scholarly journals Year 7 Pupils' Views of the Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ken Roberts ◽  
Graeme Atherton ◽  
Richard Remedios
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
Educational Aims ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

This paper reports findings from a study among 610 Year 7 (typically age 12) pupils at 27 nonselective secondary schools in three English regions: Cornwall and Devon, London, and Greater Manchester. Data was gathered in workshops, each with 15–25 pupils, who completed questionnaires and performed individual tasks, all related to their vocational and educational aims, their ideas on what counted as success, and the main influences on their forward thinking, then discussed their answers and results. The discussions were tape recorded. Most pupils expressed robust occupational aims, and most said that they wanted to go to university. Family class did not predict levels of educational or occupational aims, but was related to the importance attached to “the job that I want to do” in the pupils' forward thinking. SAT scores did predict levels of occupational aspiration, ideas on what counted as success, and by whom and what the pupils were most influenced. These findings are interpreted to challenge the view, on which a raft of current policies are based, that social class disparities in educational and labour market outcomes are due to the intergenerational transmission of low aspirations in lower-class families and neighbourhoods. The paper concludes with an alternative model of status transmission processes in which attainments during secondary education are posited as the key intervening variable.

scholarly journals Social Class Inequalities in Graduates’ Labour Market Outcomes: The Role of Spatial Job Opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Duta ◽  
Cristina Iannelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Occupational Outcomes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

This paper provides new important evidence on the spatial dimension of social class inequalities in graduates’ labour market outcomes, an aspect largely overlooked within the existing literature. Using data from the HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Early and Longitudinal Survey (DLHE) for the 2008/09 graduate cohort and applying multilevel logistic regression models, we investigate whether and the extent to which social class inequalities in graduates’ occupational outcomes vary depending on the job opportunities in the geographical area where they find employment. By examining different macro-level indicators, we find wider social inequalities by parental social class in areas with fewer opportunities in high professional and managerial occupations and smaller inequalities in areas with more opportunities. Interestingly, this pattern applies only to graduates who moved away from their place of origin. We interpret this finding as the result of selective migration, that is, areas with more opportunities attract the better-qualified graduates irrespective of their social origin. Finally, graduates’ HE experiences—in particular, their field of study—and sector of employment explain most of the social class gap in areas with fewer job opportunities.

Does tracking really affect labour-market outcomes in the long run? Estimating the long-term effects of secondary-school tracking in West Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Traini ◽  
Corinna Kleinert ◽  
Steffen Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Path Dependencies ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

This article aims to estimate to what extent track attendance in secondary education in Germany affects labour-market outcomes for individuals with similar starting conditions. We argue that track attendance creates path dependencies that lead to different positions in the occupational structure. We also investigate whether such effects vanish when we control for final educational attainment and whether they are moderated by social origin. We pooled the German Life History Study (GLHS 1964 and 1971) with the Adult Cohort of the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS-SC6), analysing the educational and employment histories for the cohorts born between 1964 and 1986 in West Germany. We condition on observables employing Covariate Balancing Propensity Score matching (CBPS). Since in both data sets information on pre-tracking ability is missing, we apply a method to approximate controlling for selection into school tracks, which makes use of GPA information at the end of first secondary schooling. Our results show that, on average, marginal students who were exposed to a lower track have lower International Socio-Economic Index (ISEI) scores and are less likely to enter the service class. As expected, when we condition on final educational attainment, the statistically significant differences disappear. We do not find complete support of moderation effects by social backgrounds as the evidence for compensatory advantage of students from privileged class background is confined to those in the lowest school track. We conclude that our data provide supports for path dependencies of track exposure.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>This article investigates to what extent track attendance in secondary education in Germany affects occupational attainment.</li><br /><li>We pooled two longitudinal data sources (GLHS & NEPS- SC6) and suggest two alternative methods to approximate controlling for selection into school tracks.</li><br /><li>Results show no disadvantages for students who graduated from a lower track.</li></ul>

Exploring gender digital divide and its effect on women's labour market outcomes in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oluwaseun Omotoso ◽  
Jimi Adesina ◽  
Ololade G. Adewole
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Technology plays a significant role in bridging gender gap in labour market outcomes. This paper investigates gender differential in broadband Internet usage and its effects on women‘s labour market participation. Employing an instrumental variable approach, findings suggest that exogenously determined high-speed broadband internet usage leads to increases of about 14.1 and 10.6 percentage points in labour market participation for single women and married women with some level of education, respectively. Moreover, further analyses suggest that married women are generally less likely to use the Internet to search for job opportunities and this could partly explains their low labour market participation rate. The findings suggest that more policy effort is required to bridge gender differentials in digital technologies and employment opportunities in South Africa.

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