scholarly journals XMRV Discovery and Prostate Cancer-Related Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Kang ◽  
Michael C. Lee ◽  
Jaydip Das Gupta ◽  
Eric A. Klein ◽  
Robert H. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Rnase L ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Tract Infections

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was first reported in 2006 in a study of human prostate cancer patients with genetic variants of the antiviral enzyme, RNase L. Subsequent investigations in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa have either observed or failed to detect XMRV in patients (prostate cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome-myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS-ME), and immunosuppressed with respiratory tract infections) or normal, healthy, control individuals. The principal confounding factors are the near ubiquitous presence of mouse-derived reagents, antibodies and cells, and often XMRV itself, in laboratories. XMRV infects and replicates well in many human cell lines, but especially in certain prostate cancer cell lines. XMRV also traffics to prostate in a nonhuman primate model of infection. Here, we will review the discovery of XMRV and then focus on prostate cancer-related research involving this intriguing virus.

scholarly journals Failure to Detect XMRV-Specific Antibodies in the Plasma of CFS Patients Using Highly Sensitive Chemiluminescence Immunoassays

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Oakes ◽  
Xiaoxing Qiu ◽  
Susan Levine ◽  
John Hackett ◽  
Brigitte T. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Healthy Control

In 2009, Lombardi et al. reported their startling finding that the gammaretrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related retrovirus (XMRV) is present in 67% of blood samples of patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), as opposed to only 3.7% of samples from healthy individuals. However, we and others could not confirm these results, using a nested PCR assay. An alternative to this highly sensitive, but contamination-prone, technique is to measure the serological response to XMRV. Thus, we tested the plasma samples from our cohorts of CFS patients and healthy controls for the presence of XMRV-specific antibodies. Using two novel chemiluminescence immunoassays (CMIAs), we show that none of our samples have any XMRV-reactive antibodies. Taken together with our previous findings, we conclude that XMRV is not present in any human individual tested by us, regardless of CFS or healthy control.

scholarly journals Phylogeny-Directed Search for Murine Leukemia Virus-Like Retroviruses in Vertebrate Genomes and in Patients Suffering from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Prostate Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Blomberg ◽  
Ali Sheikholvaezin ◽  
Amal Elfaitouri ◽  
Fredrik Blomberg ◽  
Anna Sjösten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Directed Search ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Gammaretrovirus-like sequences occur in most vertebrate genomes. Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) like retroviruses (MLLVs) are a subset, which may be pathogenic and spread cross-species. Retroviruses highly similar to MLLVs (xenotropic murine retrovirus related virus (XMRV) and Human Mouse retrovirus-like RetroViruses (HMRVs)) reported from patients suffering from prostate cancer (PC) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) raise the possibility that also humans have been infected. Structurally intact, potentially infectious MLLVs occur in the genomes of some mammals, especially mouse. Mouse MLLVs contain three major groups. One, MERV G3, contained MLVs and XMRV/HMRV. Its presence in mouse DNA, and the abundance of xenotropic MLVs in biologicals, is a source of false positivity. Theoretically, XMRV/HMRV could be one of several MLLV transspecies infections. MLLV pathobiology and diversity indicate optimal strategies for investigating XMRV/HMRV in humans and raise ethical concerns. The alternatives that XMRV/HMRV may give a hard-to-detect “stealth” infection, or that XMRV/HMRV never reached humans, have to be considered.

scholarly journals Lack of Detection of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus in HIV-1 Lymphoma Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista A. Delviks-Frankenberry ◽  
Chawaree Chaipan ◽  
Rachel Bagni ◽  
Kathleen Wyvill ◽  
Robert Yarchoan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Human Prostate Cancer ◽  
Xenotropic Murine Leukemia ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Related Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is a gammaretrovirus reported to be associated with human prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. Since retroviruses cause various cancers, and XMRV replication might be facilitated by HIV-1 co-infection, we asked whether certain patients with HIV-associated lymphomas are infected with XMRV. Analysis of PMBCs and plasma from 26 patients failed to detect XMRV by PCR, ELISA, or Western blot, suggesting a lack of association between XMRV and AIDS-associated lymphomas.

Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics Differentiating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from Major Depression and Healthy Control Populations

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Suhadolnik ◽  
Daniel L. Peterson ◽  
Nancy L. Reichenbach ◽  
Gail Roen ◽  
Melodie Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Control

Neuropsychological deficits in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM BUSICHIO ◽  
LANA A. TIERSKY ◽  
JOHN DELUCA ◽  
BENJAMIN H. NATELSON
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Control

The degree of neuropsychological dysfunction across multiple domains was examined in individuals suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In this descriptive study, a similar series of neuropsychological tests was administered to a group of CFS patients and healthy participants. More specifically, CFS patients (n = 141) who met the 1994 Case Definition criteria were compared to 76 healthy control participants on tests of memory, attention (concentration), speed of information processing, motor speed, and executive functioning. On the 18 measures administered, CFS patients scored 1 standard deviation below the healthy mean on nine measures and scored 2 standard deviations below the healthy mean on four of the measures. Moreover, results indicated that CFS patients were more likely than healthy controls to fail (1.6 SD below the healthy mean) at least one test in each of the following domains: attention, speed of information processing, and motor speed, but not on measures of memory and executive functioning. Finally, CFS patients demonstrated a greater total number of tests failed across domains. (JINS, 2004, 10, 278–285.)

scholarly journals The tale of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet C. T. Groom ◽  
Kate N. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Murine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Prostate Cancer Patient ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Xenotropic Murine Leukemia ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Related Virus ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
The Media ◽  
Murine Leukemia

In 2006, a new retrovirus was isolated from prostate cancer patient tissue. Named xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), this was potentially the third class of retrovirus to be pathogenic in humans. XMRV made a more dramatic impact on the wider scientific community, and indeed the media, in 2009 when it was reported to be present in a remarkably high proportion of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome as well as a significant, albeit smaller, proportion of healthy controls. The apparent strong link to disease and the fear of a previously unknown retrovirus circulating in the general population lead to a surge in XMRV research. Subsequent studies failed to find an association of XMRV with disease and, in most cases, failed to find the virus in human samples. In 2011, the case against XMRV and human disease strengthened, ending with several decisive publications revealing the origin of the virus and demonstrating contamination of samples. In this review, we outline the passage of research on XMRV and its potential association with disease from its isolation to the present day, where we find ourselves at the end of a turbulent story.

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