scholarly journals Obesity and Trends in Life Expectancy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen L. Walls ◽  
Kathryn Backholer ◽  
Joseph Proietto ◽  
John J. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Extreme Obesity ◽  
Subsequent Reduction ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Future Burden ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy

Background.Increasing levels of obesity over recent decades have been expected to lead to an epidemic of diabetes and a subsequent reduction in life expectancy, but instead all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality rates have decreased steadily in most developed countries and life expectancy has increased.Methods.This paper suggests several factors that may be masking the effects of obesity on life expectancy.Results.It is possible that health and life expectancy gains could be even greater if it was not for the increasing prevalence of extreme obesity. It is also possible that the principal impact of obesity is on disability-free life expectancy rather than on life expectancy itself.Conclusion.If the principal impact of obesity were through disability-free life expectancy rather than on life expectancy itself, this would have substantial implications for the health of individuals and the future burden on the health care system.

Issues of co-financing of drug provision for the population: international and Russian practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Ryazhenov ◽  
Victoriya Andreyeva ◽  
Elena Zakharochkina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Russian President ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Drug Provision

Russian President Vladimir Putin defined increase in life expectancy from 72.7 to 78 years by 2024 as a national aim in the Decree № 204 of May 7, 2018. Achievement of this aim depends on drug provision system among other factors. Strategy of drug provision for the population of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025 sets the goal of increasing availability of high quality, effective and safe medicines to meet needs of the population and the health system based on the formation of a rational and balanced system of drug provision for the population of the country with available resources. The health care system should expand the possibilities of using modern and effective mechanisms to ensure the financing of drug provision for the population.

scholarly journals The nursing shortage: a worldwide problem

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Z. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Care System

A worldwide shortage of nurses has been acknowledged by the multidisciplinary Global Advisory Group of the World Health Organization. The shortage is caused by an increased demand for nurses, while fewer people are choosing nursing as a profession and the current nurses worldwide are aging. The shortage applies to nurses in practice as well as the nurse faculty who teach students. The inter-country recruitment and migration of nurses from developing countries to developed countries exacerbates the problem. Although public opinion polls identifies the nurse as the person who makes the health care system work for them, the conditions of the work environment in which the nurse functions is unsatisfactory and must change. Numerous studies have shown the positive effects on the nurse of a healthy work environment and the positive relationships between nursing care and patient outcomes. It is important that government officials, insurance companies, and administrators and leaders of health care systems acknowledge and operationalize the value of nurses to the health care system in order to establish and maintain the integrity and viability of that system.

scholarly journals The Cuban Healthcare System: An Insight

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Nisha Zahid ◽  
Farah Ahmed ◽  
Noor Israr ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Sidra Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Care System

All the countries in the world are struggling to improve their healthcare systems regardless of being rich or poor. Talking about Cuba, it represents an example of well-developed healthcare system and policies which is comparable to developed countries of the world. The success of Cuban healthcare system largely depends upon its strong primary health care system, proper immunization, robust public health policies, treating all the population classes equally providing them with free healthcare services. The control of infection spread and non-communicable diseases also contributes to the success of Cuban Healthcare system. We have discussed the Cuban health care system from start till the current situation and also, we performed SWOT analysis to bring the clearer depiction of the Cuban Healthcare System as it highlights the key internal and external issues which are further discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Increasing Education-Based Disparities in Healthy Life Expectancy Among U.S. Non-Hispanic Whites, 2000–2010

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Cantu ◽  
Connor M Sheehan ◽  
Isaac Sasson ◽  
Mark D Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
White Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
College Educated

Abstract Objectives To examine changes in Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) against the backdrop of rising mortality among less educated white Americans during the first decade of the 21st century. Method This study documented changes in HLE by education among U.S. non-Hispanic whites, using data from the U.S. Multiple Cause of Death public-use files, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS) of the 2000 Census and the 2010 American Community Survey, and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Changes in HLE were decomposed into contributions from: (1) change in age-specific mortality rates; and (2) change in disability prevalence, measured via Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Results Between 2000 and 2010, HLE significantly decreased for white men and women with less than 12 years of schooling. By contrast, HLE increased among college-educated white men and women. Declines or stagnation in HLE among less educated whites reflected increases in disability prevalence over the study period, whereas improvements among the college educated reflected decreases in both age-specific mortality rates and disability prevalence at older ages. Discussion Differences in HLE between education groups increased among non-Hispanic whites from 2000 to 2010. In fact, education-based differences in HLE were larger than differences in total life expectancy. Thus, the lives of less educated whites were not only shorter, on average, compared with their college-educated counterparts, but they were also more burdened with disability.

Markets in Health Care: The Case of Renal Transplantation

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troyen Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
American Health Care System ◽  
Outcomes Of Care ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Care System

Recent developments in organ procurement have revived the much-debated role of markets in our health care system. The unique American health care system, with its presumption of universality alongside private health insurance and relatively limited federal and state programs, is in many ways consumer-driven today. We certainly tolerate more broad disparities in availability of care and in outcomes of care largely based on socioeconomic status than do many other developed countries, where notions of universal access are supported by broader public financing.

scholarly journals Asthma Mortality in Canada, 1946 to 1990

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Hogg ◽  
Martin T Schechter ◽  
Julio SG Montaner ◽  
James C Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asthma Mortality

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of asthma on Canadian mortality rates over a 45-year period.DESIGN: A descriptive, population-based study.SETTING: Canada.SUBJECTS: All persons who died from asthma in Canada from 1946 to 1990 as reported to Statistics Canada in Ottawa.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardized mortality ratios, age-specific patterns of death, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and life expectancy lost.RESULTS: A total of 12,010 male and 8486 female asthma deaths were recorded in Canada from 1946 to 1990. Mortality rates for both sexes declined from a high of between three to six deaths in 1951 to 1955 to approximately two deaths per 100,000 in 1986 to 1990, with the decline in rates being greater for males than females. Age-specific mortality rates were highest al all ages in 1951 to 1955, except for 15 to 24 years when deaths rates for the 1981 to 1985 period were greater. PYLL exhibit the same pattern as mortality, peaking in 1951 to 1955 and subsequently declining with each period. Loss in life expectancy due to asthma was about one month (not significant) in all time periods.CONCLUSIONS: Asthma mortality rates have declined significantly over the study period. This decline appears to be linked with the convergence of sex-specific rates and with changes in the patterning or age-specific mortality. The impact of asthma on the life expectancy of Canadians is small.

scholarly journals Governance of Iranian Primary Health Care System: Perceptions of Experts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Sadegh TABRIZI ◽  
Faramarz POURASGHAR ◽  
Raana GHOLAMZADEH NIKJOO
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Customer Participation ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Care System

Background: Despite huge advances in improving most health indicators, Iranian primary health care (PHC) has faced several problems in improving the quality of care inside the health care system. Developed countries with similar problems have used various models of PHC governance for improving quality in their PHC system. This study aimed to obtain health professionals’ perspectives about the suitable pillars and components of Iran's PHC governance model. Methods: A purposeful sampling method was used to select seven participants who had a minimum of five years of experience in PHC and background education in the field of medical sciences. Between Jan and Jun 2015, three focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with seven PHC experts in Tabriz. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. Results: The eight main categories including quality improvement, management and leadership, community involvement and customer participation, effectiveness of PHC, human resource development, safety, health care evaluation and audit, and health information management plus 51 sub-categories were identified according to participants' expects about the essential pillars and components for Iranian PHC governance model. Conclusion: Pillars that suggested for designing Iran’s PHC governance model are presented according to internal informed expert’s opinions and taking into account PHC system real status. By adding the degree of importance for each component and proper performance indicators to this collection, assessing the progress of the PHC system towards excellence will be possible and it will prevent any mental judgments about system performance.

scholarly journals A first analysis of excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253505
Author(s):  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Valentin Rousson
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Official Data

Objective To quantify excess all-cause mortality in Switzerland in 2020, a key indicator for assessing direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using official data on deaths in Switzerland, all-cause mortality in 2020 was compared with that of previous years using directly standardized mortality rates, age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and life expectancy. Results The standardized mortality rate was 8.8% higher in 2020 than in 2019, returning to the level observed 5–6 years before, around the year 2015. This increase was greater for men (10.6%) than for women (7.2%) and was statistically significant only for men over 70 years of age, and for women over 75 years of age. The decrease in life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 was 0.7%, with a loss of 9.7 months for men and 5.3 months for women. Conclusions There was an excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020, linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as this excess only concerned the elderly, the resulting loss of life expectancy was restricted to a few months, bringing the mortality level back to 2015.

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