Defense responses of Hevea brasiliensis to elicitors from root rot fungi

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nicole ◽  
A. Toppan ◽  
J. P. Geiger ◽  
D. Roby ◽  
D. Nandris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Elicitor Treatment

Elicitation of root defense responses of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) to Rigidoporus lignosus has been performed by injection of fungal cell wall extracts into the root system of 1-month-old seedlings. A time course study showed that tissue lignification is induced at 3, 8, 15, and 45 days after elicitor treatment, as observed under a light microscope. The ethanolsoluble elicitor fractions stimulated cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity, involved in lignin synthesis, as well as callose deposits 15 days and 30 days after elicitor treatment. A differential phellogen activity was observed 15 days after injection of roots with fungal extracts not treated with pronase. Stimulation of chitinase activity in leaves, cell hyperplasia, and suberization of root cell walls did not succeed. These data show that some defense mechanisms of tree roots can be triggered by elicitors from root-rotting fungi and result in the stengthening of structural barriers in host tissues. Key words: root rot diseases, elicitation, lignification, cambium stimulation, callose.

scholarly journals Sulphated Polysaccharide from Acanthophora spicifera Induced Hevea brasiliensis Defense Responses Against Phytophthora palmivora Infection

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sittiporn Pettongkhao ◽  
Abdulmuhaimin Bilanglod ◽  
Khemmikar Khompatara ◽  
Nunta Churngchow
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Sulphated Polysaccharide ◽  
Responsive Gene

Elicitors from seaweeds are considered an alternative stimulant of plant defenses against pathogenic infection. Finding new sources of elicitors and exploring their effects on plant defenses is a significant undertaking. In this study, we extracted crude polysaccharide (CPS) from Acanthophora spicifera (a red alga) and tested the effects of the compound on rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) defense responses. Accumulations of salicylic acid (SA) and scopoletin (Scp) were measured by HPLC. The expression of SA- and Jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive genes was analyzed by semi-qRT-PCR. Strong anion exchange chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for purification and functional characterization of CPS, respectively. The extracted CPS enhanced rubber tree defenses against Phytophthora palmivora infection. It induced SA and Scp accumulations and SA-responsive gene expression, but suppressed JA-responsive gene expression. We successfully separated the non-sulphated polysaccharide (F1) from the sulphated polysaccharides (SPS). Both peaks of SPS (F2 and F3) were identified as lambda (λ)-carrageenan. The F3 fraction showed greater elicitor activity on tobacco leaves. It induced SA and Scp accumulations and peroxidase activity but suppressed catalase activity. Furthermore, the purified λ-carrageenan did not cause cell death in tobacco or rubber tree leaves. Therefore, the elicitor from A. spicifera could be an alternative plant stimulant.

scholarly journals Whole-genome and time-course dual RNA-Seq analyses reveal chronic pathogenicity-related gene dynamics in the ginseng rusty root rot pathogen Ilyonectria robusta

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Guan ◽  
Meili Chen ◽  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Zhenglin Du ◽  
Na Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
First Time

Abstract Ilyonectria robusta causes rusty root rot, the most devastating chronic disease of ginseng. Here, we for the first time report the high-quality genome of the I. robusta strain CD-56. Time-course (36 h, 72 h, and 144 h) dual RNA-Seq analysis of the infection process was performed, and many genes, including candidate effectors, were found to be associated with the progression and success of infection. The gene expression profile of CD-56 showed a trend of initial inhibition and then gradually returned to a profile similar to that of the control. Analyses of the gene expression patterns and functions of pathogenicity-related genes, especially candidate effector genes, indicated that the stress response changed to an adaptive response during the infection process. For ginseng, gene expression patterns were highly related to physiological conditions. Specifically, the results showed that ginseng defenses were activated by CD-56 infection and persisted for at least 144 h thereafter but that the mechanisms invoked were not effective in preventing CD-56 growth. Moreover, CD-56 did not appear to fully suppress plant defenses, even in late stages after infection. Our results provide new insight into the chronic pathogenesis of CD-56 and the comprehensive and complex inducible defense responses of ginseng root to I. robusta infection.

scholarly journals Characterization of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) and differential response during Rigidoporus microporus infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porntip Sangsil ◽  
Charassri Nualsri ◽  
Natthakorn Woraathasin ◽  
Korakot Nakkanong
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
White Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

AbstractPhenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a specific branch point enzyme of primary and secondary metabolism. It plays a key role in plant development and defense mechanisms. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Hevea brasiliensis (HbPAL) presented a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 2,145 bp with 721 encoded amino acids. The sequence alignment indicated that the amino acid sequence of HbPAL shared a high identity with PAL genes found in other plants. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that HbPAL was more closely related to PALs in Manihot esculenta and Jatropha curcas than to those from other plants. Transcription pattern analysis indicated that HbPAL was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, most highly in young leaves. The HbPAL gene was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after infection with Rigidoporus microporus at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post inoculation. The expression patterns of the PAL gene differed among the three rubber clones used in the study. The transcription level of the white root rot disease tolerant clone, PB5/51 increased sharply during the latter stages of infection, while it was relatively subdued in the white root rot disease susceptible clones, RRIM600 and BPM24. These results suggest that the HbPAL gene may play a role in the molecular defense response of H. brasiliensis to pathogen attack and could be used as a selection criterion for disease tolerance.

scholarly journals Co- and post-translational processing of the hevein preproprotein of latex of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (24) ◽  
pp. 15944-15948
Author(s):  
H.I. Lee ◽  
W.F. Broekaert ◽  
N.V. Raikhel ◽  
H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree

scholarly journals Ethrel® stimulant increases the activity of soluble invertase isoforms in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) bark tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Débora Domiciano ◽  
◽  
Pollyanna Aparecida Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira ◽  
Hilda Beatriz W. Cárdenaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Arabidopsis Seedlings in Response to an Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaixuan Duan ◽  
Christopher J. Willig ◽  
Joann R. De Tar ◽  
William G. Spollen ◽  
Zhanyuan J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Agrobacterium Strain ◽  
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogen that causes crown gall disease. This pathogen is capable of transferring the T-DNA from its Ti plasmid to the host cell and, then, integrating it into the host genome. To date, this genetic transformation ability has been harnessed as the dominant technology to produce genetically modified plants for both basic research and crop biotechnological applications. However, little is known about the interaction between Agrobacterium tumefaciens and host plants, especially the host responses to Agrobacterium infection and its associated factors. We employed RNA-seq to follow the time course of gene expression in Arabidopsis seedlings infected with either an avirulent or a virulent Agrobacterium strain. Gene Ontology analysis indicated many biological processes were involved in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation process, including hormone signaling, defense response, cellular biosynthesis, and nucleic acid metabolism. RNAseq and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results indicated that expression of genes involved in host plant growth and development were repressed but those involved in defense response were induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Further analysis of the responses of transgenic Arabidopsis lines constitutively expressing either the VirE2 or VirE3 protein suggested Vir proteins act to enhance plant defense responses in addition to their known roles facilitating T-DNA transformation.

Perception and first defense responses against Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in Phaseolus vulgaris L.: identification of Wall-Associated Kinase receptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gonzalo De la Rubia ◽  
María Luz Centeno ◽  
Victor Moreno-González ◽  
María De Castro ◽  
Penélope García-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is attacked by several pathogens such as the biotrophic gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph). In order to study the Pph-bean interaction during the first stages of infection, leaf disks of a susceptible bean variety named Riñón were infected with a pathogenic Pph. Using this experimental system, six new putative Wall-Associated Kinase (WAKs) receptors, previously identified in silico, were tested. These six bean WAKs (PvWAKs) showed high protein sequence homology to the well-described Arabidopsis WAK1 (AtWAK1) receptor and, by phylogenetic analysis, clustered together with AtWAKs. The expression of PvWAK1 increased at very early stages after the Pph infection. Time course experiments were performed to evaluate the accumulation of apoplastic H2O2, Ca2+ influx, total H2O2, antioxidant enzymatic activities, lipid peroxidation, and the concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), as well as the expression of six defense-related genes – MEKK-1, MAPKK, WRKY33, RIN4, PR1 and NPR1. The results showed that overexpression of PR1 occurred 2 h after Pph infection without a concomitant increase in SA levels. Although apoplastic H2O2 increased after infection, the oxidative burst was neither intense nor rapid and an efficient antioxidant response did not occur, suggesting that the observed cellular damage was due to the initial increase in total H2O2 at early time points after infection. In conclusion, the Riñón variety can perceive the presence of Pph, but this recognition only results in a modest and slow activation of host defenses, leading to high susceptibility to Pph.

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