scholarly journals Effects of Biosolids at Varying Rates on Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and Springtails (Folsomia candida)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Artuso ◽  
T. F. Kennedy ◽  
J. Connery ◽  
J. Grant ◽  
O. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Future Work

Land spreading is a major option internationally for the disposal/use of treated sewage sludge (biosolids), but effects of this practice on soil organisms are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of biosolids on two soil invertebrate species, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and Collembola (Folsomia candida), in laboratory tests. Five biosolids from different sewage works were assessed at rates equivalent to 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 t ha−1. Biosolids applied at 2 and 5 t ha−1did not cause mortality of adult earthworms but did at 10 and 20 t ha−1. At 5, 10 and 20 t ha−1, all biosolids had significantly fewer juvenile worms relative to controls. Increasing the rates from 2 to 10 t ha−1did not impact on the number of adult Collembola, but at 20 t ha−1there were significantly fewer adults. There were significantly fewer juvenile Collembola recorded for biosolids applied at the 2 t ha−1when compared with controls, and also when biosolids were applied at 5, 10, and 20 t ha−1relative to 2 t ha−1. Some significant difference between biosolids were observed, but generally, negative effects were not related to heavy metal concentrations in biosolids. It is recommended that possible detrimental mechanisms (e.g., ammonia production, lack of oxygen) be investigated in future work. It is concluded that biosolids, applied at legal, low rates (about 2 t ha−1) are unlikely to be detrimental to earthworms or adult Collembola but can be detrimental to Collembola reproduction.

scholarly journals Effects of Amorphous Silica Nanopowders on the Avoidance Behavior of Five Soil Species—A Screening Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Santos ◽  
Ângela Barreto ◽  
João Nogueira ◽  
Ana Luísa Daniel-da-Silva ◽  
Tito Trindade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Screening Study

Silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are one of the most used in commercial products and biomedical tools, however, their environmental effects have not been fully described. Although negative effects of SiO2NPs on the behavior of freshwater invertebrates have been reported, the knowledge is limited, especially the effect of nanopowders in terrestrial organisms. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to understand the effects of SiO2NPs on the avoidance behavior of five soil species, whose niche may differ thus contributing to differential harmful SiO2NPs effects. Hence, avoidance assays testing SiO2NPs concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg were performed with Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, Tenebrio molitor, Porcellionides pruinosus and Eisenia fetida. SiO2NPs induced different behavioral effects, depending on the invertebrate ecology/habitat, exposure route and physiology. T. molitor, P. pruinosus and F. candida did not avoid contaminated soil; however, E. crypticus and E. fetida significantly avoided SiO2NPs spiked soil. Since these terrestrial worms (oligochaetes) live mostly burrowed in the soil, this can provide greater opportunity for SiO2NPs’ uptake. On the other hand, the other tested organisms mainly living on the upper part of the soil did not avoid the SiO2NPs spiked soil. The avoidance data obtained here also highlight the need for further studies to understand whether (or not) the detected behavioral responses are linked to either neurotransmission processes or sensorial aspects of the biological models.

scholarly journals HERBICIDE GLYPHOSATE IMPACT TO EARTHWORM (E. FETIDA) / HERBICIDO GLIFOSATO POVEIKIO KOMPOSTINIAM SLIEKUI (E. FETIDA L.) TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Dajoraitė ◽  
Jūratė Žaltauskaitė ◽  
Aušra Zigmontienė
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Glyphosate is a broad spectrum weed resistant herbicide. Glyphosate may pose negative impact on land ecosystems because of wide broad usage and hydrofilic characteristic. The aim of this study was to investigate negative effects of glyphosate on soil invertebrate organisms (earthworm Eisenia fetida). The duration of experiment was 8 weeks. The range of the test concentrations of glyphosate were: 0,1, 1, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg. To investigate the glyphosate impact on earthworm Eisenia fetida the following endpoints were measured: survival, reproduction and weight. The exposure to 20 mg/kg glyphosate has led to the 100% mortality of earthworms. Glyphosate has led to decreased E. fetida reproduction, the cocoons were observed only in the lowest concentration (0,1 mg/kg). In general: long-term glyphosate toxicity to earthworms (E. fetida) may be significant. Glifosatas yra herbicidas, plačiai naudojamas piktžolėms naikinti. Dėl masinio ir netinkamo naudojimo bei didelio tirpumo vandenyje glifosatas turi įtakos sausumos ekosistemoms. Eksperimento tikslas – įvertinti skirtingų glifosato koncentracijų poveikį žieduotosioms kirmėlėms (kompostiniam sliekui Eisenia fetida L.). Tyrimas buvo vykdomas 8 savaites. Eksperimento metu buvo naudotos 0,1, 1, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg glifosato koncentracijos dirvožemyje. Glifosato poveikio kompostiniams sliekams E. Fetida įvertinti buvo tirti augimo, mirtingumo ir reprodukcijos rodikliai. Eksperimento metu nustatyta, jog didelės glifosato koncentracijos letaliai veikė kompostinį slieką. Esant didžiausiai 20 mg/kg koncentracijai, sliekų mirtingumas jau pirmąją savaitę buvo 100 %. Didėjanti glifosato koncentracija mažino kompostinio slieko E. fetida svorio prieaugius bei neigiamai veikė sliekų reprodukciją, kokonai užfiksuoti tik esant mažiausiai koncentracijai. Eksperimento pabaigoje nustatyta tendencija – kuo ilgesnis glifosato ekspozicijos laikas, tuo didesnė žala daroma dirvožemio bestuburiams (Eisenia fetida).

INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Yakubson ◽  
Victor Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Future Work

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections

scholarly journals Nanotubular Oxide Layer Formed on Helix Surfaces of Dental Screw Implants

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Jażdżewska ◽  
Michał Bartmański
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Helix Surfaces ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Oxidation Parameters

Surface modification is used to extend the life of implants. To increase the corrosion resistance and improve the biocompatibility of metal implant materials, oxidation of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr titanium alloy was used. The samples used for the research had the shape of a helix with a metric thread, with their geometry imitating a dental implant. The oxide layer was produced by a standard electrochemical method in an environment of 1M H3PO4 + 0.3% HF for 20 min, at a constant voltage of 30 V. The oxidized samples were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Nanotubular oxide layers with internal diameters of 30–80 nm were found. An analysis of the surface topography was performed using an optical microscope, and the Sa parameter was determined for the top of the helix and for the bottom, where a significant difference in value was observed. The presence of the modification layer, visible at the bottom of the helix, was confirmed by analyzing the sample cross-sections using computed tomography. Corrosion tests performed in the artificial saliva solution demonstrated higher corrosion current and less noble corrosion potential due to incomplete surface coverage and pitting. Necessary improved oxidation parameters will be applied in future work.

Spatial features of a penitentiary unit in the context of stress experienced by Prison Service staff

2021 ◽  
Vol III (III) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Sławomir Grzesiak ◽  
Jarosław Rychlik ◽  
Agnieszka Nowogrodzka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Experience ◽  
Prison Community

Prison as the place of work of the Prison Service staff is a specific workplace due to both the nature of the prison community as well as the infrastructural and architectural solutions deployed to protect prison officers. Considering the spatial features of a penitentiary unit and their role in the due performance of Prison Service tasks, it seems quite relevant to seek an answer to the question: How does the physical space of a prison contribute to the stress experienced by prison officers? The issue in question is rooted in M. Mendel’s concept of pedagogy of place, symbolic interactionism and S. Hobfoll’s conservation of resources theory. Inquiry into a research problem of this kind seems reasonable taking into account the infrastructural and spatial aspects of the surroundings that can be potential stress drivers. In April 2021, a group of 58 prison officers were surveyed based on the Stress Perception Questionnaire and the author’s questionnaire. Relationships between the variables have been established through the use of correlation, significant difference test and variance analysis. The results revealed that the essential spatial characteristics of a penitentiary unit associated with the perception of stress by Prison Service staff are those features that relate to the penitentiary unit’s functional aspects covering the specific technical and protective safeguards. These results formed a premise for designating higher-risk staff groups, with regard to which preventive programmes aimed at counteracting the negative effects of stress experience should be considered

The effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedure for alleviation of vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran country

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Saadatnia ◽  
Azita Tiznobaik ◽  
Amir Saber
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Objectives Nausea and vomiting have psychological negative effects on some pregnant women during gestation. Different strategies have been used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, such as acupressure and psychological interventions. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of psychological counseling and acupressure based on couple therapy procedures on vomiting and nausea in pregnant women in Iran. Methods Two hundred and eight women were divided into four groups (n=52): 1) they did not any intervention (control group), 2) they received the psychological intervention, 3) they received acupressure intervention, and 4) they received a combination of psychological + acupressure interventions. To investigate the effects of interventions on nausea and vomiting, the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting and retching were used. The counseling period has lasted for 4 weeks. The pressure intervention on the site was conducted in clockwise form for 1 min and anticlockwise form for another 1 min. Results Groups did not have a significant difference for abortion and income (p>0.05). The effects of counseling, and acupressure interventions on severity and period of vomiting and nausea were not significant (p>0.05), but the intervention based on counseling and acupressure decreased severity of vomiting and nausea (p<0.05). Conclusions The intervention based on counseling and acupressure could not reduce nausea and vomiting during the gestation, but the intervention based on a combination of both decreased nausea and vomiting. It can be suggested to apply an intervention based on a combination of counseling and acupressure in short-time period for decreasing nausea and vomiting in women during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Shadow economy and public debt sustainability in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (173) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yereli Burçin ◽  
Erdem Seçilmiş ◽  
Alparslan Başaran
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sustainability Of Public Debt ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the shadow economy and public debt in Turkey. We elaborate on the questions regarding the negative effects of shadow economy on the sustainability of public debt observing the estimates about the size of shadow economy in Turkey. In the light of some scholars? estimates, we re-evaluate the macroeconomic situation of Turkey. At the core of the study, we discuss how the government borrowing policies would differ if the shadow economy was included into the legal system. In order to examine the effects of shadow economy on sustainability, we use various sustainability indicators. There is a significant difference observed between the calculations which take into account the volume of shadow economy as a share of economic system and those that exclude shadow economy as an exogenous variable. .

scholarly journals Gender Differences And Psychological Impacts In Higher Education During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Iswadi Iswadi ◽  
Apriyanto Apriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Difference

<p><em>E-learning during covid-19 pandemic gives positive and negative effects on students’ psychology. One of the effects of E-Learning is students whose negative and positive perception towards the process of E-Learning. The objectives of the study are to know (1)  The difference perception between male and female EFL post-graduate students of the use of online learning platforms? (2). Impacts psychologically of E-learning during Covid-19 to female and male EFL students in higher education. The method of the study is mixed research with the explanatory sequential design. The participants were 31 EFL postgraduate students in PGRI Indraprasta University. The data collection technique of the study was questionnaires with a Likert scale and an open interview. The data analysis technique of the study is an independent sample t-test with SPSS 22.0 version and collection, reduction, display, and conclusion. The results of the study are: (1) There is no significant difference perception between male and female EFL postgraduate students of the use of online learning platform because the significance value (0.695) which is bigger than 0.05. (2)  E-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic did not  give anxiety, fear, fatigue, and saturation to female and male EFL students in higher education. Implication of this research is University must develop LMS (Learning Management System) for teaching EFL students</em></p>

scholarly journals Mitigating Potentials of Antioxidant-Rich Plants in Earthworms Exposed to Glyphosate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac O Ayanda ◽  
Tolulope O. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Significant Mortality

Abstract Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that has adverse effects on non-target organisms. This present study investigated the toxic effects of glyphosate on earthworms and the potential of antioxidant-rich plants, Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis remediate these effects. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were placed into four groups and treated with concentrations of 1, 2 and 3% glyphosate in soil. The last group was a control group. The worms were collected on the 3rd, 7th and 14th, days post-exposure. During these intervals, the weight of the worms and activities of antioxidant enzyme - superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to determine the level of antioxidant responses. Furthermore, the percentage of DNA fragmentation was measured to assess the level of DNA damage. Compared with the control group, earthworms exposed to glyphosate and fed with Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis showed varying responses, with increased activities of CAT, SOD, GSH and reduced levels of MDA. Also, decreased fragmented DNA was observed in earthworm groups fed with Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis in comparison with the group treated exclusively with the herbicide. These results suggest that toxicity from glyphosate exposure significantly reduced oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in Eisenia fetida by the antioxidant-rich plants. It is conceivable that soil organisms could suffer a significant mortality when exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate. The cultivation of these plants should be encouraged while caution should be exercised in the use of the herbicides.

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