scholarly journals The Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Reducing the Risk of Vascular Diseases, Neurogenerative Disorders, and Cancer

Cholesterol ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donovan McGrowder ◽  
Cliff Riley ◽  
Errol Y. St. A. Morrison ◽  
Lorenzo Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the major carriers of cholesterol in the blood. It attracts particular attention because, in contrast with other lipoproteins, as many physiological functions of HDL influence the cardiovascular system in favourable ways unless HDL is modified pathologically. The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from cardiovascular disease. Atheroprotective activities, as well as a functional deficiency of HDL, ultimately depend on the protein and lipid composition of HDL. Further, numerous epidemiological studies have shown a protective association between HDL-cholesterol and cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be the mediator of the pathologic effects of numerous risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. Lifestyle interventions proven to increase HDL- cholesterol levels including “healthy” diet, regular exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation have also been shown to provide neuro-protective effects. This review will focus on current knowledge of the beneficial effects of HDL-cholesterol as it relates to cardiovascular diseases, breast and lung cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as its neuroprotective potential in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

Abstract 1047: Infusion of Reconstituted High Density Lipoproteins Into Humans Enhances the In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of the High Density Lipoprotein Fraction.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Patel ◽  
Brian Drew ◽  
Stephen Duffy ◽  
Shirley Nahkla ◽  
Kerry-Anne Rye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Human Coronary Artery ◽  
Cellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Intravenous infusions of reconstituted high density lipoproteins (rHDL) have been shown to promote regression of coronary atheroma. Here we investigate the effects of rHDL infusion on the anti-inflammatory capacity of the isolated HDL fraction. Methods: Eight fasting Type 2 Diabetics (mean age 52 ± 2 years) received IV saline or apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)/phosphatidylcholine complexes (rHDL) at an apoA-I dose of 80mg/kg, on separate occasions in random order. The HDL fraction was isolated from subjects at baseline, 4 & 72hrs after infusion and assayed for chemical composition. The anti-inflammatory capacity of HDL preparations was assessed by incubation for 16hrs with human coronary artery endothelial cells. Cell expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) 5 hrs after TNF-α stimulation was quantitated by flow cytometry. Results : Saline infusion had no effect on concentration or anti-inflammatory capacity of isolated HDL. rHDL infusion increased the concentration of HDL apoA-I (at baseline, 4h & 72h, [apoA-I] = 966 ± 105, 2562 ± 330 & 1701 ± 180 (ug/mL) respectively), as well as HDL cholesterol and HDL phospholipids. The addition of equivalent volumes of HDL (100uL) isolated at each time point inhibited VCAM-1 (Panel A) and ICAM-1 (Panel B) expression in proportion to the apoA-I concentration of the isolated HDL (p<0.01 ANOVA across time points for both VCAM-1/ICAM-1 expression and apoA-I concentration) (see figure ). Conclusions: Infusion of rHDL in humans increases the concentration of HDL apoA-I. The anti-inflammatory capacity of isolated HDL is enhanced in proportion to its apoA-I concentration.

scholarly journals Vasoprotective Functions of High-Density Lipoproteins Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease Are Partially Conserved in Apolipoprotein B-Depleted Plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Button ◽  
Megan Gilmour ◽  
Harleen Cheema ◽  
Emma Martin ◽  
Andrew Agbay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known to have vasoprotective functions in peripheral arteries and many of these functions extend to brain-derived endothelial cells. Importantly, several novel brain-relevant HDL functions have been discovered using brain endothelial cells and in 3D bioengineered human arteries. The cerebrovascular benefits of HDL in healthy humans may partly explain epidemiological evidence suggesting a protective association of circulating HDL levels against Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) risk. As several methods exist to prepare HDL from plasma, here we compared cerebrovascular functions relevant to AD using HDL isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation relative to apoB-depleted plasma prepared by polyethylene-glycol precipitation, a common high-throughput method to evaluate HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in clinical biospecimens. We found that apoB-depleted plasma was functionally equivalent to HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation in terms of its ability to reduce vascular Aβ accumulation, suppress TNFα-induced vascular inflammation and delay Aβ fibrillization. However, only HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation was able to suppress Aβ-induced vascular inflammation, improve Aβ clearance, and induce endothelial nitric oxide production.

High-density lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Tabet ◽  
Kerry-Anne Rye
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Plasma levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol are strongly and inversely correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Both clinical and epidemiological studies have reported an inverse and independent association between serum HDL-cholesterol levels and CHD (coronary heart disease) risk. The cardioprotective effects of HDLs have been attributed to several mechanisms, including their involvement in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. HDLs also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties and promote endothelial repair, all of which are likely to contribute to their ability to prevent CHD. The first part of this review summarizes what is known about the origins and metabolism of HDL. We then focus on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of HDL and discuss why these characteristics are cardioprotective.

scholarly journals High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Adorni ◽  
Nicoletta Ronda ◽  
Franco Bernini ◽  
Francesca Zimetti
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoproteins and the Kidney

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Arianna Strazzella ◽  
Alice Ossoli ◽  
Laura Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lcat Deficiency ◽  
Progression Of Renal Disease ◽  
The Impact

Dyslipidemia is a typical trait of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is typically characterized by reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol(c) levels. The low HDL-c concentration is the only lipid alteration associated with the progression of renal disease in mild-to-moderate CKD patients. Plasma HDL levels are not only reduced but also characterized by alterations in composition and structure, which are responsible for the loss of atheroprotective functions, like the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties. The interconnection between HDL and renal function is confirmed by the fact that genetic HDL defects can lead to kidney disease; in fact, mutations in apoA-I, apoE, apoL, and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) are associated with the development of renal damage. Genetic LCAT deficiency is the most emblematic case and represents a unique tool to evaluate the impact of alterations in the HDL system on the progression of renal disease. Lipid abnormalities detected in LCAT-deficient carriers mirror the ones observed in CKD patients, which indeed present an acquired LCAT deficiency. In this context, circulating LCAT levels predict CKD progression in individuals at early stages of renal dysfunction and in the general population. This review summarizes the main alterations of HDL in CKD, focusing on the latest update of acquired and genetic LCAT defects associated with the progression of renal disease.

Oxidized plasma high-density lipoprotein is decreased in Alzheimer's disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1542-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Bergt ◽  
Takanari Nakano ◽  
Jochen Ditterich ◽  
Charles DeCarli ◽  
Jason P. Eiserich
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plasma High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma High Density

scholarly journals Effects of Myeloperoxidase-Induced Oxidation on Antiatherogenic Functions of High-Density Lipoprotein

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kameda ◽  
Ryunosuke Ohkawa ◽  
Kouji Yano ◽  
Yoko Usami ◽  
Akari Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Monocyte Migration ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has protective effects against the development of atherosclerosis; these effects include reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidant ability, and anti-inflammation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions generates tyrosyl radicals in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) molecules, inducing the formation of apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimers through the tyrosine-tyrosine bond in HDL. Functional characterization of HDL oxidized by MPO could provide useful information about the significance of apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimers measurement. We investigated the effects of MPO-induced oxidation on the antiatherogenic functions of HDL as described above. The antioxidant ability of HDL, estimated as the effect on LDL oxidation induced by copper sulfate, was not significantly affected after MPO oxidation. HDL reduced THP-1 monocyte migration by suppressing the stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MPO-oxidized HDL also showed inhibition of THP-1 chemotaxis, but the extent of inhibition was significantly attenuated compared to intact HDL. MPO treatment did not affect the cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL from [3H]-cholesterol-laden macrophages derived from THP-1 cells. The principal effect of MPO oxidation on the antiatherogenic potential of HDL would be the reduction of anti-inflammatory ability, suggesting that measurement of apoA-I/apoA-II heterodimers might be useful to estimate anti-inflammatory ability of HDL.

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