scholarly journals Relationship between Anti-European Brown Hare Syndrome Serological Titers and Brown Hare (Lepus europaeusPallas) Densities

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisella Paci ◽  
Antonio Lavazza ◽  
Marco Ferretti ◽  
Francesco Santilli ◽  
Marco Bagliacca
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Levels

Thirty-three protected wild game reproduction areas, located in the province of Florence (Central Italy), were monitored for habitat characteristics and hare census over a period of 2 years. A total of 172 hares was captured, checked for sex, and age, and blood samples were taken. Serum samples were analyzed by competitive ELISA test for detection and titration of anti-European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) antibodies. Results showed that EBHSV seropositive hares from areas with high and medium population densities had higher antibody titers than those coming from low-density areas and that adults showed lower values than young animals. Anti-EBHSV antibody levels were inversely related to the distances between protected areas and private hunting areas while a high density of protected areas was not associated with any similarity in the values or prevalence of EBHSV.

The genetic analysis of new Polish strains of European brown hare syndrome virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-355
Author(s):  
E. Kwit ◽  
M. Chrobocińska ◽  
Z. Grądzki ◽  
Ł. Jarosz ◽  
B. Majer-Dziedzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Provinces Of Poland ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome ◽  
Hare Population

Abstract In this paper we describe recently occurring outbreaks of European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) in a captive hare population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the phylogenetic position of detected Polish strains compared to other European strains of EBHSV. Investigations were undertaken in hares from different provinces of Poland. Liver or spleen samples were tested for viral RNA using the RT-nested PCR method and the products were subsequently sequenced. The genetic analysis was based on the fragment of gene encoding viral capsid protein; it revealed a high homology and close relationship between Polish and European EBHSV strains isolated between 2001 and 2011

Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Hepatic Lesions Associated with European Brown Hare Syndrome

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gavier-Widén
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Coagulation Necrosis ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Living Adult

Liver lesions were studied in 40 free-living adult European brown hares ( Lepus europaeus) and varying hares ( Lepus timidus) of both sexes that had died in Sweden with the viral infection European brown hare syndrome (EBHS). The lesions were characterized by their histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic findings. Periportal to massive coagulation necrosis was a distinctive feature of EBHS. Lytic necrosis, inflammation, fatty degeneration, and cholangitis occurred variably. Accumulation of basophilic granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes was commonly observed; these lesions corresponded ultrastructurally to mitochondrial calcification. Viral antigen was revealed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of hepatocytes and in the cytoplasm of macrophages.

scholarly journals NEW VARIANTS OF EUROPEAN BROWN HARE SYNDROME VIRUS STRAINS IN FREE-RANGING EUROPEAN BROWN HARES (LEPUS EUROPAEUS) FROM SLOVAKIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Frölich ◽  
Jörns Fickel ◽  
Arne Ludwig ◽  
Dietmar Lieckfeldt ◽  
Wolf Jürgen Streich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Virus Strains

Hare demography, physiology and European Brown Hare Syndrome virus infection: is there an association?

2015 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sokos ◽  
A. Touloudi ◽  
C. Iakovakis ◽  
K. Papaspyropoulos ◽  
A. Giannakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus Strains from Poland (1992–2004)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Andrzej Fitzner ◽  
Ewa Kwit ◽  
Wiesław Niedbalski ◽  
Ewelina Bigoraj ◽  
Andrzej Kęsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Vp60 Gene ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome ◽  
Virus Strains

European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) is lethal to several species of free-living hares worldwide. The genetic characterization of its virus (EBHSV) strains in European circulation and epidemiological knowledge of EBHSV infections is not yet complete. The study determined the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of EBHSV strains from Poland and analyzed their genetic and phylogenetic relationships to a group of hare lagoviruses. The genome of five virus strains detected in Poland between 1992 and 2004 was obtained by RT-PCR and sequencing of the obtained amplicons. The genetic relationships of the EBHSV strains were analyzed using the full genome and VP60 gene sequences. Additionally, the amino acid sequence of the VP60 gene was analyzed to identify mutations specific to recognized EBHSV subgroups. Partial amplification of the virus open reading frame (ORF)1 and ORF2 regions obtained nearly complete nucleotide genome sequences of the EBHSV strains. Phylogenetic analysis placed them in a GII.1 cluster with other European strains related to nonpathogenic hare caliciviruses. VP60 gene analysis allocated these EBHSV strains to the G1.2, G2.2–2.3 or G3 virus genetic groups. The amino acid sequence differences in the entire genome ranged from 1.1 to 2.6%. Compared to a reference French EBHSV-GD strain, 22 variable amino acid sites were identified in the VP60 region of the Polish strains, but only six were in VP10. Single amino acid changes appeared in different sequence positions among Polish and other European virus strains from different genetic groups, as well as in VP10 sequences of nonpathogenic hare caliciviruses. The results of the study showed a high genetic homogeneity of EBHSV strains from Poland despite their different location occurrence and initial detection times. These strains are also phylogenetically closely related to other EBHSV strains circulating in Europe, likely confirming the slow evolutionary dynamics of this lagovirus species.

scholarly journals Pertussis over two decades: seroepidemiological study in a large population of the Siena Province, Tuscany Region, Central Italy

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e032987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Marchi ◽  
Emanuele Montomoli ◽  
Edmond J Remarque ◽  
Geraldo Tadinho Monteverde Spencer ◽  
Angela Azzarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Antibody Levels

ObjectivesTo evaluate seroprevalence againstBordetellapertussisin Tuscany, a large Italian region, from 1992 to 2005 and from 2013 to 2016.DesignSeroepidemiological study.Participants1812 serum samples collected in Tuscany from subjects older than 12 years from 1992 to 2005 and from 2013 to 2016.Outcome measuresSpecific antibody levels were determined by means of standard commercial ELISA using a dual cut-off of 50 and 125 IU/mL as markers of past and recent infection/vaccination, respectively.ResultsThe highest values of IgG titres were observed in 1992–1994 in all subjects (69.5 IU/mL), with prevalence values of subjects with IgG titres of >50 and >125 IU/mL of 68.3% and 23.8%, respectively. IgG titres decreased in the years thereafter (37.8 IU/mL in 2002–2005), together with prevalence values (41.7% and 8.1% in 2002–2005). In 2013–2016, both IgG titres and prevalence values showed a slight increase (50.6 IU/mL, 53.9% and 14.7%, respectively). IgG titres and prevalence followed the same age-related trend in all time periods considered, with the highest values in subjects aged 12–22 years. The lowest values were found in the age group of subjects aged 23–35 years (OR 0.54).ConclusionsSince 2002, approximately half of the population over 22 years of age have low IgG titres and are presumably susceptible to acquiring and transmitting pertussis infection. In addition, in 2013–2016, almost one-third of subjects aged 12–22 years, that is, the age group most likely to have been vaccinated against pertussis in infancy, had low antibody levels. Improving vaccination coverage and implementing careful surveillance are therefore recommended in order to prevent morbidity and mortality due to pertussis.

Genetic Analysis of the First European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus Isolates from Greece

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Billinis ◽  
N. J. Knowles ◽  
V. Spyrou ◽  
V. Psychas ◽  
P. K. Birtsas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare Syndrome ◽  
Virus Isolates
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