloem bundles, and (iii) accumulation of phloem proteins (P proteins) in the lumen of leaf sieve elements. These cytological modifications lead to the enhancement of physical barriers that prevent pathogen ingress and restrict host tissue colonization when cryptogein-treated tobacco plants were challenged with the pathogen Phytophthora parasitica. Wall appositions also were observed at most sites of penetration of hyphae. Moreover, growing hyphae exhibited severe morphological damages, suggesting a modified toxic environment. The same induction of P proteins in mature sieve tubes of tobacco leaves was obtained with oligandrin treatment, another elicitin. Cryptogein or oligandrin treatment prevented symptom expression in phytoplasma-infected tobacco plants in contrast with nontreated tobacco plants. Moreover, P protein plugs and occlusion of pore sites by callose were evidenced in sieve elements of treated plants. Both these phloem modifications might prevent the in planta movement of phloem-restricted microorganisms.

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