scholarly journals Nuclear Morphology Measurements with Angle-Resolved Low Coherence Interferometry For Application To Cell Biology And Early Cancer Detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wax ◽  
Kevin J. Chalut
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Low Coherence Interferometry

The study of intact, living cells using non-invasive optical spectroscopic methods offers the opportunity to assess cellular structure and organization in a way that is not possible with commonly used cell biology imaging techniques. We have developed a novel spectroscopic technique for diagnosing disease at the cellular level based on using low-coherence interferometry (LCI) to detect the angular distribution of scattered light. Angle-resolved LCI (a/LCI) combines the ability of LCI to isolate scattering from sub-surface tissue layers with the ability of light scattering spectroscopy to obtain structural information on sub-wavelength scales. In application to examining cellular structure, a/LCI enables quantitative measurements of changes in the size and texture of cell nuclei. These quantitative measurements are characteristic of different pathological states. The capabilities of a/LCI were demonstrated using a clinical system that can be applied in endoscopic surveillance of esophageal tissue, producing high sensitivity and specificity for detecting dysplastic tissuesin vivo. Experiments within vitrocell samples also show the utility of a/LCI in observing structural changes due to environmental stimuli as well as detecting apoptosis due to chemotherapeutic agents.

High angle phase modulated low coherence interferometry for path length resolved Doppler measurements of multiply scattered light

2008 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Varghese ◽  
Vinayakrishnan Rajan ◽  
Ton G. Van Leeuwen ◽  
Wiendelt Steenbergen
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Low Coherence Interferometry

scholarly journals Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Critical Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3114
Author(s):  
Wim Ceelen ◽  
Jesse Demuytere ◽  
Ignace de Hingh
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Peritoneal Metastases ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
True Value ◽  
Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Study Results

With increasing awareness amongst physicians and improved radiological imaging techniques, the peritoneal cavity is increasingly recognized as an important metastatic site in various malignancies. Prognosis of these patients is usually poor as traditional treatment including surgical resection or systemic treatment is relatively ineffective. Intraperitoneal delivery of chemotherapeutic agents is thought to be an attractive alternative as this results in high tumor tissue concentrations with limited systemic exposure. The addition of hyperthermia aims to potentiate the anti-tumor effects of chemotherapy, resulting in the concept of heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the treatment of peritoneal metastases as it was developed about 3 decades ago. With increasing experience, HIPEC has become a safe and accepted treatment offered in many centers around the world. However, standardization of the technique has been poor and results from clinical trials have been equivocal. As a result, the true value of HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal metastases remains a matter of debate. The current review aims to provide a critical overview of the theoretical concept and preclinical and clinical study results, to outline areas of persisting uncertainty, and to propose a framework to better define the role of HIPEC in the treatment of peritoneal malignancies.

scholarly journals A graph-based algorithm for detecting rigid domains in protein structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Khanh Linh Dang ◽  
Thach Nguyen ◽  
Michael Habeck ◽  
Mehmet Gültas ◽  
Stephan Waack
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Viterbi Algorithm ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Line Graph ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Structural Transitions ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Conformational Ensembles

Abstract Background Conformational transitions are implicated in the biological function of many proteins. Structural changes in proteins can be described approximately as the relative movement of rigid domains against each other. Despite previous efforts, there is a need to develop new domain segmentation algorithms that are capable of analysing the entire structure database efficiently and do not require the choice of protein-dependent tuning parameters such as the number of rigid domains. Results We develop a graph-based method for detecting rigid domains in proteins. Structural information from multiple conformational states is represented by a graph whose nodes correspond to amino acids. Graph clustering algorithms allow us to reduce the graph and run the Viterbi algorithm on the associated line graph to obtain a segmentation of the input structures into rigid domains. In contrast to many alternative methods, our approach does not require knowledge about the number of rigid domains. Moreover, we identified default values for the algorithmic parameters that are suitable for a large number of conformational ensembles. We test our algorithm on examples from the DynDom database and illustrate our method on various challenging systems whose structural transitions have been studied extensively. Conclusions The results strongly suggest that our graph-based algorithm forms a novel framework to characterize structural transitions in proteins via detecting their rigid domains. The web server is available at http://azifi.tz.agrar.uni-goettingen.de/webservice/.

scholarly journals Imaging of Joint and Soft Tissue Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Matteo ◽  
Gianluca Smerilli ◽  
Edoardo Cipolletta ◽  
Fausto Salaffi ◽  
Rossella De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Muscle Involvement

Abstract Purpose of Review To highlight the potential uses and applications of imaging in the assessment of the most common and relevant musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent Findings Ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are accurate and sensitive in the assessment of inflammation and structural damage at the joint and soft tissue structures in patients with SLE. The US is particularly helpful for the detection of joint and/or tendon inflammation in patients with arthralgia but without clinical synovitis, and for the early identification of bone erosions. MRI plays a key role in the early diagnosis of osteonecrosis and in the assessment of muscle involvement (i.e., myositis and myopathy). Conventional radiography (CR) remains the traditional gold standard for the evaluation of structural damage in patients with joint involvement, and for the study of bone pathology. The diagnostic value of CR is affected by the poor sensitivity in demonstrating early structural changes at joint and soft tissue level. Computed tomography allows a detailed evaluation of bone damage. However, the inability to distinguish different soft tissues and the need for ionizing radiation limit its use to selected clinical circumstances. Nuclear imaging techniques are valuable resources in patients with suspected bone infection (i.e., osteomyelitis), especially when MRI is contraindicated. Finally, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry represents the imaging mainstay for the assessment and monitoring of bone status in patients with or at-risk of osteoporosis. Summary Imaging provides relevant and valuable information in the assessment of MSK involvement in SLE.

Fringe-Distortion-Correction for Polarized Low-Coherence Interferometry With Phosphor-Based LED

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 3557-3562
Author(s):  
Rundong Wang ◽  
Shuang Wang ◽  
Junfeng Jiang ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distortion Correction ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Low Coherence Interferometry

Light source for low-coherence interferometry surface diagnostics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Buchta ◽  
Bretislav Mikel ◽  
Simon Rerucha ◽  
Josef Lazar ◽  
Ondrej Cip
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Low Coherence ◽  
Low Coherence Interferometry ◽  
Surface Diagnostics

Quantitative measurements of structural changes associated with photo-darkening in a-As2S3 films

1987 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 1119-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Yang ◽  
J.M. Lee ◽  
M.A. Paesler ◽  
D.E. Sayers
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Quantitative Measurements

Chitosan nanofibrous materials for chemical and biological protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 251522111878837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Biswa Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Carbon Sphere ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Sulphur Mustard ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Made In

Chitosan derivatives are difficult to electrospun because they have poor flexibility of their polyelectrolyte chains. Based on extensive trails, we have successfully electrospun chitosan polymer and, subsequently, coated on non-woven polypropylene utilizing Nanospider technology. This experimentally developed nanofibrous webs of various densities were coated on non-woven fabric and, subsequently, stitched with activated carbon sphere (ACS) adhered composite fabric. Biological filtration and chemical protection were evaluated and the optimized density offering the highest value with meeting specified comfort was assessed. Results showed that optimized web morphology of 0.43 g m−2 is the best for integration with nuclear, biological and chemical absorbent layer of low ACS add-on in all aspects of comfort and protective behaviours. This will be meeting stringent defence protective requirements and lowering down the weight of suit by approximately 25%. An attempt has also been made in this research to protect from sulphur mustard chemical warfare agent by using both theories: (a) barrier techniques and (b) disintegrating the trapped molecules via functionalization of the web. Result shows that first molecules get trapped by in web layer (barrier effect) and subsequently destroyed by hydrolysis mechanism. Scanning microscopic image shows web is acting as barrier layer by trapping sulphur mustard particles. Optimized web of 0.43 g m−2 was functionalized with zinc (Zn) oxide and the presence of Zn particles was confirmed by imaging techniques. Crystalline and thermal analysis depicts that structural changes were found in sulphur mustard spotted functionalized web. Raman spectra show chemically disintegrated hydrolysed products of sulphur mustard. Bacterial filtration efficiency, antimicrobial and comfort properties were measured for assessing the introduction of nanowebs for biological protection and chemical protection in newly created multilayered fabric structure with low ACS add-on (180 g m−2). The initial encouraging outcome of this research expects whether the multilayered fabric could be introduced in the suit.

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