scholarly journals Experience (Mostly Negative) with the Use of Sympathomimetic Agents for Weight Loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Inchiosa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Sympathomimetic Drug ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Sympathomimetic agents have a poor history of long-term success in the treatment of obesity. From earlier experiences with amphetamine and its analogs, to more recent drugs with direct effects on adrenergic receptors or indirect effects from release of catecholamines or inhibition of reuptake, cardiovascular toxicity (strokes and cardiac arrhythmias) has been the major concern. These concerns also extended to food supplements containing ephedra alkaloids and may require consideration for current supplements containing the sympathomimetic drug, synephrine.

scholarly journals Possible Traffic Safety Effects of the Implementation of Section Control in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Zsolt Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Implementation Cost ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Environmental Loads

This article presents the anticipated safety effects of the implantation of section control in Hungary. The proposed results were originated from international studies and the local circumstances. Effects are depending on the control coverage and the magnitude of the sanctions. Direct (short term benefits) and indirect effects (long term benefits) can be identified. Direct effects are the decreasing of accident numbers, while indirect effects are the decrease of other externalities of transport like environmental loads. Based on the results the implementation cost of the enforcement system is measureable with the proposed social cost savings come from the decreasing number of accidents.

scholarly journals Changes in Maternal Weight 5–10 Years after a First Delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Britz ◽  
Kelly C McDermott ◽  
Christopher B Pierce ◽  
Joan L Blomquist ◽  
Victoria L Handa
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Education History ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify maternal, obstetrical and reproductive factors associated with long-term changes in maternal weight after delivery. Materials & methods: Participants were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study of maternal health 5–10 years after childbirth. Data were obtained from obstetrical records and a self-administered questionnaire. Weight at the time of first delivery (5–10 years prior) was obtained retrospectively and each woman's weight at the time of her first delivery was compared with her current weight. Results: Among 948 women, obesity was associated with race, parity, education, history of diabetes and history of cesarean at the time of first delivery. On average, the difference between weight at the time of first delivery and weight 5–10 years later was −11 kg (11 kg weight loss). In a multivariate model, black race and diabetes were associated with significantly less weight loss. Cesarean delivery, parity and breastfeeding were not associated with changes in maternal weight. Conclusion: Black women and those with a history of diabetes may be appropriate targets for interventions that promote a long-term healthy weight after childbirth.

scholarly journals Weight Loss Barriers and Dietary Quality of Intermittent and Continuous Dieters in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10243
Author(s):  
Kristy L. Gray ◽  
Peter M. Clifton ◽  
Jennifer B. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Behavioral Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Weight-loss after gestational diabetes (GDM) lowers the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). Intermittent energy restriction (IER) produces comparable weight-loss to continuous energy restriction (CER), but long-term adherence remains difficult in this population. This exploratory secondary analysis of a 12-month trial comparing IER to CER following GDM examined weight-loss and dietary quality associated with barriers to weight-loss or T2DM risk perception as assessed in a Likert scale questionnaire at baseline. The participants had a median (IQR) BMI of 32.6 (9.4) kg/m2 and 3 (4) years postpartum (n = 121). Forty-five percent (n = 54) of the participants thought they were at a high risk of developing T2DM. Greater affordability of healthy food was related with greater weight-loss at 3 months (p = 0.044, n = 85). At 12 months, there was no significant relationship between weight-loss and the barriers to weight-loss (p > 0.05). CER had superior improvement in dietary quality at 12 months (CER 11 ± 10, IER 6 ± 5.6, n = 42, p = 0.05). Under the Theoretical Domains Framework, the barriers were predominantly related to behavioral regulation (n = 83, 69%; n = 76, 63%) and environmental context and resources (n = 67, 56%). Interventions for diabetes prevention in this population should include behavioral regulation strategies, consider the family home environment, and ensure that the risk of T2DM is conveyed. Women choosing IER may benefit from education to improve their dietary quality.

scholarly journals Bariatric surgery reverses metabolic risk in patients treated in outpatient level

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Epifânio Feitosa da SILVA-NETO ◽  
Cecília Mª Passos VÁZQUEZ ◽  
Fabiana Melo SOARES ◽  
Danielle Góes da SILVA ◽  
Márcia Ferreira Cândido de SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background : The conventional treatment of obesity presents unsatisfactory results on weight loss and its long-term sustainability, therefore bariatric surgery has been suggested as an effective therapy, determining sustainable long-term weight loss, reversal of components of cardiometabolic risk and improved quality and life expectancy. Aim : To investigate the clinical component of the cardiometabolic risk in patients undergoing bariatric surgery assisted on outpatient basis. Methods : The sample consisted of 47 patients with ages between 18 and 60 years, 72% females. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were prospectively evaluated by using the Assessment of Obesity-Related Co-morbidities scale. Results : Occurred improvement in these co-morbidities within 12 months after surgery. Co-morbidities resolved were greater than those improved. Conclusion : The study revealed that the Assessment of Obesity-Related Co-morbidities is a system that can be effectively used to quantify the degree of reduction of the severity of the cardiometabolic risk in response to bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Maintenance of Weight Loss in Adolescents: Current Status and Future Directions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Butryn ◽  
Thomas A. Wadden ◽  
Margaret R. Rukstalis ◽  
Chanelle Bishop-Gilyard ◽  
Melissa S. Xanthopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Adolescent Obesity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Effectiveness Data

There is a dearth of research on the long-term efficacy and safety of treatments for adolescent obesity. This narrative review examined several approaches to treatment, focusing on long-term effectiveness data in adolescents, as well as relevant findings from studies of adults. The available research suggests that lifestyle modification has promise in obese adolescents, although it is not clear that any particular dietary or physical activity approach is more effective than another. Meal replacements are quite effective in adults and deserve further research in adolescents. Extending the length of treatment to teach weight loss maintenance skills is likely to improve long-term outcomes in adolescents, and delivering treatment via the Internet or telephone is a novel way of doing so. Treatment that combines lifestyle modification with the medication orlistat generally appears to be safe but only marginally superior to lifestyle modification alone. More research is needed on the management of adolescent obesity, which has been overlooked when compared with research on the treatment of obesity in children and adults.

scholarly journals Klossiella equiInfection in an Immunosuppressed Horse: Evidence of Long-Term Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lora R. Ballweber ◽  
Deanna Dailey ◽  
Gabriele Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Coccidian Parasite ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Improvement

A 13-year-old quarter horse gelding presented with a history of hematuria of approximately 1-year duration, anemia, weight loss over the previous six months, and bilateral nasal discharge of 2-week duration. It was determined that hematuria was most likely caused by the coccidian parasiteKlossiella equi. Additional case workup suggested a diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Confirmatory testing was declined by the owners and the horse was discharged on medical therapy. Despite initial improvement after discharge, the horse developed unresolving sinusitis approximately 1 year later and was euthanized. Necropsy confirmed the presence of an adenoma of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland, supporting the initial diagnosis. Additional findings included multiple developmental stages ofK. equipresent in the kidneys. This finding demonstrates infections withK. equican be chronic in nature and supports the association of increased severity of klossiellosis and impaired immune function.

scholarly journals Acute Multiple Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVTs) As a Probable Adverse Event of the Use of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) for Weight Loss

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4725-4725
Author(s):  
H. Parikh ◽  
Lisa Thomas ◽  
R. English ◽  
C Raguckas ◽  
Qi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Abstract Obesity is a growing issue in today's society. Worldwide prevalence of obesity is about 37% in men and 38% in women in. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, stress, adverse drugs reactions, life stage (e.g., pregnancy or menopause), sedentary life style, etc. Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, deep venous thrombosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Diet and exercise are primary strategies for losing weight. In addition, Orlistat, Lorcaserin, Qsymia, liposuction, and bariatric surgery are medical modalities to aid in weight loss. Weight loss due to HCG consumption is claimed to redistribute body fat from the hips, thighs, and stomach without unwanted effects such as hunger. A literature search revealed that no studies have examined the safety outcomes of HCG consumption as a weight loss aid. Our case emphasizes the adverse effect of the use of HCG as a dieting modailty. Case Report A 64 years old Caucasian female with history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, obesity and depression presented with progressive left lower extremity swelling for 3 months. She denied a history of DVT, recent surgery, cancer, or family history of thrombophilia. Her social history was negative for tobacco. The patient reported that she had four HCG injections in anticipation of losing weight three months ago. Physical examination: BMI: 35 kg/m2, left calf circumference was 44 cm and right calf circumference was 39 cm. Venous Doppler ultrasound showed acute DVT involving right probably popliteal, right posterior tibial, left common femoral, profunda femoris, proximal femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and peroneal veins. Hypercoagulable test data showed were in normal negative. She was admitted to the hospital and anticoagulation therapy was started with therapeutic enoxaparin at 1mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily and 10mg warfarin orally once daily. When INR data was therapeutic range, enoxaparin was discontinued The patient was discharged from the hospital on warfarin therapy. She was advised to discontinue HCG injections. Discussion & Literature review HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin, is a hormone produced during pregnancy. As a prescription medication, HCG is used mainly to treat fertility issues. HCG injections and oral/sublingual diet drops are advertised to assist with weight loss. However, clinical trials fail to support this claim. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess if there is scientific basis for the use of HCG in the treatment of obesity. This study included review of eight randomized trials and 16 cohort studies evaluation. Simeons diet was defined as a fat-free diet consisting of 500 kcal/day plus HCG, 125 units. Only one study showed an association between the Simeons diet with HCG and weight loss. Twelve studies reported that the weight-loss with the use of HCG was no greater than with the use of a placebo or with the use of a diet only. It was concluded that there is no scientific evidence that HCG is effective in the treatment of obesity; it does not bring about weight loss or fat redistribution, nor does it reduce hunger or induce a feeling of well-being. Previous studies have also been reported side effects with HCG include fatigue, irritability, restlessness, depression, fluid buildup (edema), swelling of the breasts in boys and men (gynecomastia), and thromboembolism. The theorized mechanism of thromboembolism, secondary to HCG use has been associated with the hormone's ability to hyperstimulate the ovaries which can lead to a surge of hormones and vasoactive substances, increase in vascular permeability, and hemoconcentration. These can ultimately predispose to a hypercoagulable state. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Targeting Orexin Neurons for Treatment of Obesity is It Feasible in Human Being-A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kulvinder Kochar Kaur ◽  
◽  
Allahbadia GN ◽  
Singh M ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Cell Changes

Obesity is increasing at epidemic proportions both in children and adults posing a big public health problem among children as well as adults. With parallel increase in comorbidities like type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS) a need arises for developing medical therapies that can maintain long term weight loss. Earlier we have tried to consider multiple options like utilization of drug combinations like Qsymia, Contravene, Liraglutide, thylakoids, probiotics, Combination of glucagon like peptides1 (GLP1) with glucagon etc but nothing has proved to be as efficacious as BS in long term maintenance of weight loss. Earlier we had reviewed the cellular changes related to orexin A and B changes that are isoforms of neuropeptides that get liberated from the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Here we further review the pathophysiology of orexin neurons with regard to their role in neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) via microglial cell changes and role in spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and sleep physiology commonly termed sleep-wake promoting neuropeptides along with role in reward circuitry and how targeting them might be of help in treating obesity. Possibility is that subtle increases in SPA have been found to improve energy expenditure (EE) and that has been utilized in some workplaces where treadmill like chairs are utilized, restless people who keep sitting and standing do burn calories thus promoting carparks at distance places, no elevators have been thought as some ways by which lethargic individuals refuse to follow exercise might get helped by modulating orexin neurons besides correcting sleep problems coexisting with obesity

Short-Term and Long-Term Clinical Evaluation of a Non-Amphetaminic Anorexiant (Mazindol) in the Treatment of Obesity

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Enzi ◽  
A Baritussio ◽  
E Marchiori ◽  
G Crepaldi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Simple Obesity ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

The effectiveness and tolerance of a non-amphetaminic anorexiant drug has been evaluated in a short-term and in a long-term clinical trial in simple obesity and in refractory obesity. In the short-term ‘crossover’ trial, a more evident effectiveness and tolerance result when the anorexiant is given in a late phase of treatment. The association of an anorexiant drug with the hypocaloric diet was seen to be effective in the treatment of so-called refractory obesity. In the evaluation of the long-term treatment it is seen that weight loss is greater and remains so for longer periods in patients receiving anorexiant, as compared to controls. This is related to a better maintenance of a restricted calorie regimen. Mazindol did not affect the improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion which follows the weight reduction.

scholarly journals PUSAT PENANGANAN OBESITAS BERBASIS KARAKTER INDIVIDUAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Chessa Chrysantha ◽  
Alvin Hadiwono
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is one of the world's pandemic problems for which it's cure is still underestimated. With the increasing amount of people with obesity, and the evolving of time, a facility to handle obesity problems according to the behaviour and attitude of present generations is needed. According to the American Psychological Association, a person's behaviour and character could have an influence on their weight. Nowadays, treatment of obesity is mostly about physical treatment only. It causes a patient's treatment to not be effective for long-term weight loss. Because of that, a facility that focuses on both physical and psychological treatment for patients is needed, so that the result can be maximal and lasts longer. The intended facility design prioritize patients psychological condition without putting physical condition aside. The design use Lewis Goldberg’s Five Factor Model mostly for the main programs, especially the personalities that has been verified as a cause of obesity. Each personalities would be translated as treatment rooms. Public facilities was also included in the design process for patient’s interaction and social therapy. Other main goal of the project is to raising people’s concern about obesity and the dangerous effects of it. AbstrakObesitas merupakan salah satu problem pandemik dalam dunia yang pengobatannya masih dipandang sebelah mata. Dengan jumlah penderita yang terus bertambah, dan jaman yang semakin berkembang, untuk itu diperlukan sebuah fasilitas untuk menangani masalah obesitas seiring dengan perilaku dan sikap generasi sekarang. Menurut American Psychological Association, sikap dan karakter seseorang dapat mempengaruhi berat badannya. Saat ini, penanganan obesitas hanya terpaku pada penanganan fisik saja. Hal itu menyebabkan pengobatan yang dilakukan pasien akan menjadi tidak efektif untuk penurunan berat badan jangka panjang. Karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah fasilitas yang memfokuskan kepada pengobatan fisik dan psikologis pasien, sehingga hasil pengobatan dapat menjadi lebih maksimal dan berjangka panjang. Fasilitas penanganan obesitas yang dimaksud berupa perancangan sebuah fasilitas yang memprioritaskan hanya kepada para penderita obesitas dan berfokus kepada psikologis pasien tanpa mengesampingkan kondisi fisik pasien. Rancangan fasilitas ini menggunakan metode pengelompokkan kepribadian manusia menurut Lewis Goldberg, kemudian masing-masing kepribadian yang cocok dengan penyebab meningkatnya jaringan adiposa tubuh akan diterjemahkan menjadi ruang-ruang pengobatan dan kebutuhan pasien. Ruang-ruang publik juga ditambahkan dalam proses desain dengan harapan agar para penderita dan publik dapat berinteraksi sekaligus sebagai salah satu sarana terapi sosial. Dengan adanya pusat pengobatan yang berfokus kepada obesitas, diharapkan tingkat kewaspadaan masyarakat meningkat terhadap bahaya obesitas dan para penderita obesitas tidak merasa tersingkirkan.

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