scholarly journals Titanium-Based Biomaterials for Preventing Stress Shielding between Implant Devices and Bone

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Niinomi ◽  
M. Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Bone Atrophy

β-type titanium alloys with low Young's modulus are required to inhibit bone atrophy and enhance bone remodeling for implants used to substitute failed hard tissue. At the same time, these titanium alloys are required to have high static and dynamic strength. On the other hand, metallic biomaterials with variable Young's modulus are required to satisfy the needs of both patients and surgeons, namely, low and high Young's moduli, respectively. In this paper, we have discussed effective methods to improve the static and dynamic strength while maintaining low Young's modulus forβ-type titanium alloys used in biomedical applications. Then, the advantage of low Young's modulus ofβ-type titanium alloys in biomedical applications has been discussed from the perspective of inhibiting bone atrophy and enhancing bone remodeling. Further, we have discussed the development ofβ-type titanium alloys with a self-adjusting Young's modulus for use in removable implants.

Research and Development of Low-Cost Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Junko Hieda ◽  
Ken Cho ◽  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Young’S Moduli

β-type titanium alloys comprising low cost elements such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Sn, Al, O and N and having low Young’s modulus are currently being developed. Examples of such alloys include Ti-10Cr-Al, Ti-Mn, Ti-Mn-Fe, Ti-Mn-Al, Ti-Cr-Al, Ti-Sn-Cr, Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr, Ti-(Cr, Mn)-Sn, and Ti-12Cr. Ti-5Fe-3Nb-3Zr belongs to that class of titanium alloys in which rare metals such as Nb, Ta, and Zr have been reduced using Fe. Ti-5Fe-3Nb-3Zr has a Young’s modulus of around 76 GPa and has greater strength than that of Ti-6Al-4V ELI for biomedical applications. The characteristics of Ti-5Fe-3Nb-3Zr and other low-cost beta-type titanium alloys with low Young’s moduli are discussed from the viewpoint of biomedical applications.

Effect of Hot Swaging on Microstructure and Properties of Aged Ti-10Mo-20Nb Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinara Borborema Gabriel ◽  
Jean Dille ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Emanuel Santos Jr. ◽  
Renato Baldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Final Microstructure

Mechanical properties of metastable β-Ti alloys are highly dependent on the final microstructure, which is controlled by the thermomechanical processing. These alloys are used for biomedical applications and require a high mechanical strength as well as a low Young’s modulus to avoid stress shielding. Previous work on the development of cold swaged Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy showed that the best compromise strength and Young ́s modulus was obtained when the forming is followed by an aging heat treatment at 500 oC. In this work, Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy was hot swaged and aged at 500 oC for 10 min, 4h and 24h. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was based on Vickers microhardness tests and Young’s modulus measurements. Aging at 500 oC for 10 min after hot swaging resulted in a nearly 100% β phase microstructure while aging at 500°C for 4h or 24h led to a bimodal microstructure consisting on α precipitates dispersed in the β matrix. The higher hardness to Young’s modulus ratio was obtained for the sample aged at 500 °C for 4h. This value was higher than those obtained for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and commercially pure Ti.

Effects of Nb Content on Young’s Modulus and Tensile Property of Ti-30Ta Alloy for Biomedical Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Yun Neng Wang ◽  
Yun Qing Ma ◽  
Shui Yuan Yang ◽  
Xu Liang Liu ◽  
Cui Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Nb Content ◽  
Nb Addition

The effects of Nb addition on microstructures, Young’s moduli, tensile properties of Ti-30Ta-xNb (x = 21, 24, 27, 30, wt. %) alloys were investigated in this study. The results show that dual phases containing β phase and a little α" martensite were observed when x = 21 and 24, whereas single β phase is present when x = 27 and 30. A minimum Young’s modulus of 52.13 GPa was obtained in Ti-30Ta-21Nb alloy. Ti-30Ta-xNb alloys exhibit high strength-to-modulus ratios, showing their great potentials to develop as new candidates for biomedical applications.

Effect of Y2O3 on Mechanical Properties of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2138-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Song ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Harumi Tsutsumi ◽  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Β Phase

Y2O3 was added to β-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) in order to achieve excellent mechanical performance and low Young’s modulus. TNTZ specimens with 0.05%–1.0% Y are all found to be composed of a β phase. Young’s moduli of TNTZ with 0.05–1.0% Y are all maintained low, and are almost the same as that of TNTZ without Y2O3. The grain size of TNTZ with 0.05%–1.0% Y is smaller than that of TNTZ without Y2O3. Moreover, Y2O3 precipitates can prevent the texture movement, and this effect becomes more obvious with an increase in the Y concentration. The tensile strength of TNTZ is successfully improved by adding Y2O3. TNTZ specimens with 0.2% and 1.0% Y exhibit good balance between the tensile strength and the elongation.

Mechanical Performance of Newly Developed Titanium and Zirconium System Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Harumi Tsutsumi ◽  
Tomokazu Hattori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Severe Deformation ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Nb Content ◽  
Cold Rolled

A new -type Ti alloy composed of non-toxic and allergy-free elements like Nb, Ta, and Zr, Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy (TNTZ) proposed by present authors, has been developed in order to achieve relatively low Young’s modulus and excellent mechanical performance. On the other hand, Zr has been also paid attention as metallic biomaterial for the next generation because of good biocompatibility nearly equal to Ti or a few GPa smaller Young’s modulus as compared to one. In this study, mechanical performances such as tensile properties and Young's modulus of TNTZ subjected to thermo-mechanical treatments or severe deformation, and the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of Zr-Nb system alloys were investigated in order to judge their potential for biomedical applications. Young’s modulus of as-solutionized TNTZ, which is around 63 GPa, is pretty similar to that of as-cold-rolled TNTZ. The Young’s moduli of hot-rolled Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy are respective around 110 GPa. The Young’s moduli of as-solutionized and as-cold-rolled TNTZ are around a half of those, and are twice as large as that of the cortical bone. The tensile strengths of TNTZ aged after solution treatment and those aged after cold rolling decrease with an increase in the aging temperature, although the elongation shows the reverse trend. The tensile strength of as-cold-rolled TNTZ is improved drastically through severe deformation such as high pressure torsion and shows more than 1000 MPa. Zr-XNb system alloy (X: 5-30mass%) shows the smallest value of Young’s modulus (around 58 GPa) at Nb content of 20mass%. In the case of implantation of the bars made of Zr-XNb system alloys into the lateral femoral condyles of Japanese white rabbits, the tendency of contact between the cancellous bone and the bar becomes remarkably at 24 weeks after the implantation according to increasing with Nb content.

Young’s Modulus Changeable Titanium Alloys for Orthopaedic Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Xiao Li Zhao ◽  
Xing Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Biomedical Titanium Alloy ◽  
Modulus Measurement ◽  
Spinal Fixation Devices

A novel biomedical titanium alloy with the ability to undergo self-adjustment in its Young’s modulus was developed. In spinal fixation devices, the Young’s modulus of the metallic implant rod should be sufficiently high to suppress springback for the surgeon, but should also be sufficiently low to prevent stress shielding for the patient. Therefore, deformation-induced ω phase transformation was introduced into β-type titanium alloys so that the Young’s modulus of only the deformed part would increase during operation, while that of the non-deformed part would remain low. The increase in the Young’s modulus due to cold rolling was investigated for a binary Ti-12Cr alloy (mass%). Microstructural observation and Young’s modulus measurement reveal that the Ti-12Cr alloy undergoes deformation-induced ω phase transformation and exhibits the increase in the Young’s modulus by deformation.

Low Young's Modulus β-Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 308-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Hady Gepreel Mohamed ◽  
Ibrahim Mervat ◽  
Sengo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Rare Elements ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
The Common

The low Young's modulus of Ti-alloys is of particular importance for biomedical applications to prevent or reduce the occurrence of stress shielding. This paper shows some ways that are used to produce new Ti-alloys with low Young's modulus for biomedical applications. The different factors that affect the Young's modulus such as the phase's stability, role of alloying elements, plastic deformation, and texturing are discussed. The low-cost and low-Young's modulus Ti-alloys (i.e., alloys composed mainly of the common elements and/or contains a minimum amount of the high-cost rare elements) are also discussed.

Young's Modulus Changeable β-Type Binary Ti-Cr Alloys for Spinal Fixation Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Feng Zhao ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
Junko Hieda
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Spinal Fixation ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Biomedical Titanium Alloy

Presently Metallic Rods that Are Used for Spinal Fixtures Cannot Meet the Requirements of both Surgeons and Patients; Surgeons Require the Material to Have a High Young’s Modulus to Suppress Springback during the Operation, whereas Patients Require the Material to Have a Low Young’s Modulus to Prevent the Stress-Shielding Effect. In Order to Develop a Novel Biomedical Titanium Alloy with a Changeable Young’s Modulus for Spinal Fixation Applications via Deformation-Induced ω Phase Transformation. The Effects of Deformation-Induced Phases on the Mechanical Properties of Metastable β-Type Ti-xCr Alloys Were Investigated. The Experimental Results Indicate that the Young’s Moduli, Tensile Strength, and Vickers Hardness of the Ti–(10–12)Cr Alloys Increase Remarkably by Cold Rolling. The Results of the Microstructural Observations of Ti–12Cr Alloys Using a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Show that Deformation-Induced ω Phase Transformation Occurs during Cold Rolling. Therefore, the Increase in Young’s Modulus of the Alloys Is Attributed to the Deformation-Induced ω Phase, which Is Formed in the Alloy during Cold Rolling at Room Temperature.

Transverse Young's Moduli and Cell Shapes in Coniferous Early Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugai Watanabe ◽  
Minoru Fujita ◽  
Misato Norimoto
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The relationship between transverse Young's moduli and cell shapes in coniferous early wood was investigated using cell models constructed by two dimensional power spectrum analysis. The calculated values of tangential Young's modulus qualitatively explained the relationship between experimental values and density as well as the difference in experimental values among species. The calculated values of radial Young's modulus for the species having hexagonal cells agreed well with the experimental values, whereas, for the species having square cells, the calculated values were much larger than the experimental values. This result was ascribed to the fact that the bending moment on the radial cell wall of square cell models was calculated to be small. It is suggested that the asymmetrical shape of real wood cells or the behavior of nodes during ell deformation is an important factor in the mechanism of linear elastic deformation of wood cells.

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