scholarly journals On MEMS Reliability and Failure Mechanisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Fonseca ◽  
Miguel Sequera
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Operational Failure ◽  
The Military

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are a fast-growing field in microelectronics. MEMS are commonly used as actuators and sensors with a wide variety of applications in health care, automotives, and the military. The MEMS production cycle can be classified as three basic steps: (1) design process, (2) manufacturing process, and (3) operating cycle. Several studies have been conducted for steps (1) and (2); however, information regarding operational failure modes in MEMS is lacking. This paper discusses reliability in the context of MEMS functionality. It also presents a brief review of the most relevant failure mechanisms for MEMS.

Methodology for Analysis of Schottky Diode Failures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu P. Sood ◽  
Michael Pecht ◽  
John Miker ◽  
Tom Wanek
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Forward Voltage ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
The Common

Abstract Schottky diodes are semiconductor switching devices with low forward voltage drops and very fast switching speeds. This paper provides an overview of the common failure modes in Schottky diodes and corresponding failure mechanisms associated with each failure mode. Results of material level evaluation on diodes and packages as well as manufacturing and assembly processes are analyzed to identify a set of possible failure sites with associated failure modes, mechanisms, and causes. A case study is then presented to illustrate the application of a systematic FMMEA methodology to the analysis of a specific failure in a Schottky diode package.

Evaluation of Ambulatory Care Classification Systems for the Military Health Care System

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Georgoulakis ◽  
Atanacio C. Guillen ◽  
Cherry L. Gaffney ◽  
Sue E. Akins ◽  
David R. Bolling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Military Health Care ◽  
The Military ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Predictors of Veterans Health Administration utilization and pain persistence among soldiers treated for postdeployment chronic pain in the Military Health System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sayko Adams ◽  
Esther L. Meerwijk ◽  
Mary Jo Larson ◽  
Alex H. S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Military Health System ◽  
Military Health ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background Chronic pain presents a significant burden for both federal health care systems designed to serve combat Veterans in the United States (i.e., the Military Health System [MHS] and Veterans Health Administration [VHA]), yet there have been few studies of Veterans with chronic pain that have integrated data from both systems of care. This study examined 1) health care utilization in VHA as an enrollee (i.e., linkage to VHA) after military separation among soldiers with postdeployment chronic pain identified in the MHS, and predictors of linkage, and 2) persistence of chronic pain among those utilizing the VHA. Methods Observational, longitudinal study of soldiers returning from a deployment in support of the Afghanistan/Iraq conflicts in fiscal years 2008–2014. The analytic sample included 138,206 active duty soldiers for whom linkage to VHA was determined through FY2019. A Cox proportional hazards model was estimated to examine the effects of demographic characteristics, military history, and MHS clinical characteristics on time to linkage to VHA after separation from the military. Among the subpopulation of soldiers who linked to VHA, we described whether they met criteria for chronic pain in the VHA and pain management treatments received during the first year in VHA. Results The majority (79%) of soldiers within the chronic pain cohort linked to VHA after military separation. Significant predictors of VHA linkage included: VHA utilization as a non-enrollee prior to military separation, separating for disability, mental health comorbidities, and being non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. Soldiers that separated because of misconduct were less likely to link than other soldiers. Soldiers who received nonpharmacological treatments, opioids/tramadol, or mental health treatment in the MHS linked earlier to VHA than soldiers who did not receive these treatments. Among those who enrolled in VHA, during the first year after linking to the VHA, 49.7% of soldiers met criteria for persistent chronic pain in VHA. Conclusions The vast majority of soldiers identified with chronic pain in the MHS utilized care within VHA after military separation. Careful coordination of pain management approaches across the MHS and VHA is required to optimize care for soldiers with chronic pain.

scholarly journals A Case Study in View of Developing Predictive Models for Water Supply System Management

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Mohamed Eid
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
System Management ◽  
System A ◽  
Operational Failure ◽  
Operational Data

Initiated by a case study to assess the effectiveness of the modernisation actions undertaken in a water supply system, some R&D activities were conducted to construct a global predictive model, based on the available operational failure and recovery data. The available operational data, regarding the water supply system, are the pipes’ diameter, failure modes, materials, functional conditions, seasonality, and the number of failures and time-to-recover intervals. The operational data are provided by the water company responsible of the supply system. A predictive global model is proposed based on the output of the operational data statistical assessment. It should assess the expected effectiveness of decisions taken in support of the modernisation and the extension plan.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Rail Seat Load Distribution and Rail Seat Deterioration in Concrete Crossties

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Greve ◽  
Marcus S. Dersch ◽  
J. Riley Edwards ◽  
Christopher P. L. Barkan ◽  
Jose Mediavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Abrasive Erosion ◽  
Field Experimentation

One of the most common failure modes of concrete crossties in North America is the degradation of the concrete surface at the crosstie rail seat, also known as rail seat deterioration (RSD). Loss of material beneath the rail can lead to wide gauge, rail cant deficiency, and an increased risk of rail rollover. Previous research conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has identified five primary failure mechanisms: abrasion, crushing, freeze-thaw damage, hydro-abrasive erosion, and hydraulic pressure cracking. The magnitude and distribution of load applied to the rail seat affects four of these five mechanisms; therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the rail seat load distribution to effectively address RSD. As part of a larger study funded by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) aimed at improving concrete crossties and fastening systems, researchers at UIUC are attempting to characterize the loading environment at the rail seat using matrix-based tactile surface sensors (MBTSS). This instrumentation technology has been implemented in both laboratory and field experimentation, and has provided valuable insight into the distribution of a single load over consecutive crossties. A review of past research into RSD characteristics and failure mechanisms has been conducted to integrate data from field experimentation with existing knowledge, to further explore the role of the rail seat load distribution on RSD. The knowledge gained from this experimentation will be integrated with associated research conducted at UIUC to form the framework for a mechanistic design approach for concrete crossties and fastening systems.

scholarly journals Physical modelling of failure in composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2071) ◽  
pp. 20150280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Talreja
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Stress Fields ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Composite Failure ◽  
Failure Theories

Structural integrity of composite materials is governed by failure mechanisms that initiate at the scale of the microstructure. The local stress fields evolve with the progression of the failure mechanisms. Within the full span from initiation to criticality of the failure mechanisms, the governing length scales in a fibre-reinforced composite change from the fibre size to the characteristic fibre-architecture sizes, and eventually to a structural size, depending on the composite configuration and structural geometry as well as the imposed loading environment. Thus, a physical modelling of failure in composites must necessarily be of multi-scale nature, although not always with the same hierarchy for each failure mode. With this background, the paper examines the currently available main composite failure theories to assess their ability to capture the essential features of failure. A case is made for an alternative in the form of physical modelling and its skeleton is constructed based on physical observations and systematic analysis of the basic failure modes and associated stress fields and energy balances. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.

Stiction Failure Mechanisms of the Micromachined Electrostatic Comb-Drive Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 850-854
Author(s):  
Yi Shen Xu ◽  
Ji Hua Gu ◽  
Zhi Tao
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Comb Drive ◽  
Interfacial Forces ◽  
Restoring Forces ◽  
Critical Investigation

Stiction is one of the most important and almost unavoidable problems in MEMS, which usually occurs when the restoring forces of the microstructures are unable to overcome the interfacial forces. Stiction could compromise the performance and reliability of the MEMS devices or may even make them malfunction. One of the pivotal process of advancing the performance and reliability of MEMS is to comprehend the failure modes and failure mechanisms of these microdevices. This article provides a critical investigation on the stiction failure mechanisms of the micromachined electrostatic comb-drive structures, which is significant to improve the reliability of microdevices, especially for microfilters, microgrippers, microaccelerometers, microgyroscopes, microrelays, and so on.

The Bus Factor in Conceptual System Design: Protecting a Design Process Against Major Regional and World Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Van Bossuyt ◽  
Ryan M. Arlitt
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation ◽  
Virtual Events

Abstract We introduce a method to help protect against and mitigate possible consequences of major regional and global events that can disrupt a system design and manufacturing process. The method is intended to be used during the conceptual phase of system design when functional models have been developed and component solutions are being chosen. Disruptive events such as plane crashes killing many engineers from one company traveling together, disease outbreaks killing or temporarily disabling many people associated with one industrial sector who travel to the same conference regularly, geopolitical events that impose tariffs or complete cessation of trade with a country that supplies a critical component, and many other similar physical and virtual events can significantly delay or disrupt a system design process. By comparing alternative embodiment, component, and low-level functional solutions, solutions can be identified that better pass the bus factor where no one disruptive event will cause a major delay or disruption to a system design and manufacturing process. We present a simplified case study of a renewable energy generation and storage system intended for residential use to demonstrate the method. While some challenges to immediate adoption by practitioners exist, we believe the method has the potential to significantly improve system design processes so that systems are designed, manufactured, and delivered on schedule and on budget from the perspective of significant disruptive events to design and manufacturing.

Sexually Transmitted Infections in the U.S. Military: A Sexual Health Paradigm to Address Risk Behaviors, Unintended Pregnancy, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherrie B Boyer ◽  
Charlotte A Gaydos ◽  
Amy B Geller ◽  
Eric C Garges ◽  
Sten H Vermund
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Universal Health Care ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Military ◽  
Universal Health

ABSTRACT To address the ongoing epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) conducted a consensus study on STI control and prevention in the United States to provide recommendations to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Association of County and City Health Officials. The culminating report identified military personnel as one of the priority groups that require special consideration given the high prevalence of STIs and their associated behaviors (e.g., concurrent sexual partners and infrequent condom use) that occur during active duty service. Universal health care access, the relative ease and frequency of STI screening, and the educational opportunities within the military are all assets in STI control and prevention. The report offers a comprehensive framework on multiple and interrelated influences on STI risk, prevention, health care access, delivery, and treatment. It also provides an overview of the multilevel risk and protective factors associated with STIs that could be applied using a sexual health paradigm. The military context must integrate the multilevel domains of influences to guide the effort to fill current gaps and research needs. The Department of Defense, with its large clinical and preventive medicine workforce and its well-established universal health care system, is well positioned to enact changes to shift its current approach to STI prevention, treatment, and control. STI control based on highlighting behavioral, social, cultural, and environmental influences on service members’ sexual health and wellness may well drive better STI care and prevention outcomes.

Leadership Perspectives of Stigma-Related Barriers to Mental Health Care in the Military

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette A. Hamilton ◽  
Jennifer A. Coleman ◽  
William J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Leadership Perspectives ◽  
The Military
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