scholarly journals Diversity in Drought Traits among Commercial Southeastern US Peanut Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mura Jyostna Devi ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Commercial peanut cultivars in the USA are often grown under soil and environmental conditions resulting in intermittent periods of water deficit. Two plant traits have been identified that result in conservative use of water and allow sustained growth during drought: (1) restricted transpiration rate under high atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and (2) earlier closure of stomata in the soil-drying cycle resulting in decreased daily transpiration rate. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was diversity in these two putative traits for drought resistance among nine US commercial peanut cultivars. When the response to VPD was measured at an average temperature of C, eight of the nine cultivars expressed a restricted transpiration rate at high VPD. However, at C none of the cultivars exhibited a restriction of transpiration rate at high VPD. No differences were found among the nine cultivars in their response to soil drying.

Is the Stay-Green Trait in Sorghum a Result of Transpiration Sensitivity to Either Soil Drying or Vapor Pressure Deficit?

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 2129-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Choudhary ◽  
Raymond N. Mutava ◽  
Avat Shekoofa ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Stay Green

scholarly journals Influence of Environment on Airborne Spore Concentrations and Severity of Asparagus Purple Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Granke ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Purple Spot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Environmental conditions, airborne concentrations of Pleospora herbarum ascospores and conidia, and purple spot disease severity on spears and fern were monitored for 3 years in two no-till asparagus fields in Michigan. Purple spot lesion development on spears was correlated with low temperature and vapor pressure deficit and high rainfall. Low vapor pressure deficit and high rainfall were also correlated with airborne ascospore concentrations at both sites. Lesion development on the fern was favored by longer periods of leaf wetness and low vapor pressure deficit and rainfall. Daily airborne conidia concentrations were positively correlated with average temperature and the number of hours of leaf wetness per day and negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit. Airborne conidia concentrations displayed a diurnal periodicity with greater concentrations between 700 and 1300 h. The results of this study indicate that a model to predict purple spot on asparagus spears should include temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and rainfall; a model for disease on the fern should include temperature, leaf wetness, vapor pressure deficit, and rainfall.

scholarly journals Effect of Humidity on the Transpiration of Greenhouse Tomato Crops

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 847B-847
Author(s):  
Maher Trigui ◽  
Laurent Gauthier ◽  
Suzelle Barrington
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Daily Transpiration

Experiments were conducted in four independently controlled greenhouses. The purpose of these experiments was to measure the effect of humidity on transpiration and yields. Four different humidity treatments were evaluated: 1) high night and high day humidity levels (vapor pressure deficits <0.4 kPa), 2) high night and low day humidity levels (VPD >0.8 kPa), 3) high night and low day humidity levels, and 4) variable greenhouse humidity to maintain a set hourly transpiration rate. Transpiration rates were measured in the four greenhouses at 15-min intervals from Nov. 1993 to May 1994. Results show that high humidity reduces the hourly and daily transpiration levels significantly and has an impact on crop yields. Results also show that it is possible to regulate crop transpiration by calculating the transpiration rate for a set of VPD and solar radiation levels.

scholarly journals Role of Species and Planting Configuration on Transpiration and Microclimate for Urban Trees

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Dan Zhao ◽  
Quanhuan Lei ◽  
Yajie Shi ◽  
Mengdi Wang ◽  
Sibo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Urban Microclimate

Research Highlights: To demonstrate the effectiveness of configuration modes and tree types in regulating local microclimate. Background and Objectives: Urban trees play an essential role in reducing the city’s heat load. However, the influence of urban trees with different configurations on the urban thermal environment has not received enough attention. Herein we show how spatial arrangement and foliage longevity, deciduous versus evergreen, affect transpiration and the urban microclimate. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the differences between physiological parameters (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance) and meteorological parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit) of 10 different species of urban trees (five evergreen and five deciduous tree species), each of which had been planted in three configuration modes in a park and the campus green space in Xi’an. By manipulating physiological parameters, crown morphology, and plant configurations, we explored how local urban microclimate could be altered. Results: (1) Microclimate regulation capacity: group planting (GP) > linear planting (LP) > individual planting (IP). (2) Deciduous trees (DT) regulated microclimate better than evergreen trees (ET). Significant differences between all planting configurations during 8 to 16 h were noted for evergreen trees whereas for deciduous trees, all measurement times were significantly different. (3) Transpiration characteristics: GP > LP > IP. The transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of GP were the highest. Total daily transpiration was ranked as group planting of deciduous (DGP) > linear planting of deciduous (DLP) > group planting of evergreen (EGP) > linear planting of evergreen (ELP) > isolated planting of deciduous (DIP) > isolated planting of evergreen (EIP). (4) The microclimate effects of different tree species and configuration modes were positively correlated with E, Gs, and three dimensional green quantity (3DGQ), but weakly correlated with vapor pressure deficit (VpdL). (5) A microclimate regulation capability model of urban trees was developed. E, Gs, and 3DGQ could explain 93% variation of cooling effect, while E, Gs, VpdL, and 3DGQ could explain 85% variation of humidifying effect. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the urban heat island could be mitigated by selecting deciduous broadleaf tree species and planting them in groups.

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