scholarly journals Asthma Mortality in Canada, 1946 to 1990

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Hogg ◽  
Martin T Schechter ◽  
Julio SG Montaner ◽  
James C Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Asthma Mortality

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of asthma on Canadian mortality rates over a 45-year period.DESIGN: A descriptive, population-based study.SETTING: Canada.SUBJECTS: All persons who died from asthma in Canada from 1946 to 1990 as reported to Statistics Canada in Ottawa.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardized mortality ratios, age-specific patterns of death, potential years of life lost (PYLL) and life expectancy lost.RESULTS: A total of 12,010 male and 8486 female asthma deaths were recorded in Canada from 1946 to 1990. Mortality rates for both sexes declined from a high of between three to six deaths in 1951 to 1955 to approximately two deaths per 100,000 in 1986 to 1990, with the decline in rates being greater for males than females. Age-specific mortality rates were highest al all ages in 1951 to 1955, except for 15 to 24 years when deaths rates for the 1981 to 1985 period were greater. PYLL exhibit the same pattern as mortality, peaking in 1951 to 1955 and subsequently declining with each period. Loss in life expectancy due to asthma was about one month (not significant) in all time periods.CONCLUSIONS: Asthma mortality rates have declined significantly over the study period. This decline appears to be linked with the convergence of sex-specific rates and with changes in the patterning or age-specific mortality. The impact of asthma on the life expectancy of Canadians is small.

scholarly journals The Impact of Geography in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Population Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Irene S. Yu ◽  
Shiru L. Liu ◽  
Valeriya Zaborska ◽  
Tyler Raycraft ◽  
Sharlene Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Quaternary Center ◽  
Statistics Canada ◽  
The Impact

Background: The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) includes different therapeutic modalities and multidisciplinary tumor board reviews. The impact of geography and treatment center type (quaternary vs. non-quaternary) on access to care is unclear. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on HCC patients who received sorafenib in British Columbia from 2008 to 2016. Patients were grouped by Statistics Canada population center (PC) size criteria: large PC (LPC), medium PC (MPC), and small PC (SPC). Access to specialists, receipt of liver-directed therapies, and survival outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: Of 286 patients, the geographical distribution was: LPC: 75%; MPC: 16%; and SPC: 9%. A higher proportion of Asians (51% vs. 9% vs. 4%; p < 0.001), Child–Pugh A (94% vs. 83% vs. 80%; p = 0.022), and hepatitis B (37% vs. 15% vs. 4%; p < 0.001) was observed in LPC vs. MPC vs. SPC, respectively. LPC patients were more likely referred to a hepatologist (62% vs. 48% vs. 40%; p = 0.031) and undergo transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (43% vs. 24% vs. 24%; p = 0.018). Sixty percent were treated at a quaternary center, and the median overall survival (OS) was higher for patients treated at a quaternary vs. non-quaternary center (28.0 vs. 14.6 months, respectively; p < 0.001) but similar when compared by PC size. Treatment at a quaternary center predicted an improved survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR): 0.652; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.503–0.844; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Geography did not appear to impact OS but patients from LPC were more likely to be referred to hepatology and undergo TACE. Treatment at a quaternary center was associated with an improved survival.

scholarly journals 1491Impact of COVID19 on years of life lost with and without disability across 18 European-countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ahmadi-Abhari ◽  
Piotr Bandosz ◽  
Mika Kivimaki ◽  
Lefkos Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Abstract Background To accurately assess the impact of COVID19 on life-expectancy, years of life lost, and prevalence of dementia and disability, a model integrating calendar-trends in cardiovascular-disease, dementia, disability and mortality is required. We estimated these impacts in Austria, Belgium, Czech-Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK. Methods Data to inform the ten-state Monte-Carlo Markov-model for the 18 European countries were derived from official-statistics for population-numbers and mortality-rates (age&sex-specific) and from Survey for Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for prevalence-estimates and transition-probabilities. Impact of COVID19 was measured comparing the estimates derived from incorporating expected mortality rates assuming calendar-trends in mortality and incidence of dementia, disability, and cardiovascular-disease continue those of the past two-decades, and those incorporating excess COVID19 mortality. Results Assuming COVID-19 vaccination and termination of the pandemic will be accomplished by the end of 2021, the pandemic will have resulted in a loss of 9.3M (95% Uncertainty-Interval 1.3M-29.8M) person-years of life, including 7.1M person-years of dementia-free life and 5.2M person-years of disability-free life among the 289M population (as of 2019) above age-35. The effects on prevalence of dementia, disability and life-expectancy will be presented. Conclusions The impact of the pandemic on disability-free person-years of life lost are devastating, marking a need for more rapid actions to halt the spread of epidemics. Key messages Accurate estimation of future prevalence of dementia and disability to quantify the impact of the pandemic on years of life lost needs to simultaneously account for the declining trends in incidence of dementia and the decline in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality resulting in increased life-expectancy and a larger pool susceptible to dementia and disability. The COVID19 pandemic is estimated to result in 9.3million person-years of life lost in 18 European countries including a loss of 7.1M person-years of dementia-free life and 5.2M person-years of disability-free life.

ACCURACY OF THE DEATH CERTIFICATE IN A POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF ASTHMATIC PATIENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-254
Author(s):  
Alan B. Goldsobel
Keyword(s):  
Death Certificate ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Asthma Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

Death certificate diagnosis of asthma as the underlying cause of death had a low sensitivity, but high specificity. Asthma mortality rates, determined from death certificate data, may indeed underestimate actual asthma-related mortality.

Temporal Trends in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Outcome Using the Loss in Expectation of Life: A Swedish Population-Based Study

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2779-2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Bjorkholm ◽  
Hannah Bower ◽  
Paul W Dickman ◽  
Paul C Lambert ◽  
Martin Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
General Population ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm with an incidence of 1-1.5 cases per 100,000 adults, accounting for ∼ 15-20 % of newly diagnosed patients with myeloid leukemia in adults. Treatment for CML has changed dramatically with the introduction of imatinib mesylate (IM), the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein. Previous population-based research (Björkholm et al. JCO, 2011) showed a major improvement in outcome of patients with CML up to 79 years of age diagnosed from 2001 to 2008. The elderly still had poorer outcome, partly because of a limited use of IM. However, increasing recognition of IM resistance and intolerance has led to the development of additional (second and third-generation) TKIs, which have demonstrated effectiveness as salvage therapies or alternative first-line treatments. Here we quantify how the life years lost due to a diagnosis of CML has changed between 1973 and 2013 using a measure called the loss in expectation of life (LEL). Methods This population-based study included3,684CML patients diagnosed in Sweden between 1973 and 2013; diagnoses were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The LEL was estimated using flexible parametric models. The LEL is the difference between the life expectancy in the diseased population and that in a matched subset of the general population. This measure has a simple interpretation as the number of life years lost, or the reduction in the life expectancy, due to a diagnosis of cancer. Results The life expectancy increased dramatically between 1990 and 2013 for CML patients of all ages; see figure. Patients in 2013, on average, lose less than 3 life years due to their diagnosis of CML. The largest increase in the life expectancy and thus the largest decrease in LEL over time was seen in younger patients; a diagnosis of CML in 1990 for a male 55-year old, on average, reduced his life expectancy by approximately 20.6 (95% CI: 20.3-21.1) years whereas a diagnosis in 2010 in the same male would on average reduce his life expectancy by only 2.6 (95% CI: 1.4-3.8) years. Although the greatest improvements were seen in those diagnosed at a younger age, those diagnosed at 85 years still benefitted in better survival over year of diagnosis; a diagnosis of CML in 1990 for a 85-year old, on average, reduced his life expectancy by approximately 3.6 (95% CI: 3.5-3.8) years whereas a diagnosis in 2010 in the same male would on average reduce his life expectancy by only 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0-2.2) years. Conclusions The reduction in life expectancy, or the number of life years lost due to a diagnosis of CML has greatly reduced over the years Patients who are diagnosed at a younger age lose dramatically fewer years in the most recent calendar years compared to previous years due to their CML diagnosis. Improvements in survival in the late 1990s were at least as great as those from 2001 in the youngest patients. Increased number of allogeneic stem cell transplantations, the introduction of interferon-alpha, improved supportive care and second line treatment with IM have all contributed. Less improvement was seen in the older patients which is probably explained by the relatively slow implementation of IM in this patient group. The impact of second generation TKIs on long-term survival remains to be determined. Figure 1. Life expectancy of the general population and CML patients aged 55, 65, 75 and 85 years over year of diagnosis, by sex. Figure 1. Life expectancy of the general population and CML patients aged 55, 65, 75 and 85 years over year of diagnosis, by sex. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals All-cause and cause-specific mortality in Scotland 1981–2011 by age, sex and deprivation: a population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Brown ◽  
Mirjam Allik ◽  
Ruth Dundas ◽  
Alastair H Leyland
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Deprived Areas

Abstract Background Average life expectancy has stopped increasing for many countries. This has been attributed to causes such as influenza, austerity policies and deaths of despair (drugs, alcohol and suicide). Less is known on the inequality of life expectancy over time using reliable, whole population, data. This work examines all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates in Scotland to assess the patterning of relative and absolute inequalities across three decades. Methods Using routinely collected Scottish mortality and population records we calculate directly age-standardized mortality rates by age group, sex and deprivation fifths for all-cause and cause-specific deaths around each census 1981–2011. Results All-cause mortality rates in the most deprived areas in 2011 (472 per 100 000 population) remained higher than in the least deprived in 1981 (422 per 100 000 population). For those aged 0–64, deaths from circulatory causes more than halved between 1981 and 2011 and cancer mortality decreased by a third (with greater relative declines in the least deprived areas). Over the same period, alcohol- and drug-related causes and male suicide increased (with greater absolute and relative increases in more deprived areas). There was also a significant increase in deaths from dementia and Alzheimer’s disease for those aged 75+. Conclusions Despite reductions in mortality, relative (but not absolute) inequalities widened between 1981 and 2011 for all-cause mortality and for several causes of death. Reducing relative inequalities in Scotland requires faster mortality declines in deprived areas while countering increases in mortality from causes such as drug- and alcohol-related harm and male suicide.

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