scholarly journals Distance Traveled and Cross-State Commuting to Opioid Treatment Programs in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rosenblum ◽  
Charles M. Cleland ◽  
Chunki Fong ◽  
Deborah J. Kayman ◽  
Barbara Tempalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Opioid Treatment ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Commuting Patterns

This study examined commuting patterns among 23,141 methadone patients enrolling in 84 opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States. Patients completed an anonymous one-page survey. A linear mixed model analysis was used to predict distance traveled to the OTP. More than half (60%) the patients traveled <10 miles and 6% travelled between 50 and 200 miles to attend an OTP; 8% travelled across a state border to attend an OTP. In the multivariate model (n=17,792), factors significantly (P<.05) associated with distance were, residing in the Southeast or Midwest, low urbanicity, area of the patient's ZIP code, younger age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, prescription opioid abuse, and no heroin use. A significant number of OTP patients travel considerable distances to access treatment. To reduce obstacles to OTP access, policy makers and treatment providers should be alert to patients' commuting patterns and to factors associated with them.

Characteristics and current clinical practices of opioid treatment programs in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 107616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Jones ◽  
Danielle J. Byrd ◽  
Thomas J. Clarke ◽  
Tony B. Campbell ◽  
Chideha Ohuoha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Opioid Treatment

Code-switching attitudes and their effects on acceptability judgment tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Badiola ◽  
Rodrigo Delgado ◽  
Ariane Sande ◽  
Sara Stefanich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

Abstract The present study examines the effects of code-switching (CS) attitudes in Acceptability Judgment Tasks (AJTs) among early Spanish/English bilinguals in the United States. In doing so, we explore whether negative attitudes towards CS result in lower/degraded ratings, and, likewise, whether positive attitudes result in higher acceptability ratings. Fifty Spanish/English bilinguals completed a survey that comprised a linguistic background questionnaire and a set of monolingual and code-switched sentences featuring two sets of stimuli, pro-drop (Sande, 2015) and pronouns (Koronkiewicz, 2014), that they rated on a 1–7 Likert scale; additionally, the survey included a final component that gathered information about the speakers’ attitudes towards CS. The pro-drop and pronouns code-switched stimuli gave rise to a total of four conditions. Results from a Linear Mixed Model revealed that all participants, regardless of attitude, distinguished between all Conditions. Furthermore, an effect for attitude was found for two of the conditions, such that the more positive the attitude, the higher the rating given on the AJT. In fact, these two conditions were composed of the CS structures that were rated higher by participants in Sande (2015) and Koronkiewicz (2014). No effect for attitude was found for CS structures that were rated low in the original studies. Thus, this investigation suggests that the attitudes that bilingual speakers have towards CS play a role in the ratings that they provide in AJTs, but in a manner that highlights, rather than obscures, the rule-governed nature of CS.

No Pain No Gain, Establishing the Kunming, China, Drug Rehabilitation Center

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde B. McCoy ◽  
Shenghan Lai ◽  
Lisa R. Metsch ◽  
Xue-Ren Wang ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Community Model ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The Yunnan Province in China may be experiencing the highest incidence of heroin use in China, in part because of its proximity to the Golden Triangle. This high incidence, as elsewhere, threatens to increase associated problems in China, including the spread of HIV. Furthermore, the high purity of heroin used in this Province leads to rapid addiction and increased difficulties in treating the symptoms of withdrawal. One response to this epidemic is the development and implementation of the Kunming Drug Rehabilitation Center. The Center, with a capacity for 620 addicts, is grounded in a recovery-oriented perspective that is based on the Therapeutic Community model and modified for the Yunnan Province and China. It is referred to as the Kunming Model and is known for the development of its own medicine for detoxification and its individualized psychological, psychiatric, medical, and biosocial program. Similarities and differences between the Kunming Center and treatment programs in the United States are discussed and implications for universal approaches to drug treatment are addressed.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Opioid Treatment Programs in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 109049
Author(s):  
Lloyd A. Goldsamt ◽  
Andrew Rosenblum ◽  
Philip Appel ◽  
Philip Paris ◽  
Nasreen Nazia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Opioid Treatment ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Background ozone over Canada and the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 21111-21164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chan ◽  
R. J. Vet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Background Ozone ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Decadal Scale

Abstract. Planetary boundary layer (PBL) ozone temporal variations were investigated on diurnal, seasonal and decadal scales in various regions across Canada and the United States for the period 1997–2006. Background ozone is difficult to quantify and define through observations. In light of the importance of its estimates for achievable policy targets, evaluation of health impacts and relationship with climate, background ozone mixing ratios were estimated. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were performed using 97 non-urban ozone sites for each season to define contiguous regions. Backward air parcel trajectories were used to systematically select the cleanest background air cluster associated with the lowest May–September 95th percentile for each site. Decadal ozone trends were estimated by season for each PCA-derived region using a~generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Background ozone mixing ratios were variable geographically and seasonally. For example, the mixing ratios annually ranged from 21 to 38, and 23 to 38 ppb for the continental Eastern Canada and Eastern US. The Pacific and Atlantic coastal regions typically had relatively low background levels ranging from 14 to 24, and 17 to 36 ppb, respectively. On the decadal scale, the direction and magnitude of trends are different in all seasons across the regions (−1.56 to +0.93 ppb/a). Trends increased in the Pacific region for all seasons. Background ozone decadal changes are shown to be masked by the much stronger regional signals in areas that have seen substantial reductions of ozone precursors since the early 2000s.

scholarly journals Prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among 12-34 year-olds in the United States from 2002 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia S. Martins ◽  
Luis E. Segura ◽  
Julian Santaella-Tenorio ◽  
Alexander Perlmutter ◽  
Miriam C. Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Heroin Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Marriage in the Melting Pot: An evolutionary approach to European ancestry, homogamy and fertility in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Schahbasi ◽  
Susanne Huber ◽  
Martin Fieder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Variance Explained

AbstractObjectiveTo understand marriage patterns, homogamy and fertility of women of European ancestry in the United States from an evolutionary perspective we aim to investigate if a prevalence for ancestral homogamy exists, the factors influencing a female preference for an ancestral homogamous vs. an heterogamous marriage, if an ancestral homogamous vs. heterogamous marriages influences fertility and if there is an inherted component of the tendency to marry homogamously vs. heterogamously. Furthermore we aim to determine the heritability of homogamous vs. heterogamous marriage behaviour.MethodsWe used the census data of 369,121 US women married only once and aged between 46 and 60 years, provided by IPUMS USA (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/). We used linear mixed models to determine associations of the probability of a homogamous vs. heterogamous marriage and the individual fertility of a women. We aimed to estimate the heritability (in our case genetic & parental environment) of marriage behaviour using a linear mixed model.ResultsWe found, that ancestral heterogamous marriages are more frequent (56.5%), compared to homogamous marriages (43.5%). Most of the variance in inter- ancestry marriage and fertility is explained by ancestry per se, followed by the ratio of individuals of a certain ancestral background in a county: the more individuals of a certain ancestry live in a county the lower is the tendency to marry someone of a different ancestral background. Furthermore we found that about 11.8% of the marriage behaviour is heritable. Being in a homogamous marriage as well as the income of the spouse are both significantly positively associated with the number of children a women has and the probability that a women has at least one child.DiscussionThe most important explaining factor (in terms of variance explained) for being in an ancestral homogamous vs. heterogamous marriage, for number of children, as well as childlessness is the ancestry of the women. Albeit we are not able to distinguish the genetic and social heritability on basis of our data, with a total value of 11.8% variance explained, only a small heritability for in-group vs, out-group marriage behaviour is indicated.

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